{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T11:57:08Z","timestamp":1726487828795},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangxi Talent Program","award":["900\/2120800004","DHTP2018001"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"abstract":"The first successful sand-control was achieved in the Mu Us Desert by local people in the 1950\u20131960s, and their experience and approach have been extended to the whole Ordos and Northern China since then. The objective of this paper is to assess comprehensively the effectiveness of sand-control in 15 counties in and around Mu Us using multitemporal satellite images and socioeconomic data. After atmospheric correction, Landsat TM and OLI images were harnessed for land cover classification based on the ground-truth data and for derivation of the GDVI (generalized difference vegetation index) to extract the biophysical changes of the managed desert and desertification. Climatic, socioeconomic, environmental and spatial factors were selected for coupling analysis by multiple linear and logistic regression models to reveal the driving forces of desertification and their spatial determinants. The results show that from 1991 to 2020, 8712 km2 or 63% of the desert has been converted into pastures and shrublands with a greenness increase of 0.3509 in GDVI; the effectiveness of sand-control is favored by the rational agropastoral activities and policies; though desertification occurs locally, it is associated with both climatic and socioeconomic factors, such as wind speed, precipitation, water availability, distance to roads and animal husbandry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14040837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T07:40:17Z","timestamp":1644565217000},"page":"837","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Assessment of the Effectiveness of Sand-Control and Desertification in the Mu Us Desert, China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5346-3170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6362-9840","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Jingheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Yecheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Cuimin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"given":"Qihong","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Digital Lands, Resources and Faculty of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2021, December 27). UNCCD, UNCCD Terminology. Available online: https:\/\/www.unccd.int."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Wu, W. (2003). Application de la Geomatique au Suivi de la Dynamique Environnementale en Zones Arides. [Doctoral Dissertation, Universit\u00e9 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne-Paris I]."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"The State Forestry Administration of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2009). Atlas of Desertified and Sandified Land in China, Science Press. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"8","article-title":"Desertification monitoring: Is the desert encroaching?","volume":"17","author":"Hellden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Desertif. Control. Bull"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1126\/science.253.5017.299","article-title":"Expansion and contraction of Sahara Desert from 1980 to 1990","volume":"253","author":"Tucker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02873147","article-title":"Present land use and cover patterns and their development potential in North Ningxia","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Geogr. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1080\/0143116031000095998","article-title":"Monitoring desertification and land degradation over sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"25","author":"Symeonakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"81","article-title":"Using remote sensing to assess impacts of land management policies in the Ordos rangelands in China","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Digit. Earth"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.146577","article-title":"Quantifying the influences of natural and human factors on the water footprint of afforestation in desert regions of northern China","volume":"780","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-1963(18)30648-7","article-title":"Monitoring the impact of desertification in western Rajasthan using remote sensing","volume":"22","author":"Kaushalya","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Arid. Environ."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1080\/01431169308953995","article-title":"Assessment of sand dune change detection in Rajasthan (Thar) Desert, India","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marini, A., and Talbi, M. (2009). Monitoring Land Degradation in Drylands by Remote Sensing. Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4020-8937-4"},{"key":"ref_13","first-page":"91","article-title":"A study for Desertification Monitoring and Assessment based on satellite imagery in Tunisia","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Geogr. Inf. Stud."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.374","article-title":"Dynamic monitoring of aeolian desertification based on multiple indicators in Horqin Sandy Land, China","volume":"650","author":"Duan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"110","article-title":"Desertification monitoring by LANDSAT TM satellite imagery","volume":"7","author":"Cui","year":"2011","journal-title":"For. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-005-4221-9","article-title":"Modeling desertification change in Minqin County, China","volume":"108","author":"Sun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1222","article-title":"A Review of Remote Sensing Monitoring and Quantitative Assessment of Aeolian Desertification (in Chinese with English abstract)","volume":"34","author":"Kang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Wang, X., Li, J., and Hua, T. (2020). Identifying the effect of climate change on desertification in northern China via trend analysis of potential evapotranspiration and precipitation. Ecol. Indic., 112.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106141"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/KEM.500.592","article-title":"Monitoring in Dynamic Change of Desertification in the Region of Central Asia Based on NOAA\/AVHRR Image","volume":"500","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"Key Eng. Mater."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamchin, M., Lee, W., Jeon, S.W., Lee, J., Song, C., Piao, D., Lim, C.H., Khaulenbek, A., and Navaandorj, I. (2017). Correlation between Desertification and Environmental Variables Using Remote Sensing Techniques in Hogno Khaan, Mongolia. Sustainability, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/su9040581"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2014.09.001","article-title":"Trend analysis of MODIS NDVI time series for detecting land degradation and regeneration in Mongolia","volume":"113","author":"Eckert","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Arid. Environ."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.3390\/rs6021211","article-title":"The Generalized Difference Vegetation Index (GDVI) for Dryland Characterization","volume":"6","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, L., Wu, W., Huang, X., Ou, P., Lin, Z., Wang, Z., Song, Y., Lang, T., Huangfu, W., and Zhang, Y. (2020). Mining and Restoration Monitoring of Rare Earth Element (REE) Exploitation by New Remote Sensing Indicators in Southern Jiangxi, China. Remote Sens., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12213558"},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"422","article-title":"Enhancing the performance of regional land cover mapping","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"European Commission (1999). Directorate-General for Research and Innovation. The Medalus Project: Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use: Manual on Key Indicators of Desertification and Mapping Environmentally Sensitive Areas to Desertification, Publications Office."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"European Space Agency (ESA) (2021, December 27). DesertWatch Project Final Report. Available online: http:\/\/due.esrin.esa.int\/files\/131-176-149-30_2009430103852.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"210","article-title":"Assessing environmentally sensitive land to desertification using MEDALUS method in Mongolia","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"For. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouhata, R., and Bensekhria, A. (2021). Adaptation of MEDALUS method for the analysis depicting desertification in Oued Labiod valley (Eastern Algeria). Arab. J. Geosci., 14.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-021-06679-2"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2021.115400","article-title":"Assessment of desertification using modified MEDALUS model in the north Nile Delta, Egypt","volume":"405","author":"Abuzaid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2016.05.017","article-title":"A spatial system dynamic model for regional desertification simulation\u2013A case study of Ordos, China","volume":"83","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Softw."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"233","article-title":"Spatial-temporal Evolution of Aeolian Desertification Process in Ordos City during 1975\u20132015 (in Chinese with English abstract)","volume":"38","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Desert Res."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"749","article-title":"Desertification and its driving factors in the Ordos Plateau from 1986 to 2015 (in Chiness with English abstract)","volume":"37","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arid. Zone Res."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107386","article-title":"Path analysis model to identify and analyse the causes of aeolian desertification in Mu Us Sandy Land, China","volume":"124","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122241","article-title":"Ecological restoration is the dominant driver of the recent reversal of desertification in the Mu Us Desert (China)","volume":"268","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2020.104203","article-title":"Land desertification and its influencing factors in Kazakhstan","volume":"180","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Arid. Environ."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2021.107404","article-title":"Driving factors of desertification in Qaidam Basin, China: An 18-year analysis using the geographic detector model","volume":"124","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envc.2021.100082","article-title":"Spatiotemporal change and drivers analysis of desertification in the arid region of northwest China based on Geographic Detector","volume":"4","author":"Hua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Chall."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"992","article-title":"Spatial-temporal variation and driving mechanism of desertification in Hunshandake (Otindag) Sandy Land in recent 30 years (in Chinese with English abstract)","volume":"44","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arid. Land Geogr."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"(2021, June 18). National Meteorological Science Data Center of China. Available online: http:\/\/data.cma.cn\/data\/cdcindex\/cid\/0b9164954813c573.html."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"1025","article-title":"Image-Based Atmospheric Correction\u2014Revisited and Improved","volume":"62","author":"Chavez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"USGS (2015, June 30). Landsat 8 (L8) Data Users Handbook (V1.0), Available online: http:\/\/landsat.usgs.gov\/documents\/Landsat8DataUsersHandbook.pdf."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.01.007","article-title":"Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors","volume":"113","author":"Chander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1977.10489581","article-title":"Validation of Regression Models: Methods and Examples","volume":"19","author":"Snee","year":"1977","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(01)00188-8","article-title":"Proximate cause of land-use change in Narok District, Kenya: A spatial statistical model","volume":"85","author":"Serneels","year":"2001","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou, P., Wu, W., Qin, Y., Zhou, X., Huangfu, W., Zhang, Y., Xie, L., Huang, X., Fu, X., and Li, J. (2021). Assessment of Landslide Hazard in Jiangxi Using Geo-information Technology. Front. Earth Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/feart.2021.648342"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huangfu, W., Wu, W., Zhou, X., Lin, Z., Zhang, G., Chen, R., Song, Y., Lang, T., Qin, Y., and Ou, P. (2021). Landslide Geo-Hazard Risk Mapping Using Logistic Regression Modeling in Guixi, Jiangxi, China. Sustainability, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/su13094830"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"59","article-title":"Analysis on the Scale of a New Period of Returning Farmland to Forestland and Grassland in Northwest China (in Chinese with English abstract)","volume":"24","author":"Su","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"70","article-title":"Problems and Prospects of the Construction Effectiveness of the Three North Shelterbelt Project in Shaanxi Province (in Chinese with English abstract)","volume":"38","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Protection For. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2021, December 08). Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Available online: http:\/\/www.moa.gov.cn\/ztzl\/lszczc\/201103\/t20110325_1955106.htm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-archives-XLII-3-2439-2018","article-title":"Study on desertification monitoring from 2000 to 2014 and its driving factors through remote sensing in Ningxia, China","volume":"XLII-3","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1126\/science.162.3859.1243","article-title":"The Tragedy of the Commons","volume":"162","author":"Hardin","year":"1968","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Remote Sensing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/4\/837\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T23:21:03Z","timestamp":1721949663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-4292\/14\/4\/837"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["rs14040837"],"URL":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3390\/rs14040837","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-4292"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-4292","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]}}}
