{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2794973555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","title":"Referrals and information flow in networks increase discrimination: A laboratory experiment","display_name":"Referrals and information flow in networks increase discrimination: A laboratory experiment","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2794973555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","mag":"2794973555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26186134","display_name":"Social Networks","issn_l":"0378-8733","issn":["0378-8733","1879-2111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015566794","display_name":"K\u00e1roly Tak\u00e1cs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9126-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137611","display_name":"Centre for Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/0492k9x16","country_code":"HU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137611","https://openalex.org/I7597260"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K\u00e1roly Tak\u00e1cs","raw_affiliation_strings":["MTA TK \"Lend\u00fclet\" Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (RECENS), Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, T\u00f3th K\u00e1lm\u00e1n u. 4., 1097 Budapest, Hungary"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MTA TK \"Lend\u00fclet\" Research Center for Educational and Network Studies (RECENS), Centre for Social Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, T\u00f3th K\u00e1lm\u00e1n u. 4., 1097 Budapest, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079929906","display_name":"Giangiacomo Bravo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2837-0137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223464139","display_name":"Linnaeus University","ror":"https://ror.org/00j9qag85","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giangiacomo Bravo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social Studies and Centre for Data Intensive Sciences and Applications, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 35195 V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social Studies and Centre for Data Intensive Sciences and Applications, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, 35195 V\u00e4xj\u00f6, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223464139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041856505","display_name":"Flaminio Squazzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6503-6077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flaminio Squazzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Via San Faustino 74B, 25122 Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics and Management, University of Brescia, Via San Faustino 74B, 25122 Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015566794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137611"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690,"provenance":"doaj"},"fwci":3.563,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.911246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":85,"max":86},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":null,"first_page":"254","last_page":"265"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Labor Market Discrimination and Inequality in Employment","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Labor Market Discrimination and Inequality in Employment","score":0.9969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10646","display_name":"Social Preferences and Economic Behavior","score":0.993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor Market Dynamics and Inequality","score":0.9898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"Information flow","score":0.6156235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-polarization","display_name":"Job Polarization","score":0.565753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiring","display_name":"Hiring","score":0.526856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"Discrimination","score":0.501731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-biased","display_name":"Skill-Biased","score":0.500408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.6685236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6202337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779136372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002","display_name":"Information flow","level":2,"score":0.6156235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.52052295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4830535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.36561614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.35406196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3443911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2707575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2468543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.106108904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26186134","display_name":"Social Networks","issn_l":"0378-8733","issn":["0378-8733","1879-2111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11379/507019","pdf_url":"https://iris.unibs.it/bitstream/11379/507019/1/TakacsBravoSquazzoni2018DiscriminationNetworksExperiment.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Milano-Bicocca"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/625944","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/625944/1/TakacsBravoSquazzoni2018DiscriminationNetworksExperiment.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Milan"],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://real.mtak.hu/87169/1/1-s2.0-S0378873317303088-main.pdf","pdf_url":"http://real.mtak.hu/87169/1/1-s2.0-S0378873317303088-main.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400081","display_name":"Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210140733","host_organization_name":"Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140733"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Library and Information Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26186134","display_name":"Social Networks","issn_l":"0378-8733","issn":["0378-8733","1879-2111"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.56}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":130,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495791997","https://openalex.org/W1500237149","https://openalex.org/W1504077369","https://openalex.org/W1509742357","https://openalex.org/W1529339046","https://openalex.org/W1540648136","https://openalex.org/W1550221706","https://openalex.org/W1552120725","https://openalex.org/W1564657945","https://openalex.org/W1572834885","https://openalex.org/W1581396473","https://openalex.org/W1582840427","https://openalex.org/W1583888641","https://openalex.org/W1585959300","https://openalex.org/W1678230585","https://openalex.org/W1791299543","https://openalex.org/W1791982492","https://openalex.org/W1911711584","https://openalex.org/W1946657617","https://openalex.org/W1966472199","https://openalex.org/W1970692357","https://openalex.org/W1973400043","https://openalex.org/W1984744191","https://openalex.org/W1986903447","https://openalex.org/W1988744596","https://openalex.org/W1989388297","https://openalex.org/W1991289380","https://openalex.org/W1993865115","https://openalex.org/W1997863459","https://openalex.org/W1998095887","https://openalex.org/W2010695531","https://openalex.org/W2011472147","https://openalex.org/W2012078722","https://openalex.org/W2012548127","https://openalex.org/W2018624819","https://openalex.org/W2034034530","https://openalex.org/W2037837646","https://openalex.org/W2041038992","https://openalex.org/W2049353094","https://openalex.org/W2049863551","https://openalex.org/W2055447789","https://openalex.org/W2057148055","https://openalex.org/W2057357967","https://openalex.org/W2058401504","https://openalex.org/W2066314985","https://openalex.org/W2067516326","https://openalex.org/W2067831995","https://openalex.org/W2069737623","https://openalex.org/W2078445385","https://openalex.org/W2079519888","https://openalex.org/W2079524277","https://openalex.org/W2079653972","https://openalex.org/W2080888202","https://openalex.org/W2081040435","https://openalex.org/W2084116113","https://openalex.org/W2084416618","https://openalex.org/W2085355170","https://openalex.org/W2087071040","https://openalex.org/W2093929429","https://openalex.org/W2097430971","https://openalex.org/W2098415357","https://openalex.org/W2101856657","https://openalex.org/W2105963964","https://openalex.org/W2109469951","https://openalex.org/W2110983005","https://openalex.org/W2112133199","https://openalex.org/W2114527005","https://openalex.org/W2116743346","https://openalex.org/W2117089419","https://openalex.org/W2119224570","https://openalex.org/W2119447893","https://openalex.org/W2122309512","https://openalex.org/W2122481159","https://openalex.org/W2125782352","https://openalex.org/W2126179497","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2133393751","https://openalex.org/W2136162107","https://openalex.org/W2140088292","https://openalex.org/W2144758993","https://openalex.org/W2148962857","https://openalex.org/W2149582487","https://openalex.org/W2149961401","https://openalex.org/W2152834818","https://openalex.org/W2154672800","https://openalex.org/W2157583925","https://openalex.org/W2158633966","https://openalex.org/W2160354983","https://openalex.org/W2163180165","https://openalex.org/W2163495370","https://openalex.org/W2166061111","https://openalex.org/W2166419971","https://openalex.org/W2167228496","https://openalex.org/W2168419630","https://openalex.org/W2170940217","https://openalex.org/W2188741961","https://openalex.org/W2203723372","https://openalex.org/W2221507320","https://openalex.org/W2308681082","https://openalex.org/W2316800896","https://openalex.org/W2322591733","https://openalex.org/W2326232929","https://openalex.org/W2338956783","https://openalex.org/W2569321910","https://openalex.org/W2577893459","https://openalex.org/W2616917764","https://openalex.org/W2745547123","https://openalex.org/W2765195368","https://openalex.org/W286295083","https://openalex.org/W2904798609","https://openalex.org/W2943906620","https://openalex.org/W3122551742","https://openalex.org/W3123058307","https://openalex.org/W3123985417","https://openalex.org/W3124015057","https://openalex.org/W3124211044","https://openalex.org/W3125642492","https://openalex.org/W31886042","https://openalex.org/W386349599","https://openalex.org/W4210897217","https://openalex.org/W4234374337","https://openalex.org/W4243739157","https://openalex.org/W4244980072","https://openalex.org/W4247118947","https://openalex.org/W424790250","https://openalex.org/W4249247059","https://openalex.org/W4253260352","https://openalex.org/W574024287","https://openalex.org/W633048836","https://openalex.org/W967378438"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W745499956","https://openalex.org/W3003915767","https://openalex.org/W2444281417","https://openalex.org/W2406407882","https://openalex.org/W2388615687","https://openalex.org/W2380805646","https://openalex.org/W2349472529","https://openalex.org/W2102017277","https://openalex.org/W2037333153","https://openalex.org/W1998079108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Referrals":[0],"and":[1,81,142],"information":[2,20,31,47,120],"flow":[3,32,121],"distort":[4],"market":[5,58],"mechanisms":[6,139],"of":[7,70,79,85,106,114,126],"hiring":[8,87],"in":[9,21,35,59,95,122,146],"the":[10,77,83,101,104,112],"labor":[11,57],"market,":[12],"but":[13],"they":[14],"might":[15],"assist":[16],"employers":[17,34,80,102,127],"under":[18],"asymmetric":[19],"finding":[22],"better":[23],"alternatives.":[24],"This":[25],"paper":[26],"investigates":[27],"whether":[28],"an":[29,55],"impartial":[30,119],"between":[33,50,67],"a":[36,123],"cyclic":[37,124],"network":[38,125],"structure":[39],"could":[40],"generate":[41],"more":[42],"discrimination":[43,92,109],"than":[44],"when":[45],"no":[46,63],"is":[48],"exchanged":[49],"employers.":[51],"We":[52,72,134],"set":[53],"up":[54],"artificial":[56],"which":[60],"there":[61],"was":[62,93],"average":[64],"quality":[65,105],"difference":[66],"two":[68],"categories":[69],"workers.":[71,117],"asked":[73],"participants":[74],"to":[75,131],"play":[76],"role":[78],"examined":[82],"partiality":[84],"their":[86],"choices.":[88],"Results":[89],"showed":[90,136],"that":[91,137],"prevalent":[94],"all":[96],"conditions.":[97],"Higher":[98],"standards":[99],"by":[100],"for":[103],"workers":[107],"increased":[108],"as":[110],"did":[111,128],"presence":[113],"referrals":[115],"from":[116],"Unexpectedly,":[118],"not":[129],"help":[130],"decrease":[132],"discrimination.":[133],"also":[135],"these":[138],"interact":[140],"with":[141],"subdue":[143],"each":[144],"other":[145],"complex":[147],"ways.":[148]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W2794973555","counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2024-09-30T13:44:50.625653","created_date":"2018-04-06"}