{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386108360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2023.3307790","title":"Renewable Energy in Data Centers: The Dilemma of Electrical Grid Dependency and Autonomy Costs","display_name":"Renewable Energy in Data Centers: The Dilemma of Electrical Grid Dependency and Autonomy Costs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386108360","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2023.3307790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2023.3307790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221417","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","issn_l":"2377-3782","issn":["2377-3782","2377-3790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173/document","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092683215","display_name":"Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5025-0707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wedan Emmanuel Gnibga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057919694","display_name":"Anne Blavette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-3178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146044","display_name":"\u00c9cole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/03rxtdc22","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146044","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136613","display_name":"Laboratoire des syst\u00e8mes et applications des technologies de l'information et de l'\u00e9nergie","ror":"https://ror.org/03vam5b06","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11559806","https://openalex.org/I124158823","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210134562","https://openalex.org/I4210136613","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I4210154111"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne Blavette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Rennes, ENS Rennes, CNRS, SATIE Lab, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Rennes, ENS Rennes, CNRS, SATIE Lab, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146044","https://openalex.org/I4210136613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067850624","display_name":"Anne\u2010C\u00e9cile Orgerie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0727-965X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802519937","display_name":"Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Syst\u00e8mes Al\u00e9atoires","ror":"https://ror.org/00myn0z94","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I2802204017","https://openalex.org/I2802519937","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I4210127572","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anne-C\u00e9cile Orgerie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Rennes, Inria, CNRS, IRISA, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802519937"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.641,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999981,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":91},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"315","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9939,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778496695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254128","display_name":"Dilemma","level":2,"score":0.837367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19768560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320727","display_name":"Dependency (UML)","level":2,"score":0.7499566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.71612287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6636947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.5513947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.50183344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4306484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.26472336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24201578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20942435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13290936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.11322242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09861162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tsusc.2023.3307790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210221417","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing","issn_l":"2377-3782","issn":["2377-3782","2377-3790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173/document","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173/file/Decorus_paper.pdf","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173/file/Decorus_paper.pdf","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04189173/document","source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320313934","funder_display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique (INRIA)","award_id":null}],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496637959","https://openalex.org/W1986800449","https://openalex.org/W2091332674","https://openalex.org/W2119541875","https://openalex.org/W2120881346","https://openalex.org/W2139762181","https://openalex.org/W2144180575","https://openalex.org/W2192235994","https://openalex.org/W2609277611","https://openalex.org/W2625793149","https://openalex.org/W2794967247","https://openalex.org/W2887798869","https://openalex.org/W2892455960","https://openalex.org/W2897309820","https://openalex.org/W2924711808","https://openalex.org/W2963114049","https://openalex.org/W2963155200","https://openalex.org/W2972219271","https://openalex.org/W3000090293","https://openalex.org/W3009668334","https://openalex.org/W3031279185","https://openalex.org/W3034735433","https://openalex.org/W3120912524","https://openalex.org/W3124559709","https://openalex.org/W3159544628","https://openalex.org/W3168201992","https://openalex.org/W3184458682","https://openalex.org/W3187436598","https://openalex.org/W3191480387","https://openalex.org/W3192953634","https://openalex.org/W3203436858","https://openalex.org/W3215168403","https://openalex.org/W4200188340","https://openalex.org/W4226311494","https://openalex.org/W4235994973","https://openalex.org/W4315567819","https://openalex.org/W4360995616"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4252373333","https://openalex.org/W2475524763","https://openalex.org/W2387460998","https://openalex.org/W2386467653","https://openalex.org/W2363851383","https://openalex.org/W2356631479","https://openalex.org/W2354517252","https://openalex.org/W2350209916","https://openalex.org/W1811296007","https://openalex.org/W1498834754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integrating":[0],"larger":[1],"shares":[2],"of":[3,92,101,117,130,153],"renewables":[4],"in":[5,148,194],"data":[6,105],"centers'":[7],"electrical":[8,70],"mix":[9],"is":[10],"mandatory":[11],"to":[12,84,97,113,126,139,158,178],"reduce":[13],"their":[14,141],"carbon":[15],"footprint.":[16],"However,":[17],"as":[18],"they":[19],"are":[20,82],"intermittent":[21],"and":[22,32,49,74,124,138,164],"fluctuating,":[23],"renewable":[24,47,63],"energies":[25],"alone":[26,73],"cannot":[27],"provide":[28],"a":[29,37,179,190],"24/7":[30],"supply":[31],"should":[33],"be":[34,159],"combined":[35,66],"with":[36,61,68,76],"secondary":[38],"source.":[39],"Finding":[40],"the":[41,69,87,99,111,115,121,128,135,149,154,162,168,171,186],"optimal":[42],"infrastructure":[43,89],"configuration":[44],"for":[45],"both":[46],"production":[48],"financial":[50],"costs":[51],"remains":[52],"difficult.":[53],"In":[54,167],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57],"examine":[58],"three":[59],"scenarios":[60],"on-site":[62],"energy":[64],"sources":[65],"respectively":[67],"grid,":[71,112],"batteries":[72,75],"hydrogen":[77,175],"storage":[78,176],"systems.":[79],"The":[80],"objectives":[81],"first,":[83],"size":[85],"optimally":[86],"electric":[88],"using":[90],"combinations":[91],"standard":[93],"microgrids":[94],"approaches,":[95],"secondly":[96],"quantify":[98],"level":[100,116],"grid":[102,122,163],"utilization":[103],"when":[104],"centers":[106],"consume/":[107],"export":[108],"electricity":[109,156,187],"from/to":[110],"determine":[114],"effort":[118],"required":[119],"from":[120,189],"operator,":[123],"finally":[125],"analyze":[127],"cost":[129,181],"100%":[131],"autonomy":[132],"provided":[133],"by":[134],"battery-based":[136],"configurations":[137],"discuss":[140],"economical":[142],"viability.":[143],"Our":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"grid-dependent":[150],"mode,":[151],"63.1%":[152],"generated":[155],"has":[157],"injected":[160],"into":[161],"retrieved":[165],"later.":[166],"autonomous":[169],"configurations,":[170],"cheapest":[172],"one":[173],"including":[174],"leads":[177],"unit":[180],"significantly":[182],"more":[183],"expensive":[184],"than":[185],"supplied":[188],"national":[191],"power":[192],"system":[193],"many":[195],"countries.":[196]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4386108360","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-12-09T22:05:30.562459","created_date":"2023-08-24"}
