{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:21:42Z","timestamp":1725322902364},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute for Nuclear Physics"},{"name":"Austrian Science Fund","award":["P25529-N20","P30635-N36","W1252-N27"]},{"name":"John Templeton Foundation","award":["62099"]},{"name":"H2020 FET project TEQ","award":["766900"]},{"name":"Foundational Questions Institute","award":["FQXi-RFP-CPW-2008","FQXi-MGB-2011"]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Entropy"],"abstract":"The Pauli exclusion principle (PEP), a cornerstone of quantum mechanics and whole science, states that in a system, two fermions can not simultaneously occupy the same quantum state. Several experimental tests have been performed to place increasingly stringent bounds on the validity of PEP. Among these, the series of VIP experiments, performed at the Gran Sasso Underground National Laboratory of INFN, is searching for PEP-violating atomic X-ray transitions in copper. In this paper, the upgraded VIP-3 setup is described, designed to extend these investigations to higher-Z elements such as zirconium, silver, palladium, and tin. We detail the enhanced design of this setup, including the implementation of cutting-edge, 1 mm thick, silicon drift detectors, which significantly improve the measurement sensitivity at higher energies. Additionally, we present calculations of expected PEP-violating energy shifts in the characteristic lines of these elements, performed using the multi-configurational Dirac\u2013Fock method from first principles. The VIP-3 realization will contribute to ongoing research into PEP violation for different elements, offering new insights and directions for future studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/e26090752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T16:54:42Z","timestamp":1725296082000},"page":"752","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Testing the Pauli Exclusion Principle across the Periodic Table with the VIP-3 Experiment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3770-0863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Manti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Bazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Bortolotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche \u201cEnrico Fermi\u201d, Via Panisperna 89a, I-00184 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Cesidio","family":"Capoccia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cargnelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Science, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Clozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4203-9902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"De Paolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Fiorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria and INFN Sezione di Milano, Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8923-3438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Guaraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9648-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihail","family":"Iliescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5390-4343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Laubenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via G. Acitelli 22, I-67100 L\u2019Aquila, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5139-7720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johann","family":"Marton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Science, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8686-5923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Piscicchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Centro Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche \u201cEnrico Fermi\u201d, Via Panisperna 89a, I-00184 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3220-6295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Porcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7703-7050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Scordo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0011-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Sgaramella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Diana Laura","family":"Sirghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institutul National Pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara Horia Hulubei (IFIN-HH), Str. Atomistilor No. 407, P.O. Box MG-6, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6143-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florin","family":"Sirghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institutul National Pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara Horia Hulubei (IFIN-HH), Str. Atomistilor No. 407, P.O. Box MG-6, RO-077125 Magurele, Romania"}]},{"given":"Oton Vazquez","family":"Doce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Johann","family":"Zmeskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stefan-Meyer-Institute for Subatomic Physics, Austrian Academy of Science, Kegelgasse 27, 1030 Vienna, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"http:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1990-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catalina","family":"Curceanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Via E. Fermi 54, I-00044 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Institutul National Pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara Horia Hulubei (IFIN-HH), Str. 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