{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T00:35:13Z","timestamp":1715819713515},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Third Xinjiang Scientific Expedition Program","award":["2021xjkk1400"]},{"name":"Key R&D Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region","award":["2022B03021-2"]},{"name":"Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["42230708"]},{"name":"K.C.Wong Education Foundation","award":["GJTD-2020-14"]},{"name":"the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Hydrological Bureau","award":["XSKJ-2023-10"]},{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Disaster Comprehensive Monitoring and Early Warning Center","award":["2023000146"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"Mountain glaciers are considered natural indicators of warming and a device for climatic change. In addition, it is also a solid reservoir of freshwater resources. Along with climate change, clarifying the dynamic changes of glacier in the Aksu River Basin (ARB) are important for hydrological processes. The study examined the variations in glacier area, elevation, and their reaction to climate change in the ARB between 1990 and 2022. The glacier melt on the runoff is explored from 2003 to 2020. This investigation utilized Landsat and Sentinal-2 images, ICESat, CryoSat, meteorological and hydrological data. The findings suggest that: (1) The glacier area in the ARB retreated by 309.40 km2 (9.37%, 0.29%\u00b7a\u22121) from 1990 to 2022. From 2003 to 2021, the ARB glacier surface elevation retreat rate of 0.38 \u00b1 0.12 m\u00b7a\u22121 (0.32 \u00b1 0.10 m w.e.a\u22121). Comparison with 2003\u20132009, the retreat rate is faster from 2010 to 2021. (2) From 1990 to 2022, the Toxkan and the Kumalak River Basin\u2019s glacier area decreases between 61.28 km2 (0.28%\u00b7a\u22121) and 248.13 km2 (0.30%\u00b7a\u22121). Additionally, the rate of glacier surface elevation declined by \u22120.34 \u00b1 0.11 m\u00b7a\u22121, \u22120.42 \u00b1 0.14 m\u00b7a\u22121 from 2003 to 2021. (3) The mass balance sensitivities to cold season precipitation and ablation-phase accumulated temperatures are +0.27 \u00b1 0.08 m w.e.a\u22121(10%)\u22121 and \u22120.33 \u00b1 0.10 m w.e.a\u22121 \u00b0C\u22121, respectively. The mass loss is (962.55 \u00b1 0.57) \u00d7 106 m3 w.e.a\u22121, (1087.50 \u00b1 0.68) \u00d7 106 m3 w.e.a\u22121 during 2003\u20132009, 2010\u20132021 respectively. Warmer ablation-phase accumulated temperatures dominate glacier retreat in the ARB. (4) Glacier meltwater accounted for 34.57% and 41.56% of the Aksu River\u2019s runoff during the ablation-phase of 2003\u20132009 and 2010\u20132020, respectively. The research has important implications for maintaining the stability of water resource systems based on glacier meltwater.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16101751","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T15:31:52Z","timestamp":1715787112000},"page":"1751","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Glacier Changes from 1990 to 2022 in the Aksu River Basin, Western Tien Shan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6879-4818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"China-Pakistan Joint Research Centre on Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)-Higher Education Commission (HEC), Islamabad 45320, Pakistan"},{"name":"CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Sino-Belgian Joint Laboratory of Geo-Information, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"},{"name":"CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Disaster Comprehensive Monitoring and Early Warning Center, Urumqi 830011, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5302-7851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shamshodbek","family":"Akmalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China"},{"name":"Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers (TIIAME), National Research University, Tashkent 999033, Uzbekistan"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35458","DOI":"10.1038\/srep35458","article-title":"Changes in Central Asia\u2019s water tower: Past, present and future","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. 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