{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080282122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8191(98)00064-7","title":"Computing requirements of modern medical diagnostic ultrasound machines","display_name":"Computing requirements of modern medical diagnostic ultrasound machines","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080282122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8191(98)00064-7","mag":"2080282122"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8191(98)00064-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112708030","display_name":"Parallel Computing","issn_l":"0167-8191","issn":["0167-8191","1872-7336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002847804","display_name":"Chris Basoglu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Basoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005897222","display_name":"Ravi Managuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-7434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravi Managuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060755922","display_name":"George York","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George York","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616252","display_name":"Yongmin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1029-8096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongmin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Image Computing Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Box 352500, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2680,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2680,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.542,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"ngrams","cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.903424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":89},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"9-10","first_page":"1407","last_page":"1431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.9882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Advances in Ultrasound Elastography Imaging Techniques","score":0.986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Image Compression Techniques and Standards","score":0.9726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound-elastography","display_name":"Ultrasound Elastography","score":0.50287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.69804513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5033421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.43452573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.41747093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4124629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.39836714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.37316796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09175894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8191(98)00064-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112708030","display_name":"Parallel Computing","issn_l":"0167-8191","issn":["0167-8191","1872-7336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W1894011576","https://openalex.org/W1969801834","https://openalex.org/W1974839017","https://openalex.org/W1976612446","https://openalex.org/W1991200362","https://openalex.org/W1996292456","https://openalex.org/W2008141808","https://openalex.org/W2008457809","https://openalex.org/W2023522593","https://openalex.org/W2035103326","https://openalex.org/W2042875676","https://openalex.org/W2047071786","https://openalex.org/W2052724555","https://openalex.org/W2056684187","https://openalex.org/W2056723543","https://openalex.org/W2070054424","https://openalex.org/W2072596323","https://openalex.org/W2072681792","https://openalex.org/W2088869937","https://openalex.org/W2092720299","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2118490404","https://openalex.org/W2118585633","https://openalex.org/W2118595414","https://openalex.org/W2127711920","https://openalex.org/W2134081409","https://openalex.org/W2139340904","https://openalex.org/W2141970397","https://openalex.org/W2147330316","https://openalex.org/W2149275333","https://openalex.org/W2153463785","https://openalex.org/W2158007295","https://openalex.org/W2165089500","https://openalex.org/W2406045738","https://openalex.org/W3112885076","https://openalex.org/W4238317262","https://openalex.org/W4249254950","https://openalex.org/W4251324778","https://openalex.org/W44343267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W2889616422","https://openalex.org/W2757182831","https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2136583354","https://openalex.org/W2095886385","https://openalex.org/W2089704382","https://openalex.org/W1838576100","https://openalex.org/W121182129"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0,194],"is":[1,11,141],"one":[2],"of":[3,80,83,98,132,169,175],"the":[4,84,99,133,173,192,199,207,240,254],"leading":[5],"medical":[6],"imaging":[7,65],"modalities":[8],"because":[9],"it":[10,224],"safe,":[12],"noninvasive,":[13],"portable,":[14],"easy":[15],"to":[16,26,36,56,90,137,210,228],"use,":[17],"relatively":[18],"inexpensive":[19],"and":[20,44,78,106,127,155,185,220],"displays":[21],"images":[22],"in":[23,47,102,111,153,163,206],"real-time.":[24],"Due":[25],"its":[27,38],"real-time":[28],"nature,":[29],"an":[30,88],"ultrasound":[31,49,64,104,139,178,188,203,246],"machine":[32],"must":[33],"be":[34,226,250],"able":[35],"process":[37],"incoming":[39],"data":[40],"quickly.":[41],"High":[42],"computational":[43,109],"throughput":[45],"requirements":[46,110],"modern":[48,103],"machines":[50,105,140,204],"have":[51,95,181],"restricted":[52],"their":[53,108],"internal":[54,71],"design":[55],"algorithm-specific":[57],"hardware":[58,76],"with":[59],"limited":[60],"programmability.":[61],"Adding":[62],"new":[63],"applications":[66],"or":[67,82],"improving":[68],"a":[69,183,232],"machine's":[70],"algorithms":[72,247],"can":[73,249],"require":[74],"costly":[75],"redesigns":[77],"replacements":[79],"boards":[81],"entire":[85],"machine.":[86],"In":[87],"effort":[89],"address":[91],"these":[92],"problems,":[93],"we":[94,180],"reviewed":[96],"each":[97],"essential":[100],"functions":[101,115,150,160],"analyzed":[107],"programmable":[112,176,187,202],"systems.":[113],"These":[114],"include":[116],"dynamic":[117],"downconversion,":[118],"tissue":[119],"signal":[120],"processing,":[121,124],"color":[122],"flow":[123],"scan":[125],"conversion,":[126],"tissue/flow":[128],"decision.":[129],"Our":[130],"estimate":[131],"total":[134],"computing":[135,241],"requirement":[136],"current":[138],"54.71":[142],"billion":[143],"operations":[144],"per":[145],"second":[146],"(BOPS)":[147],"when":[148,158],"transcendental":[149,159],"are":[151,161],"implemented":[152,162],"software":[154],"31.26":[156],"BOPS":[157],"lookup":[164],"tables":[165],"taking":[166],"160.26":[167],"Mbytes":[168],"memory.":[170],"To":[171],"investigate":[172],"feasibility":[174],"generalized":[177],"systems,":[179],"designed":[182],"flexible":[184],"parallel":[186,236,255],"processing":[189],"subsystem,":[190],"called":[191],"Programmable":[193],"Image":[195],"Processor":[196],"(PUIP).":[197],"As":[198],"need":[200],"for":[201],"increases":[205],"future":[208],"due":[209],"various":[211],"advantages":[212],"(e.g.,":[213],"lower":[214,221],"system":[215],"cost,":[216],"faster":[217],"clinical":[218],"use":[219],"research/development":[222],"expenses),":[223],"will":[225],"crucial":[227],"develop":[229],"not":[230],"only":[231],"high-performance,":[233],"scalable,":[234],"reconfigurable":[235],"computer":[237],"architecture":[238],"meeting":[239],"requirement,":[242],"but":[243],"also":[244],"efficient":[245],"that":[248],"optimally":[251],"mapped":[252],"into":[253],"architecture.":[256]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2080282122","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2024-10-08T13:30:03.830633","created_date":"2016-06-24"}