{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3156249429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082870","title":"Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Pump Laser Frequency Fluctuations on Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Brillouin Dynamic Grating Measurement with Coherent FMCW Reflectometry","display_name":"Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Pump Laser Frequency Fluctuations on Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Brillouin Dynamic Grating Measurement with Coherent FMCW Reflectometry","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3156249429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082870","mag":"3156249429","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33921848","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8074031"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082870","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2870/pdf?version=1618899152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2870/pdf?version=1618899152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101666204","display_name":"Tatsuya Kikuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1382-7184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuya Kikuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036814554","display_name":"Ryohei Satoh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryohei Satoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059718367","display_name":"Iori Kurita","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iori Kurita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034609125","display_name":"K. Takada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0450-4364"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165735259","display_name":"Gunma University","ror":"https://ror.org/046fm7598","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazumasa Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin, Kiryu 376-8515, Gunma, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034609125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165735259"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":0,"max":57},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"8","first_page":"2870","last_page":"2870"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectometry","display_name":"Reflectometry","score":0.556774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brillouin-zone","display_name":"Brillouin zone","score":0.44415247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4403153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7324724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5617234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.556774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5483653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16291881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917246","display_name":"Brillouin zone","level":2,"score":0.44415247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4403153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.41715834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082870","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2870/pdf?version=1618899152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b8c74f71fdc94d2692c5032c37c17524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8074031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Institutes of Health"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082870","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/8/2870/pdf?version=1618899152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.78}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509811822","https://openalex.org/W1612413605","https://openalex.org/W1818354251","https://openalex.org/W1978469278","https://openalex.org/W2019870993","https://openalex.org/W2025282792","https://openalex.org/W2040866348","https://openalex.org/W2062328787","https://openalex.org/W2092367622","https://openalex.org/W2107861680","https://openalex.org/W2108646626","https://openalex.org/W2124108259","https://openalex.org/W2140533120","https://openalex.org/W2154582057","https://openalex.org/W2160508398","https://openalex.org/W2205177844","https://openalex.org/W2320852351","https://openalex.org/W2335245865","https://openalex.org/W2394681023","https://openalex.org/W2511654327","https://openalex.org/W2529215396","https://openalex.org/W2900393160","https://openalex.org/W2971230710","https://openalex.org/W4205447762","https://openalex.org/W4251807571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798551820","https://openalex.org/W2597922112","https://openalex.org/W2249658485","https://openalex.org/W2140036717","https://openalex.org/W2139934557","https://openalex.org/W2091193607","https://openalex.org/W2084512058","https://openalex.org/W2076752731","https://openalex.org/W2035752977","https://openalex.org/W2022839116"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Signal-dependent":[0],"speckle-like":[1],"noise":[2,35,48],"has":[3,17],"constituted":[4],"a":[5,60,79,101,210,215,218],"serious":[6],"factor":[7],"in":[8,159],"Brillouin-grating":[9],"based":[10],"frequency-modulated":[11],"continuous-wave":[12],"(FMCW)":[13],"reflectometry":[14],"and":[15,44,109,150,201],"it":[16],"been":[18],"indispensable":[19],"for":[20,98],"improving":[21],"the":[22,27,34,47,52,56,67,76,87,95,107,113,119,126,133,141,147,151,156,160,172,179,182,189,193,198,205],"signal-to-noise":[23],"ratio":[24],"(S/N)":[25],"of":[26,55,89,103,112,146,204,217],"Brillouin":[28],"dynamic":[29],"grating":[30],"measurement":[31],"to":[32,71,162,177,191,208],"clarify":[33],"generation":[36],"mechanism.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper":[40],"we":[41,93,186],"show":[42],"theoretically":[43],"experimentally":[45],"that":[46,118],"is":[49,176],"generated":[50],"by":[51,74,116,125],"frequency":[53,114,122,148,206],"fluctuations":[54,207],"pump":[57,120,173],"light":[58,121,174,194],"from":[59,69],"laser":[61],"diode":[62],"(LD).":[63],"We":[64,129],"could":[65],"increase":[66],"S/N":[68,99,131,180,212],"36":[70],"190":[72,163],"merely":[73],"driving":[75],"LD":[77],"using":[78,140],"current":[80],"source":[81,175,195],"with":[82,155],"reduced":[83],"technical":[84,127],"noise.":[85,128],"On":[86],"basis":[88],"our":[90],"experimental":[91],"result,":[92],"derived":[94],"theoretical":[96],"formula":[97,190],"as":[100,181],"function":[102],"distance,":[104],"which":[105],"contained":[106],"second":[108],"fourth-order":[110],"moments":[111],"fluctuations,":[115,149],"assuming":[117],"was":[123],"modulated":[124],"calculated":[130],"along":[132],"1.35":[134],"m":[135],"long":[136],"optical":[137],"fiber":[138,183,216],"numerically":[139],"measured":[142,157],"power":[143],"spectral":[144,199],"density":[145],"resulting":[152],"distributions":[153],"agreed":[154],"values":[158],"10":[161],"range.":[164],"Since":[165],"higher":[166],"performance":[167],"levels":[168],"are":[169],"required":[170],"if":[171],"maintain":[178],"length":[184],"increases,":[185],"can":[187],"use":[188],"calculate":[192],"specifications":[196],"including":[197],"width":[200],"rms":[202],"value":[203],"achieve":[209],"high":[211],"while":[213],"testing":[214],"given":[219],"length.":[220]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3156249429","counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2024-12-07T01:18:17.945046","created_date":"2021-04-26"}
