{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,27]],"date-time":"2024-02-27T09:57:23Z","timestamp":1709027843457},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province","award":["20210202051NC","20200403140SF"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"In order to rapidly and accurately monitor cadmium contamination in lettuce and understand the growth conditions of lettuce under cadmium pollution, lettuce is used as the test material. Under different concentrations of cadmium stress and at different growth stages, relative chlorophyll content of lettuce leaves, the cadmium content in the leaves, and the visible-near infrared reflectance spectra are detected and analyzed. An inversion model of the cadmium content and relative chlorophyll content in the lettuce leaves is established. The results indicate that cadmium concentrations of 1 mg\/kg and 5 mg\/kg promote relative chlorophyll content, while concentrations of 10 mg\/kg and 20 mg\/kg inhibit relative chlorophyll content. The cadmium content in the leaves increases with increasing cadmium concentrations. Cadmium stress caused a \u201cblue shift\u201d in the red edge position only during the mature period, while the red valley position underwent a \u201cblue shift\u201d during the seedling and growth periods and a \u201cred shift\u201d during the mature period. The green peak position exhibited a \u201cblue shift\u201d. After model validation, it was found that the model constructed using the ratio of red edge area to yellow edge area and the normalized values of red edge area and yellow edge area effectively estimated the cadmium content in lettuce leaves. The model established using the normalized vegetation index of the red edge and the ratio of the peak green value to red shoulder amplitude can effectively estimate the relative chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves. This study demonstrates that the visible-near infrared spectroscopy technique holds great potential for monitoring cadmium contamination and estimating chlorophyll content in lettuce.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s23239562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T15:39:48Z","timestamp":1701445188000},"page":"9562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Analysis of Cadmium Contamination in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Using Visible-Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Leijinyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Lijuan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Jinsheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Jianlei","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Horticulture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Engineering and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.09.078","article-title":"Energy crops in sustainable phytoremediation","volume":"54","author":"Pandey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Renew. 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