{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,15]],"date-time":"2024-09-15T15:50:10Z","timestamp":1726415410847},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]],"date-time":"2021-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"High energy consumption, rising environmental concerns and depleting fossil fuels demand an increase in clean energy production. The enhanced resiliency, efficiency and reliability offered by microgrids with distributed energy resources (DERs) have shown to be a promising alternative to the conventional grid system. Large-sized commercial customers like institutional complexes have put significant efforts to promote sustainability by establishing renewable energy systems at university campuses. This paper proposes the integration of a photovoltaic (PV) system, energy storage system (ESS) and electric vehicles (EV) at a University campus. An optimal energy management system (EMS) is proposed to optimally dispatch the energy from available energy resources. The problem is mapped in a Linear optimization problem and simulations are carried out in MATLAB. Simulation results showed that the proposed EMS ensures the continuous power supply and decreases the energy consumption cost by nearly 45%. The impact of EV as a storage tool is also observed. EVs acting as a source of energy reduced the energy cost by 45.58% and as a load by 19.33%. The impact on the cost for continuous power supply in case of a power outage is also analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21217133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,28]],"date-time":"2021-10-28T03:24:42Z","timestamp":1635391482000},"page":"7133","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Optimal Scheduling of Campus Microgrid Considering the Electric Vehicle Integration in Smart Grid"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tehreem","family":"Nasir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9051-2832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safdar","family":"Raza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2110-3263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abrar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0866-4165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hafiz Abdul","family":"Muqeet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"Harun","family":"Jamil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju National University, Jejusi 63243, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9597-2387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faiza","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, Jejusi 63243, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9898-3898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omar","family":"Cheikhrouhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CES Laboratory, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8187-2286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fawaz","family":"Alassery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5320-1012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Habib","family":"Hamam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Moncton University, Moncton, NB E1A3E9, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2014.2359545","article-title":"Energy Storage Technologies: The Past and the Present","volume":"102","author":"Boicea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. 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