{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T04:22:22Z","timestamp":1726806142853},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China National Key Laboratory on Ship Vibration and Noise Fund Program","award":["JCKY2024207CI06"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In order to achieve impact load localization of complex structures such as ships, this paper proposes a multi-scale feature fusion convolutional neural network (MSFF-CNN) method for impact load localization. An end-to-end machine learning model is used, where the raw vibration signals of impact loads are directly fed into the network model to avoid the process of feature extraction. Automatic feature learning and feature concatenation of the signal are achieved through four independent convolutional layers, each using a different size of convolutional kernel. Data normalization and L2 regularization techniques are introduced to enhance the data and prevent overfitting. Classification and localization of impact loads are accomplished using a softmax classification layer. Validation experiments are carried out using a ship\u2019s stern compartment model. Our results show that the classification and localization accuracy of the impact load sample group of MSFF-CNN reaches 94.29% compared with a traditional CNN. The method further improves the ability of the network to extract state features, takes local perception and global vision into account, effectively improves the classification ability of the model, and has good prospects for engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24186060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T13:23:04Z","timestamp":1726752184000},"page":"6060","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact Load Localization Based on Multi-Scale Feature Fusion Convolutional Neural Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shiji","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vibration and Noise, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise on Ship, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Xiufeng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vibration and Noise, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise on Ship, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Rongwu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vibration and Noise, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise on Ship, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vibration and Noise, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise on Ship, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]},{"given":"Guo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vibration and Noise, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"},{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Vibration and Noise on Ship, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Zheng, H. 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