{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1977210503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743976","title":"Offline recognition of handwritten Chinese characters using Gabor features, CDHMM modeling and MCE training","display_name":"Offline recognition of handwritten Chinese characters using Gabor features, CDHMM modeling and MCE training","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1977210503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743976","mag":"1977210503"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"proceedings-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050609316","display_name":"Yong Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9630-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039662070","display_name":"Qiang Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2464-6482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, The University of Hong Kong, Pokftilam Road, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, The University of Hong Kong, Pokftilam Road, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027223448","display_name":"Zhidan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3364-5396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Dan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, The University of Hong Kong, Pokftilam Road, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science & Information Systems, The University of Hong Kong, Pokftilam Road, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.711,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":86,"max":87},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":null,"first_page":"I","last_page":"1056"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition and Text Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition and Text Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Shape Matching and Object Recognition","score":0.9957,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Automated Reconstruction of Fragmented Objects","score":0.9927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphanumeric","display_name":"Alphanumeric","score":0.67438793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ocr-engine","display_name":"OCR Engine","score":0.559846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition","score":0.557152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.46895877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7492872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781003394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q737372","display_name":"Alphanumeric","level":2,"score":0.67438793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.65768915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6570753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.59487766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5379025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5256161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.50423086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46895877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.45680258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.45233157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4491489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61423126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187432","display_name":"Scripting language","level":2,"score":0.44771165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3592985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.118961126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2002.5743976","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607879","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.69,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1756033901","https://openalex.org/W1860091402","https://openalex.org/W1978700732","https://openalex.org/W1990002148","https://openalex.org/W2025169346","https://openalex.org/W2092858021","https://openalex.org/W2095757522","https://openalex.org/W2103158858","https://openalex.org/W2116702966","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2129318848","https://openalex.org/W2136549839","https://openalex.org/W2143060414","https://openalex.org/W2149319679","https://openalex.org/W2152051032","https://openalex.org/W2158289097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2892492151","https://openalex.org/W2507454043","https://openalex.org/W2461009308","https://openalex.org/W2322679734","https://openalex.org/W2236176244","https://openalex.org/W2128614195","https://openalex.org/W2049379968","https://openalex.org/W2048515600","https://openalex.org/W2048396828","https://openalex.org/W1979637215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We've":[0],"been":[1],"developing":[2],"a":[3,16,56,150],"Chinese":[4,9,25,66,80,134],"OCR":[5,13,67],"engine":[6,14],"for":[7,77,122,132,152],"handwritten":[8],"scripts.":[10],"Currently,":[11],"our":[12,44,96],"supports":[15],"vocabulary":[17],"of":[18,51,59,75,108,120,130,145],"4616":[19],"characters":[20,26,81,135],"which":[21],"include":[22],"4516":[23],"simplified":[24],"in":[27,82,95],"GB2312-80,":[28],"62":[29],"alphanumeric":[30],"characters,":[31],"38":[32],"punctuation":[33],"marks":[34],"and":[35,111,125,139,142],"symbols.":[36],"By":[37],"using":[38],"1,384,800":[39],"character":[40,48,61],"samples":[41],"to":[42,100],"train":[43],"recognizer,":[45],"an":[46,73],"averaged":[47],"recognition":[49,103],"accuracy":[50,74],"96.34%":[52],"is":[53],"achieved":[54],"on":[55,69],"testing":[57,85],"set":[58],"1,025,535":[60],"samples.":[62],"An":[63],"arguably":[64],"best":[65],"product":[68],"the":[70,78,83,101,106,118,128,143],"market":[71],"achieves":[72],"94.07%":[76],"recognizable":[79],"above":[84],"set.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90],"describe":[91],"key":[92],"techniques":[93],"used":[94],"recognizer":[97],"that":[98],"contribute":[99],"high":[102],"accuracy,":[104],"namely":[105],"use":[107,119,129,144],"Gabor":[109],"features":[110],"their":[112],"spatial":[113],"derivatives":[114],"as":[115,149],"raw":[116],"features,":[117],"LDA":[121],"feature":[123],"extraction":[124],"dimension":[126],"reduction,":[127],"CDHMMs":[131],"modeling":[133],"along":[136],"both":[137],"horizontal":[138],"vertical":[140],"directions,":[141],"minimum":[146],"classification":[147],"error":[148],"criterion":[151],"model":[153],"training.":[154]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1977210503","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2024-09-25T01:32:03.588790","created_date":"2016-06-24"}