United States Senate elections, 2024

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2022
2026



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2024 U.S. Senate Elections

Election Date
November 5, 2024

U.S. Senate Elections by State
ArizonaCaliforniaCalifornia (special)ConnecticutDelawareFloridaHawaiiIndianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNebraska (special)NevadaNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth DakotaOhioPennsylvaniaRhode IslandTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming

U.S. House Elections

Republicans won a majority in the U.S. Senate as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections. Thirty-four of the 100 seats were up for election. Thirty-three of those seats are up for regular election, and one[1] was up for a special election.

Heading into the 2024 general election, Democrats had a 47-49 majority with four independents. Three of those independents caucused with the Democratic Party, and one other counted towards the Democratic majority for committee purposes.

Of the 34 seats up for election in 2024, Democrats held 19, Republicans held 11, and independents held four. Democrats were defending three Senate seats in states Donald Trump (R) won in the 2020 presidential election. Republicans were not defending any Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.

Two special elections also took place on Nov. 5, 2024. One special election was held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Sen. Ben Sasse (R-Neb.) was elected to in 2020.[2] The other special election was held to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29, 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held was also up for regular election on Nov. 5, 2024.[3]

In 2024, 10 seats were open because the incumbent did not run for re-election. Nine incumbents retired from public office and one incumbent ran for another office. Click here to learn more.

Ballotpedia does not include incumbents leaving office early in our analysis of incumbents not running for re-election. For more information about incumbents who left office early or announced resignations, click here.

Ballotpedia is tracking 15 races (41.2%) as battleground races. Democrats held 11 of those seats, Republicans held three, and an independent held one.

Click here for coverage of U.S. Senate elections in 2022.

Click on the links below to jump to the various sections on this page:

Partisan balance

U.S. Senate Partisan Breakdown
Party As of August 2024 After the 2024 Election
     Democratic Party
47[4]
45
     Republican Party
49
53
     Independent
4[4]
2[5]
Total
100
100


The chart below shows historical partisan breakdown information for the chamber.

Election results, 2024

See also: Election results, 2024: U.S. Senate

Republicans won a 53-47 majority as a result of the November 5, 2024 elections.

As a result of the elections, Republicans gained four seats in Montana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Democrats gained one seat in Arizona.

Democrats held a 50-49 majority in the U.S. Senate heading into the elections.[6]Thirty-four of 100 Senate seats were up for election. Thirty-three of those seats were up for regular election, and one[7] was up for a special election. Democrats were defending three Senate seats, in Montana, Ohio, and West Virginia, in states Donald Trump (R) won in the 2020 presidential election. Republicans were not defending any Senate seats in states Joe Biden (D) won in 2020.

Of the seats up for election in 2024, Democrats held 19, Republicans held 11, and independents held four. Eight members of the U.S. Senate did not run for re-election, more than in any year since 2012.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races (41.2%) as general election battlegrounds in 2024. Heading into the elections, Democrats held 11 of those seats, Republicans held three, and independents held one. Republicans won three seats previously held by Democrats in Montana, Ohio, and Pennsylvania and Democrats won the seat in Arizona, previously held by Kyrsten Sinema (I).

Ten seats were open because the incumbent did not run for re-election. Nine incumbents retired from public office and one incumbent ran for another office. Click here to learn more.

Ballotpedia does not include incumbents leaving office early in our analysis of incumbents not running for re-election. For more information about incumbents who left office early or announced resignations, click here.

Incumbents defeated in the general election

The following table lists incumbents defeated in the 2024 general election for U.S. Senate.

U.S. Senate incumbents defeated in the 2024 general election
State Incumbent Election winner
Montana Democratic Party Jon Tester Republican Party Tim Sheehy
Ohio Democratic Party Sherrod Brown Republican Party Bernie Moreno
Pennsylvania Democratic Party Bob Casey Jr. Republican Party David McCormick

Margins of victory

The average margin of victory for U.S. Senate races was, 16.7 percentage points lower than the 19.8 percentage points average margin in 2022 and the 18.1 percentage points average margin in 2020. The average margin of victory was 12.8 percentage points for Democrats and 20 percentage points for Republicans. This was below the 2022 averages for both parties, which were 16.68 percentage points for Democrats and 22.9 percentage points for Republicans.

The narrowest margin in any U.S. Senate election in 2024 was 0.2 percentage points in Pennsylvania. David McCormick (R) defeated Incumbent Bob Casey Jr. 48.8%-48.6. The largest margin of victory in 2024 was 51 percentage points in Wyoming. Incumbent John Barrasso (R) defeated Scott Morrow (D) 75.1%-24.1%

List of all 2024 U.S. Senate margins of victory

This table shows the margins of victory in U.S. Senate elections on November 5, 2024.

U.S. Senate margins of victory, 2024
State Votes cast Winner Winner votes Runner-up Runner-up votes Margin Margin (%)
Arizona 3,199,898 Democratic Party Ruben Gallego 1,600,923 Republican Party Kari Lake 1,528,297 72,626 2.2%
California 7,580,633 Democratic Party Adam Schiff 4,534,025 Republican Party Steve Garvey 3,046,608 1,487,417 19.6%
Connecticut 320,164 Democratic Party Chris Murphy 182,872 Republican Party Matthew Corey 132,105 50,767 15.8%
Delaware 500,606 Democratic Party Lisa Blunt Rochester 283,298 Republican Party Eric Hansen 197,753 85,545 17.0%
Florida 10,757,428 Republican Party Rick Scott 5,977,706 Democratic Party Debbie Mucarsel-Powell 4,603,077 1,374,629 12.8%
Hawaii 432,724 Democratic Party Mazie Hirono 283,454 Republican Party Bob McDermott 135,761 147,693 34.1%
Indiana 1,494,930 Republican Party Jim Banks 886,283 Democratic Party Valerie McCray 570,624 315,659 21.1%
Massachusetts 1,024,309 Democratic Party Elizabeth Warren 626,933 Republican Party John Deaton 397,376 229,557 22.4%
Maryland 2,044,316 Democratic Party Angela Alsobrooks 1,078,306 Republican Party Larry Hogan 917,883 160,423 7.8%
Maine 799,276 Grey.png Angus King 414,127 Republican Party Demi Kouzounas 274,722 139405 17.4%
Michigan 5,532,533 Democratic Party Elissa Slotkin 2,690,225 Republican Party Mike Rogers 2,671,872 18,353 0.3%
Minnesota 1,775,095 Democratic Party Amy Klobuchar 1,020,587 Republican Party Royce White 698,488 322,099 18.2%
Missouri 2,176,294 Republican Party Josh Hawley 1,149,665 Democratic Party Lucas Kunce 970,058 179,607 8.2%
Mississippi 742,514 Republican Party Roger Wicker 475,377 Democratic Party Ty Pinkins 267,137 208,240 28.0%
Montana 543,362 Republican Party Tim Sheehy 289,696 Democratic Party Jon Tester 243,986 45,710 8.4%
North Dakota 364,327 Republican Party Kevin Cramer 241,569 Democratic Party Katrina Christiansen 121,602 119,967 32.9%
Nebraska 677,158 Republican Party Deb Fischer 354,409 Grey.png Dan Osborn 322,749 31,660 4.6%
Nebraska (special election) 574,387 Republican Party Pete Ricketts 336,614 Democratic Party Preston Love Jr. 237,773 98,841 17.2%
New Jersey 2,895,528 Democratic Party Andrew Kim 1,561,944 Republican Party Curtis Bashaw 1,274,048 287,896 9.9%
New Mexico 820,164 Democratic Party Martin Heinrich 446,554 Republican Party Nella Domenici 373,610 72,944 8.8%
Nevada 1,400,656 Democratic Party Jacky Rosen 669,034 Republican Party Sam Brown 650,989 18,045 1.3%
New York 7,322,568 Democratic Party Kirsten Gillibrand 4,271,933 Republican Party Mike Sapraicone 3,016,388 1,255,545 17.1%
Ohio 5,514,140 Republican Party Bernie Moreno 2,769,656 Democratic Party Sherrod Brown 2,557,598 212,058 3.8%
Pennsylvania 6,960,423 Republican Party David McCormick 3,398,602 Democratic Party Bob Casey Jr. 3,382,293 16,309 0.2%
Rhode Island 425,148 Democratic Party Sheldon Whitehouse 245,197 Republican Party Patricia Morgan 179,951 179,951 15.4%
Tennessee 2,878,014 Republican Party Marsha Blackburn 1,851,088 Democratic Party Gloria Johnson 969,569 881,519 30.6%
Texas 10,374,488 Republican Party Ted Cruz 5,580,601 Democratic Party Colin Allred 4,562,874 1,017,727 9.8%
Utah 802,078 Republican Party John Curtis 491,733 Democratic Party Caroline Gleich 271,313 220,420 27.5%
Virginia 4,005,814 Democratic Party Tim Kaine 2,153,825 Republican Party Hung Cao 301836 301,836 7.6%
Vermont 363,253 Grey.png Bernie Sanders 229,429 Republican Party Gerald Malloy 116,512 112,917 31.1%
Washington 2,562,817 Democratic Party Maria Cantwell 1,535,231 Republican Party Raul Garcia 1,027,586 507,645 19.8%
Wisconsin 3,387,208 Democratic Party Tammy Baldwin 1,672,550 Republican Party Eric Hovde 1,672,550 28,958 0.9%
West Virginia 617,412 Republican Party Jim Justice 433,428 Democratic Party Glenn Elliott 161,538 271,890 44.0%
Wyoming 264,162 Republican Party John Barrasso 198,418 Democratic Party Scott Morrow 63,727 134,691 51.0%

Seats up for election

There were 33 U.S. Senate seats up for regular election in 2024—10 seats held by Republicans, 19 held by Democrats, and four held by independents who caucus with Democrats. [8]

Two special elections also took place on November 5, 2024. One special election was held to fill the last two years of the six-year term that Ben Sasse (R) was elected to in 2020.[9][10][11] The other special election was held to fill the rest of the six-year term that Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.) was elected to in 2018. Feinstein died on Sept. 29. 2023. The Senate seat Feinstein held was also up for regular election on November 5, 2024.[12]

The map and table below shows what seats were up for election and the incumbent heading into the election in each race.


Table last updated: October 24, 2024


Incumbents who did not run for re-election


Eight United States Senators are not seeking re-election to their U.S. Senate seats (not including those who left office early):

  • Democratic Party 4 Democrats
  • Republican Party 2 Republicans
  • Independent 2 Independent

Incumbents retiring from public office

  • Democratic Party 4 Democrats
  • Republican Party 1 Republican
  • Independent 2 Independent
Retiring from public office, 2024
Name Party State Date announced
Kyrsten Sinema Independent Independent Arizona March 5, 2024[13]
Joe Manchin Independent Independent West Virginia November 9, 2023[14]
Laphonza Butler Democratic Party Democrat California October 19, 2023[15][16]
Debbie Stabenow Democratic Party Democrat Michigan January 5, 2023[17]
Ben Cardin Democratic Party Democrat Maryland May 1, 2023[18]
Tom Carper Democratic Party Democrat Delaware May 22, 2023[19]
Mitt Romney Republican Party Republican Utah September 13, 2023[20]

Incumbents seeking other offices

  • Republican Party 1 Republican
Running for governor, 2024
Name Party State Date announced
Mike Braun Republican Party Republican Indiana November 30, 2022[21]


Battlegrounds

Elections for 34 U.S. Senate seats took place in 2024. Thirty-three of those seats are up for regular election, and one[22] was up for a special election. Ahead of the November election, Democrats had a majority in the U.S. Senate, controlling 51 seats[23] to Republicans' 49.

Ballotpedia identified 15 races as general election battlegrounds in 2024.

These battleground races were selected using the following criteria. For more information on our methodology, click here:

  • the results of the 2020 presidential election in each state,
  • whether the incumbent was seeking re-election,
  • whether the incumbent was serving his or her first term in the U.S. Senate, and
  • how the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales rated the race.

In addition to the competitiveness data above, races were included if they were particularly compelling or meaningful to the balance of power in governments for other reasons.

In 2022, Ballotpedia identified 12 U.S. Senate battleground races: four Democratic seats and eight Republican seats. Democrats won one Republican-held seat. Republicans won no seats held by Democrats.

Click on the links below to learn more about battleground races of other types:

The following map displays all states that held U.S. Senate elections in 2024 shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Battleground races are highlighted in lighter colors. Hover over a state for more information.

Battleground U.S. Senate elections, 2024
State Incumbent Open seat? 2018 margin 2024 margin 2020 presidential margin
Arizona Independent Kyrsten Sinema Yes D+2.4[24] D+2.2 D+0.3
California Democratic Party Laphonza Butler Yes N/A[25] D+19.6 D+29.2
Florida Republican Party Rick Scott No R+0.2 R+12.8 R+3.3
Maryland Democratic Party Ben Cardin Yes D+34.6 D+7.8 D+33.2
Michigan Democratic Party Debbie Stabenow Yes D+6.5 D+0.3 D+2.8
Montana Democratic Party Jon Tester No D+3.5 R+8.4 R+16.4
Nebraska Republican Party Deb Fischer No R+19.1 R+4.6 R+19
Nevada Democratic Party Jacky Rosen No D+5 D+1.3 D+2.4
New Jersey Democratic Party Bob Menendez Sr. Yes D+11.2 D+9.9 D+15.9
New Mexico Democratic Party Martin Heinrich No D+10.8 D+8.8 D+15.9
Ohio Democratic Party Sherrod Brown No D+6.8 R+3.8 R+8.1
Pennsylvania Democratic Party Bob Casey No D+13.1 R+0.2 D+1.2
Texas Republican Party Ted Cruz No R+2.6 R+9.8 R+5.6
Virginia Democratic Party Tim Kaine No D+16 D+7.6 10.1
Wisconsin Democratic Party Tammy Baldwin No D+10.8 D+0.9 D+0.7


Outside race ratings

The following table compared U.S. Senate race ratings from The Cook Political Report with Amy Walter, Decision Desk HQ and The Hill, Inside Elections, and Sabato's Crystal Ball prior to the November 2024 elections.


List of candidates

The table below contains a list of all candidates for the U.S. Senate in 2024. The table is fully searchable by candidate, party and candidacy status. Depending on the size of your screen, you'll either see a menu to the left of the table or an arrow at the top right corner, which you can use to select a state.

Arizona Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost (Write-in) Primary
Green
Lost Primary
Green
Lost Primary
Green
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
No party preference
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

California Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost (Write-in) Primary
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost (Write-in) Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
American Independent Party of California
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Libertarian
Lost Primary
No party preference
Lost (Write-in) Primary
No party preference
Lost (Write-in) Primary
No party preference
Lost Primary
No party preference
Lost Primary
No party preference
Lost Primary
No party preference
Lost Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew (Write-in) Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew (Write-in) Primary
Independent
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew Primary
Vienmerisce Veittemeignzce USA
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Connecticut Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Cheaper Gas Groceries Party
Lost General
Green
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Delaware Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Independent
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Florida Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Rick Scott
Rick Scott Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Libertarian
Lost General
No Party Affiliation
Lost General
No Party Affiliation
Lost (Write-in) General
No Party Affiliation
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Disqualified Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew General
Green
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew (Write-in) General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General
One Earth Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Hawaii Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Mazie K. Hirono
Mazie K. Hirono Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Green
Lost General
Nonpartisan
Lost Primary
We the People
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Aloha Aina Party
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew Primary
Libertarian
Withdrew Primary
Nonpartisan
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Indiana Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Maine Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Angus King
Angus King Incumbent
Independent
Won Round 1
Republican
Lost Round 1
Democratic
Lost Round 1
Independent
Lost Round 1
Democratic
Withdrew Round 1

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Maryland Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Libertarian
Lost General
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew General
Green
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Disqualified General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew (Write-in) General
Progressive Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Massachusetts Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Libertarian
Withdrew General
Unenrolled
Withdrew General
Unenrolled
Withdrew General
Workers Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Michigan Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Green
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General
Natural Law Party
Lost General
U.S. Taxpayers Party
Lost General
U.S. Taxpayers Party
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Disqualified Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Minnesota Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Amy Klobuchar
Amy Klobuchar Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independence-Alliance Party of Minnesota
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Mississippi Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Roger Wicker
Roger Wicker Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Missouri Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Josh Hawley
Josh Hawley Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Better Party
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Green
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Socialist Equality Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Montana Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Jon Tester
Jon Tester Incumbent
Democratic
Lost General
Green
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew General
Libertarian
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Nebraska Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Deb Fischer
Deb Fischer Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost General
Legal Marijuana Now Party
Lost Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Legal Marijuana Now Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Nevada Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Jacky Rosen
Jacky Rosen Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent American Party
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Libertarian
Withdrew General
No Political Party
Withdrew General
No Political Party
Withdrew General
No Political Party
Withdrew General
No Political Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

New Jersey Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Green
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General
Socialist Workers Party
Lost General
Vote Better Party
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Bob Menendez
Bob Menendez Incumbent
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

New Mexico Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Martin Heinrich
Martin Heinrich Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

New York Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
LaRouche Party
Lost General
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
American Independent Party
Withdrew General
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Disqualified Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

North Dakota Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Kevin Cramer
Kevin Cramer Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Democratic
Lost General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Ohio Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Sherrod Brown
Sherrod Brown Incumbent
Democratic
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Pennsylvania Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost (Write-in) General
Constitution Party
Lost General
Bob Casey Jr.
Bob Casey Jr. Incumbent
Democratic
Lost General
Green
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
American Solidarity Party
Withdrew General
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Disqualified Primary
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Rhode Island Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Democratic
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Tennessee Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost General
Independent
Lost General
Independent
Lost General
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Disqualified General
Wisdom People Party
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Texas Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Ted Cruz
Ted Cruz Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Disqualified Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Green
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Utah Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Advanced Round 2
Republican
Lost Round 2
Republican
Lost Round 2
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Independent American Party of Utah
Lost General
Independent American Party of Utah
Lost Convention
Unaffiliated
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Vermont Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Bernie Sanders
Bernie Sanders Incumbent
Independent
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Epic Party
Lost General
Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party of Vermont
Lost General
Independent
Lost General
Libertarian
Lost General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Virginia Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Tim Kaine
Tim Kaine Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Withdrew General
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Washington Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Maria Cantwell
Maria Cantwell Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost Primary
No party preference
Lost Primary
Socialist Workers Party
Lost Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Democratic
Withdrew Primary

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

West Virginia Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General
Democratic
Lost Primary
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Libertarian
Lost General
Republican
Withdrew General
Joe Manchin III
Joe Manchin III Incumbent
Democratic
Withdrew Primary
Independent
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Wisconsin Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
Tammy Baldwin
Tammy Baldwin Incumbent
Democratic
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost General
Republican
Lost Primary
America First Party
Lost General
Disrupt The Corruption Party
Lost General
Independent
Lost (Write-in) General
Republican
Disqualified Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
Republican
Withdrew Primary
American Independent Party
Withdrew General
No Party Affiliation
Withdrew General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Wyoming Senate Candidates - 2024
candidatepartyofficestatus
John Barrasso
John Barrasso Incumbent
Republican
Won General
Republican
Lost Primary
Republican
Lost Primary
Democratic
Lost General

Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.

Seats that changed party hands in 2018

See also: United States Senate elections, 2018

In 2018—the last time these 33 seats were up for election—six seats changed party hands. Republicans picked up four seats and Democrats picked up two seats.

Senate seats that changed party hands, 2018
State Pre-election incumbent 2018 winner Margin of victory
(percentage points)
Arizona Republican Party Jeff Flake Democratic Party Kyrsten Sinema[26] 2.4
Florida Democratic Party Bill Nelson Republican Party Rick Scott 0.2
Indiana Democratic Party Joe Donnelly Republican Party Mike Braun 5.9
Missouri Democratic Party Claire McCaskill Republican Party Josh Hawley 5.8
North Dakota Democratic Party Heidi Heitkamp Republican Party Kevin Cramer 10.8
Nevada Republican Party Dean Heller Democratic Party Jacky Rosen 5


Battleground primaries

See also: U.S. Senate battleground primaries, 2024

Democratic Party battleground primaries

There were 2 U.S. Senate Democratic battleground primaries in 2024.

The following map shows each state with a Democratic battleground primary for U.S. Senate in 2024. Hover over or tap a state to view the incumbent's name.


Republican Party battleground primaries

There were 7 U.S. Senate Republican battleground primaries in 2024.

The following map shows each state with a Republican battleground primary for U.S. Senate in 2024. Hover over or tap a state to view the incumbent's name.


Party committee fundraising

DSCC

See also: Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024

The Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee (DSCC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the DSCC for the 2023-24 election cycle
Month
(Dates covered)
Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand (end of month) Debts owed (end of month) FEC document
Pre-General 2024
(October 1-16, 2024)
$40,241,985.42 $40,335,024.52 $37,304,876.65 $20,000,000.00 Filing
October 2024
(September 1-30, 2024)
$28,073,337.85 $37,628,622.27 $37,397,915.75 $0.00 Filing
September 2024
(August 1-31, 2024)
$19,189,774.30 $31,569,714.51 $46,953,200.17 $0.00 Filing
August 2024
(July 1-31, 2024)
$14,866,600.74 $8,639,158.20 $59,333,140.38 $0.00 Filing
July 2024
(June 1-30, 2024)
$12,107,758.55 $7,312,788.12 $53,105,697.84 $0.00 Filing
June 2024
(May 1-31, 2024)
$10,642,216.67 $6,655,375.60 $48,310,727.41 $0.00 Filing
May 2024
(April 1-30, 2024)
$9,332,114.63 $6,017,825.97 $44,323,886.34 $0.00 Filing
April 2024
(March 1-31, 2024)
$13,508,962.18 $4,410,244.43 $41,009,597.68 $0.00 Filing
March 2024
(February 1-29, 2024)
$9,511,330.21 $4,645,296.24 $31,910,879.93 $0.00 Filing
February 2024
(January 1-31, 2024)
$9,720,714.23 $3,986,420.22 $27,044,845.96 $0.00 Filing
Year-End 2023
(December 1-31, 2023)
$7,972,504.39 $3,774,405.87 $21,310,551.95 $0.00 Filing
December 2023
(November 1-30, 2023)
$5,498,388.27 $3,730,228.46 $17,112,453.43 $0.00 Filing
November 2023
(October 1-31, 2023)
$5,315,869.17 $4,079,837.28 $15,344,293.62 $0.00 Filing
October 2023
(September 1-30, 2023)
$6,177,728.41 $2,766,398.19 $14,108,261.73 $0.00 Filing
September 2023
(August 1-31, 2023)
$4,992,020.36 $3,663,267.72 $10,696,931.51 $0.00 Filing
August 2023
(July 1-31, 2023)
$5,157,126.37 $3,222,330.20 $9,368,178.87 $0.00 Filing
July 2023
(June 1-30, 2023)
$7,427,497.79 $7,315,614.65 $7,433,382.70 $0.00 Filing
June 2023
(May 1-31, 2023)
$5,918,384.97 $7,088,848.36 $7,321,499.56 $3,000,000.00 Filing
May 2023
(April 1-30, 2023)
$6,186,012.21 $7,280,755.25 $8,491,962.95 $7,000,000.00 Filing
April 2023
(March 1-31, 2023)
$9,459,749.27 $7,882,490.39 $9,586,705.99 $11,000,000.00 Filing
March 2023
(Feb. 1-28, 2023)
$5,542,819.98 $5,449,998.25 $8,009,447.11 $15,000,000.00 Filing
February 2023
(Jan. 1-31, 2023)
$4,673,631.39 $5,352,223.88 $7,916,625.38 $18,000,000.00 Filing

NRSC

See also: Party committee fundraising, 2023-2024

The National Republican Senatorial Committee (NRSC) reported the following fundraising amounts for the 2023-24 election cycle:

Monthly fundraising for the NRSC for the 2023-24 election cycle
Month
(Dates covered)
Total receipts Total disbursements Cash on hand (end of month) Debts owed (end of month) FEC document
Pre-General 2024
(October 1-16, 2024)
$29,750,048.68 $31,024,731.18 $19,794,122.21 $17,000,000.00 Filing
October 2024
(September 1-30, 2024)
$30,713,278.44 $53,253,641.12 $21,068,804.71 $0.00 Filing
September 2024
(August 1-31, 2024)
$19,140,179.03 $26,542,619.98 $43,609,167.39 $0.00 Filing
August 2024
(July 1-31, 2024)
$17,006,684.74 $14,301,144.12 $51,011,608.34 $0.00 Filing
July 2024
(June 1-30, 2024)
$18,526,967.69 $11,223,941.80 $48,306,067.72 $0.00 Filing
June 2024
(May 1-31, 2024)
$12,363,159.55 $9,360,646.45 $41,003,041.83 $0.00 Filing
May 2024
(April 1-30, 2024)
$13,153,581.64 $11,693,870.31 $38,000,528.73 $0.00 Filing
April 2024
(March 1-31, 2024)
$18,296,197.19 $6,561,007.14 $36,540,817.40 $0.00 Filing
March 2024
(February 1-29, 2024)
$13,140,404.43 $6,527,476.89 $24,805,627.35 $0.00 Filing
February 2024
(January 1-31, 2024)
$10,828,320.12 $7,004,624.34 $18,192,699.81 $0.00 Filing
Year-End 2023
(December 1-31, 2023)
$9,722,094.10 $3,075,142.77 $14,369,004.03 $0.00 Filing
December 2023
(November 1-30, 2023)
$6,020,717.63 $5,263,802.25 $7,722,052.70 $0.00 Filing
November 2023
(October 1-31, 2023)
$5,359,549.01 $6,564,098.06 $6,965,137.32 $0.00 Filing
October 2023
(September 1-30, 2023)
$8,104,492.54 $6,427,702.98 $8,169,686.37 $500,000.00 Filing
September 2023
(August 1-31, 2023)
$5,028,592.35 $6,799,472.85 $6,492,896.81 $2,900,000.00 Filing
August 2023
(July 1-31, 2023)
$5,423,862.47 $6,645,063.69 $8,263,777.31 $4,250,000.00 Filing
July 2023
(June 1-30, 2023)
$7,755,495.96 $6,835,894.90 $9,484,978.53 $6,250,000.00 Filing
June 2023
(May 1-31, 2023)
$6,512,464.45 $6,837,230.80 $8,565,377.47 $7,750,000.00 Filing
May 2023
(April 1-30, 2023)
$6,231,654.08 $5,397,762.21 $8,890,143.82 $10,750,000.00 Filing
April 2023
(March 1-31, 2023)
$7,815,097.81 $8,119,969.57 $8,056,251.95 $12,750,000.00 Filing
March 2023
(Feb. 1-28, 2023)
$5,490,474.62 $5,992,200.52 $8,361,123.71 $16,350,000.00 Filing
February 2023
(Jan. 1-31, 2023)
$4,511,554.07 $3,826,440.31 $8,862,849.61 $20,000,000.00 Filing

Special elections

See also: Special elections to the 118th United States Congress (2023-2024)

Special elections to United States Senate are often required in the event of vacancies. This table lists special Senate elections from 2023 to 2024.

Results of special elections to the 118th Congress (Senate)
Race Election date Incumbent Winner Election MOV Previous election MOV 2020 Presidential election MOV (statewide)[27]
California Senate November 5, 2024 Democratic Party Dianne Feinstein Democratic Party Adam Schiff D+18.6 D+8.4 D+29[28]
Nebraska Senate November 5, 2024 Republican Party Ben Sasse Republican Party Pete Ricketts R+17.2 R+38.3 R+19[29]

Historical special election data

Special elections, 2013-2024

From 2013 to 2024, 80 special elections to the United States Congress were called during the 113th through 118th Congresses. During that time, special elections were called for 29 seats vacated by Democrats and 51 vacated by Republicans.

The table below details how many congressional seats changed parties as the result of a special election between 2013 and 2024. The numbers on the left side of the table reflect how many vacant seats were originally held by each party, while the numbers on the right side of the table show how many vacant seats each party won in special elections.

Congressional special election vacancies and results, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Congress Total elections held Vacancies before elections Seats held after elections Net change
Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans Democratic Party Democrats Republican Party Republicans
118th Congress 13 6 7 7 6 +1D, -1R
117th Congress 17 7 10 7 10 No change
116th Congress 10 3 7 4 6 +1D, -1R
115th Congress 17 4 13 8 9 +4 D, -4 R
114th Congress 7 2 5 2 5 No change
113th Congress 16 7 9 7 9 No change
Averages 13.33 4.83 8.5 6.67 7.5 N/A


U.S. Senate special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 5 8
Republican Party Republicans 7 4
Total 12 12
U.S. House special election partisan change from special elections, 113th Congress to 118th Congress
Party As of special election After special election
Democratic Party Democrats 20 23
Republican Party Republicans 39 36
Total 59 59


Special elections, 1986-2012

The table below presents the results of special elections to Congress from 1986 to 2012. Contact Ballotpedia at editor@ballotpedia.org for access to earlier data.

Results of special elections to Congress (1986-2012)
Election cycle Total special elections U.S. House elections Seats changing partisan control U.S. Senate elections Seats changing partisan control
2011-2012 11 11 None None None
2009-2010 15 10 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) 5 2 (all Republican gains)
2007-2008 14 12 3 (2 Republican gains; 1 Democratic gain) 2 None
2005-2006 12 12 3 (all Democratic gains) None None
2003-2004 6 6 None None None
2001-2002 6 5 2 (all Democratic gains) 1 1 (Republican gain)
1999-2000 9 8 1 (Republican gain) 1 1 (Democratic gain)
1997-1998 3 3 None None None
1995-1996 11 9 1 (Republican gain) 2 1 (Democratic gain)
1993-1994 9 6 1 (Republican gain) 3 3 (all Republican gains)
1991-1992 10 7 2 (all Republican gains) 3 1 (Democratic gain)
1989-1990 10 8 1 (Democratic gain) 2 None
1987-1988 12 12 3 (2 Democratic gains; 1 Republican gain) None None
1985-1986 8 8 1 (Republican gain) None None
Total 136 117 21 (11 Democratic gains; 10 Republican gains) 19 9 (6 Republican gains; 3 Democratic gains)

What's on your ballot?

See also: Sample Ballot Lookup


Congressional approval rating

Ballotpedia's congressional approval polling average: 25% (November 25, 2024)

Results are updated daily at 9:30 a.m. EST and aggregated from the most recent polls from the sources listed in the methodology section below. Think we're missing something? Email us.


The congressional approval rating indicates public satisfaction in the job performance of the members of the United States Congress. It is the percentage of people polled who responded favorably toward the work of the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

Wave elections

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

In a July 2018 report, Ballotpedia defined wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in the last 100 years resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party. U.S. Senate waves from 1918 to 2016 are listed in the table below.

U.S. Senate wave elections
Year President Party Election type Senate seats change Senate majority[41]
1932 Hoover R Presidential -13 D (flipped)
1958 Eisenhower R Second midterm -12 D
1980 Carter D Presidential -11 R (flipped)
1946 Truman D First midterm -10 R (flipped)
1942 Roosevelt D Third midterm -9 D
2014 Obama D Second midterm -9 R (flipped)
1986 Reagan R Second midterm -8 D (flipped)
2008 George W. Bush R Presidential -8 D
1926 Coolidge R First midterm[42] -7 R
1930 Hoover R First midterm -7 R


See also

External links

Election coverage by office

Click the tiles below to navigate to 2024 election coverage:


Footnotes

  1. This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat is also up for regular election.
  2. Siouxland News, "Nebraska's Ben Sasse resigning from US Senate," December 5, 2022
  3. Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," September 29, 2023
  4. 4.0 4.1 Three independents caucus with the Democratic Party. Another independent, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, counts toward the Democratic majority for committee purposes.
  5. Two independents-Sens. Angus King and Bernie Sanders-caucus with the Democratic Party.
  6. Three independents caucus with the Democratic Party. Another independent, Sen. Kyrsten Sinema, counts toward the Democratic majority for committee purposes.
  7. This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat was also up for regular election.
  8. The map below also includes the seat held by Sen. Pete Ricketts (R-Neb.). That seat is up for special election in 2024.
  9. Tampa Bay Times, "Sen. Ben Sasse chosen as 13th UF president in unanimous vote of trustees," November 1, 2022
  10. Fox 42, "Sen. Ben Sasse has been confirmed as President of the University of Florida," November 9, 2022
  11. Siouxland News, "Nebraska's Ben Sasse resigning from US Senate," December 5, 2022
  12. Associated Press, "Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California, trailblazer and champion of liberal priorities, dies at age 90," Sept. 29, 2023
  13. NBC News, "Independent Sen. Kyrsten Sinema will not run for re-election in Arizona," March 5, 2024
  14. The Hill, "Manchin won’t seek reelection in West Virginia," November 9, 2023
  15. Laphonza Butler, "Sen. Laphonza Butler not running in 2024 after filling Dianne Feinstein's seat," October 19, 2023
  16. Butler was appointed to her Senate seat on Oct. 1, 2023, to fill the vacancy left by the death of Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D). Feinstein had previously announced her retirement from public office.
  17. Debbie Stabenow, "Senator Stabenow Announces She Will Not Seek Re-Election in 2024," January 5, 2023
  18. Politico, "Cardin not running for reelection," May 1, 2023
  19. Washington Post, "Democratic Sen. Tom Carper of Delaware won't seek reelection, opening up seat in liberal state," May 22, 2023
  20. Washington Post, "Mitt Romney says he will not seek a second term in the Senate," September 13, 2023
  21. Politico, "Braun to run for Indiana governor, opening Senate seat in 2024," November 30, 2022
  22. This number does not include the special election for a Senate seat in California, as that seat is also up for regular election.
  23. This number includes three independents
  24. Sinema won in 2018 as a Democrat.
  25. Democratic incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein defeated Democrat Kevin De Leon in the general election by a margin of 8.4%.
  26. Sen. Sinema changed her partisan affiliation from Democrat to Independent after the 2022 elections.
  27. 270towin, "Historical Timeline," accessed March 25, 2022
  28. 270towin, "California," accessed October 17, 2023
  29. 270towin, "Nebraska," accessed March 7, 2023
  30. Both general election candidates were Republicans.
  31. This race was unopposed.
  32. 32.0 32.1 Both general election candidates were Democrats.
  33. Lamb won by a margin of 0.4 percentage points.
  34. Wild won by a margin of 0.2 percentage points.
  35. The state Board of Elections declined to certify the results of the 2018 election following allegations of absentee ballot fraud.
  36. Collins won by 0.3 percentage points.
  37. This special election was called to fill the vacancy left by 2020 Congressman-elect Luke Letlow (R), who died before being sworn in to Congress.
  38. Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  39. Runoff MOV between two Democratic candidates.
  40. Runoff MOV between two Republican candidates.
  41. Denotes the party that had more seats in the U.S. Senate following the election.
  42. Calvin Coolidge's (R) first term began in August 1923 after the death of President Warren Harding (R), who was first elected in 1920. Before he had his first midterm in 1926, Coolidge was re-elected as president in 1924.