{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T16:11:39Z","timestamp":1726762299958},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615334400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["13N14161"],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"An electrically small patch antenna with a low-cost high-permittivity ceramic substrate material for use in a ground-penetrating radar is proposed in this work. The antenna is based on a commercial ceramic 915 MHz patch antenna with a size of 25 \u00d7 25 \u00d7 4 mm3 and a weight of 12.9 g. The influences of the main geometric parameters on the antenna\u2019s electromagnetic characteristics were comprehensively studied. Three bandwidth improvement techniques were sequentially applied to optimize the antenna: tuning the key geometric parameters, adding cuts on the edges, and adding parasitic radiators. The designed antenna operates at around 1.3 GHz and has more than 40 MHz continuous \u22123 dB bandwidth. In comparison to the original antenna, the \u22123 and \u22126 dB fractional bandwidth is improved by 1.8 times and 4 times, respectively. Two antennas of the proposed design together with a customized radar were installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for a quick search for survivors after earthquakes or gas explosions without exposing the rescue staff to the uncertain dangers of moving on the debris.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s21061930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]],"date-time":"2021-03-10T07:51:06Z","timestamp":1615362666000},"page":"1930","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Novel Electrically Small Ground-Penetrating Radar Patch Antenna with a Parasitic Ring for Respiration Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3987-6731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Taimur","family":"Aftab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-9056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gunnar","family":"Gidion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5068-8929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonhard M.","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Electrical Instrumentation, Department of Microsystems Engineering\u2014IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-K\u00f6hler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1774","article-title":"Design of a small size biquad-UWB-patch-antenna and signal processing for detecting respiration of trapped victims","volume":"2017","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Prog. 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