{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3092191174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384722","title":"Creating Character-based Templates for Log Data to Enable Security Event Classification","display_name":"Creating Character-based Templates for Log Data to Enable Security Event Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3092191174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384722","mag":"3092191174"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384722","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3320269.3384722","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3320269.3384722","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029942543","display_name":"Markus Wurzenberger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3259-6972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Wurzenberger","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064406425","display_name":"Georg H\u00f6ld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georg H\u00f6ld","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072210863","display_name":"Max Landauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-3151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Max Landauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088439816","display_name":"Florian Skopik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-7892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132118926","display_name":"Austrian Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04knbh022","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Skopik","raw_affiliation_strings":["AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132118926"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089919338","display_name":"Wolfgang K\u00e4stner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kastner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.654293,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":79,"max":81},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"141","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Log Analysis and System Performance Diagnosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Log Analysis and System Performance Diagnosis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Intrusion Detection and Defense Mechanisms","score":0.9873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Empirical Studies in Software Engineering","score":0.9782,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/template","display_name":"Template","score":0.64896685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-analysis","display_name":"Log Analysis","score":0.629891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-clone-detection","display_name":"Code Clone Detection","score":0.537668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-logs","display_name":"System Logs","score":0.529802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code-analysis","display_name":"Source Code Analysis","score":0.520362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection","display_name":"Intrusion Detection","score":0.510544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.49605355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79500055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82714645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q438331","display_name":"Template","level":2,"score":0.64896685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6134473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5711204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.52952904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.49605355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44774634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.4265005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.41583145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3675099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3335365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384722","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3320269.3384722","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/3320269.3384722","pdf_url":"https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3320269.3384722","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.56,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W1661413208","https://openalex.org/W2039157918","https://openalex.org/W2108187446","https://openalex.org/W2115056012","https://openalex.org/W2171313960","https://openalex.org/W2527994611","https://openalex.org/W2743596624","https://openalex.org/W2754665629","https://openalex.org/W2890792016","https://openalex.org/W2947428355","https://openalex.org/W3003372411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W4236081792","https://openalex.org/W4234406076","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W2121300814","https://openalex.org/W1886613375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Log":[0],"data":[1,291],"analysis":[2,35],"is":[3,36],"an":[4,228],"essential":[5],"task":[6],"when":[7],"it":[8],"comes":[9],"to":[10,42,47,68,82,242],"understanding":[11],"a":[12,15,77,96,193,217,221,252,256,270],"computer's":[13],"or":[14,27,52],"network's":[16],"system":[17,55],"behavior,":[18],"and":[19,46,98,135,142,176,186,204,226,273,285],"enables":[20],"security":[21,174],"analysis,":[22,26],"fault":[23],"diagnosis,":[24],"performance":[25],"intrusion":[28],"detection.":[29],"An":[30],"established":[31,275],"technique":[32],"for":[33,162,181,196,220,260],"log":[34,37,58,74,93,167,224,290],"line":[38,59],"clustering,":[39],"which":[40,118,169,200,264],"allows":[41],"group":[43,222],"similar":[44,134],"events":[45],"detect":[48],"outliers,":[49],"malicious":[50],"clusters":[51,60],"changes":[53],"in":[54,86,173,251],"behavior.":[56],"However,":[57],"usually":[61],"lack":[62],"meaningful":[63],"descriptions":[64,85],"that":[65,90,128,158],"are":[66,119,156],"required":[67,157],"understand":[69],"the":[70,101,105,140,145,212,232,238,246,262,274,280,283,286,294,297],"information":[71,138,175],"provided":[72],"by":[73],"lines":[75,94,225],"within":[76,95],"cluster.":[78],"Template":[79],"generators":[80,155],"allow":[81,110],"produce":[83],"such":[84,147],"form":[87],"of":[88,104,112,144,165,214,223,231,248,282,288,296],"patterns":[89],"match":[91],"all":[92],"cluster":[97],"therefore":[99],"describe":[100],"common":[102],"features":[103],"lines.":[106],"Current":[107],"approaches":[108],"only":[109],"generation":[111],"token-based":[113],"(e.g.,":[114],"space-separated":[115],"words)":[116],"templates,":[117,199],"often":[120],"inaccurate,":[121],"because":[122],"they":[123],"do":[124],"not":[125],"recognize":[126],"words":[127],"can":[129,170,265],"be":[130,171,266],"spelled":[131],"differently":[132],"as":[133,148],"require":[136],"further":[137],"on":[139,293],"structure":[141],"syntax":[143],"data,":[146,168],"predefined":[149],"delimiters.":[150],"Consequently,":[151],"novel":[152,194],"character-based":[153,198,234],"template":[154],"provide":[159],"robust":[160],"templates":[161],"any":[163],"type":[164],"computer":[166],"applied":[172],"event":[177],"management":[178],"(SIEM)":[179],"solutions,":[180],"continuous":[182],"auditing,":[183],"quality":[184,295],"inspection":[185],"control.":[187],"In":[188],"this":[189,208],"paper,":[190],"we":[191,210,278],"propose":[192],"approach":[195,250],"computing":[197],"combines":[201],"comparison-based":[202],"methods":[203],"heuristics.":[205],"To":[206],"achieve":[207],"goal,":[209],"solve":[211],"problem":[213],"efficiently":[215],"calculating":[216],"multi-line":[218],"alignment":[219],"compute":[227],"accurate":[229],"approximation":[230],"optimal":[233],"template,":[235],"while":[236],"reducing":[237],"runtime":[239],"from":[240,269],"$O(n^m)$":[241],"$O(mn^2)$.":[243],"We":[244],"demonstrate":[245],"accuracy":[247],"our":[249],"detailed":[253],"evaluation,":[254],"applying":[255],"newly":[257],"introduced":[258],"measure":[259],"accuracy,":[261],"Sim-Score,":[263],"computed":[267],"independently":[268],"ground":[271],"truth,":[272],"F-Score.":[276],"Furthermore,":[277],"assess":[279],"robustness":[281],"algorithm":[284],"influence":[287],"different":[289],"properties":[292],"resulting":[298],"templates.":[299]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3092191174","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2024-11-17T23:04:34.041152","created_date":"2020-10-15"}
