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This open network is obtained by replacing bottleneck queues with per-route Poissonian sources whose rates are uniquely determined by the solution of a strictly concave optimization problem. We strengthen such results by also proving convergence of the first moment of the queue lengths of nonbottleneck stations. Then we focus on the transient behavior of the network and use fluid limits to prove that the amount of fluid, or customers, on each route eventually concentrates on the bottleneck queues only and that the long-term proportions of fluid in each route and in each queue solve the dual of the concave optimization problem that determines the throughputs of the previous open network. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1287\/moor.1120.0583","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T03:27:44Z","timestamp":1363231664000},"page":"469-491","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Closed Queueing Networks Under Congestion: Nonbottleneck Independence and Bottleneck Convergence"],"prefix":"10.1287","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jonatha","family":"Anselmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Basque Center for Applied Mathematics (BCAM), Alameda de Mazarredo 14, E-48009 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"D'Auria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Avda. 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