{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4213383362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12070-4","title":"RATNet: A deep learning model for Bengali handwritten characters recognition","display_name":"RATNet: A deep learning model for Bengali handwritten characters recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4213383362","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12070-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12070-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/937745/2/J23_RATNet_PostPrint.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059572045","display_name":"Md Shafiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9469-2041"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550324","display_name":"People's University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/00194tb08","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550324"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shafiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The People's University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The People's University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131550324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022817303","display_name":"Md Moklesur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7716-1318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131550324","display_name":"People's University of Bangladesh","ror":"https://ror.org/00194tb08","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131550324"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Moklesur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The People's University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The People's University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131550324"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079425599","display_name":"Md Hafizur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1981-6582"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Hafizur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054009456","display_name":"Massimo W. Rivolta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8553-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Walter Rivolta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064961287","display_name":"Md Aktaruzzaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-1434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40279923","display_name":"Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j1w0q97","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Aktaruzzaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"]}]}],"institution_assertions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064961287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40279923"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.452,"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.999942,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":91},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"8","first_page":"10631","last_page":"10651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition and Text Detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition and Text Detection","score":0.9999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Automatic License Plate Recognition System","score":0.9892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Multi-label Text Classification in Machine Learning","score":0.9755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numeral-system","display_name":"Numeral system","score":0.57240325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting Recognition","score":0.546572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-segmentation","display_name":"Character Segmentation","score":0.544945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.54181373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-detection","display_name":"Text Detection","score":0.523906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-text-recognition","display_name":"Scene Text Recognition","score":0.505399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.4682905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.46178252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.8938939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79490006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6929164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204160518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122653","display_name":"Numeral system","level":2,"score":0.57240325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.54181373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48913863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.4682905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4644838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.46178252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4410351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4401494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42597318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.39703146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11931488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11064744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12070-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110206669","display_name":"Multimedia Tools and Applications","issn_l":"1380-7501","issn":["1380-7501","1573-7721"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/937745","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/937745/2/J23_RATNet_PostPrint.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Milan"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/937745","pdf_url":"https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/937745/2/J23_RATNet_PostPrint.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Milan"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.66,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"grants":[],"datasets":[],"versions":[],"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1936422054","https://openalex.org/W1948751323","https://openalex.org/W1963855343","https://openalex.org/W1986216697","https://openalex.org/W1989725585","https://openalex.org/W2016018404","https://openalex.org/W2023576919","https://openalex.org/W2060580591","https://openalex.org/W2081266874","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2135306864","https://openalex.org/W2138270545","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2562971919","https://openalex.org/W2571065915","https://openalex.org/W2589608290","https://openalex.org/W2592852541","https://openalex.org/W2599607255","https://openalex.org/W2742342963","https://openalex.org/W2789342152","https://openalex.org/W2800240267","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2901083258","https://openalex.org/W2938151613","https://openalex.org/W2963123666","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2975652112","https://openalex.org/W2990832779","https://openalex.org/W3093195905","https://openalex.org/W3108339833","https://openalex.org/W3140442084","https://openalex.org/W4255885846","https://openalex.org/W4283689593","https://openalex.org/W4294214983","https://openalex.org/W755956977"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237235066","https://openalex.org/W3127016596","https://openalex.org/W2895890526","https://openalex.org/W2891680725","https://openalex.org/W2365973415","https://openalex.org/W2084490135","https://openalex.org/W207884067","https://openalex.org/W2026539069","https://openalex.org/W2023411871","https://openalex.org/W1997886197"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,146,161,206],"Bengali":[1,136],"language":[2],"is":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5,101,133,168,232],"a":[6,99,120],"set":[7],"of":[8,21,34,59,81,104,148,156,163,186,202,224,240],"symbols":[9],"for":[10,62,111,126,221],"basic":[11,23,226],"characters,":[12,15,106,115,227],"modifiers,":[13,228],"compound":[14,35,70,105,114,204,230],"and":[16,25,37,57,89,113,116,138,159,172,195,217,229],"numerals.":[17],"recognition":[19,32,223],"rates":[20,33],"handwritten":[22],"characters":[24,36,71,84,127,139,150,231],"numerals":[26],"are":[27,39,68],"very":[28,74],"high.":[29],"However,":[30],"the":[31,92,102,169,184,222,233,238],"modifiers":[38,112],"still":[40],"poor.":[41],"This":[42],"might":[43],"be":[44],"due":[45,245],"to":[46,246],"their":[47],"large":[48],"class":[49,87],"size":[50],"with":[51,140,191],"huge":[52],"writing":[53],"styles,":[54],"much":[55],"similarity,":[56],"unavailability":[58],"sufficient":[60],"data":[61],"deep":[63,122],"learning.":[64],"In":[65,94,182],"fact,":[66],"there":[67],"some":[69],"which":[72],"appear":[73],"rare":[75],"in":[76],"practice.":[77],"A":[78,129],"proper":[79],"selection":[80],"frequently":[82],"used":[83],"may":[85],"reduce":[86],"size,":[88],"hence":[90],"improving":[91],"accuracy.":[93],"this":[95],"study,":[96],"we":[97,107,118],"performed":[98,132],"statistics":[100,130],"frequency":[103,141],"developed":[108],"two":[109,134],"datasets":[110,171,177],"finally":[117],"proposed":[119,170,207],"heterogeneous":[121],"learning":[123],"model":[124,165,209],"(RATNet)":[125],"recognition.":[128],"was":[131,151,166,188],"daily":[135],"newspapers,":[137],"\u2265":[142],"5%":[143],"were":[144],"selected.":[145],"handwriting":[147],"selected":[149,199],"collected":[152],"from":[153],"130":[154],"writers":[155],"different":[157],"ages":[158],"professions.":[160],"performance":[162,185],"RATNet":[164,187,208],"evaluated":[167],"also":[173,189],"three":[174],"other":[175,211],"existing":[176],"(i.e.,":[178],"ISI,":[179],"CMATERdb,":[180],"BanglaLekha-Isolated).":[181],"addition,":[183],"compared":[190],"LeNet-5,":[192],"VGG-16,":[193],"ResNet-50,":[194],"DenseNet-121":[196],"models.":[197],"We":[198],"87":[200],"out":[201],"107":[203],"characters.":[205],"outperforms":[210],"models":[212],"providing":[213],"99.66%,":[214],"99.27%,":[215],"98.78%,":[216],"97.70%":[218],"accuracy,":[219],"respectively":[220],"numerals,":[225],"CMATERdb":[234],"dataset":[235],"while":[236],"keeping":[237],"number":[239],"parameters":[241],"relatively":[242],"low":[243],"likely":[244],"layer":[247],"heterogeneity.":[248]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W4213383362","counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2024-11-05T15:54:48.883249","created_date":"2022-02-24"}