{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T16:18:56Z","timestamp":1732033136579},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,13]],"date-time":"2009-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The International Journal of Robotics Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,4]]},"abstract":" Primary challenges in the building of untethered submillimeter sized robots include propulsion methods, power supply, and control. We present a novel type of microrobot called MagMite that utilizes a new class of wireless resonant magnetic micro-actuator that accomplishes all three tasks. The term MagMite is derived from Magnetic Mite \u2014a tribute to the underlying magnetic propulsion principle and the micro-scale dimensions of the robot. The device harvests magnetic energy from the environment and effectively transforms it into inertia-and impact-driven mechanical force while being fully controllable. It can be powered and controlled with oscillating fields in the kilohertz range and strengths as low as 2 mT, which is only roughly 50 times the average Earth magnetic field. These microrobotic agents with dimensions less than 300 \u03bcm \u00d7 300 \u03bcm \u00d7 70 \u03bcm and a total mass of 30\u201450 \u03bcg are capable of moving forward, backward and turning in place while reaching controllable speeds in excess of 12.5 mm s\u20141<\/jats:sup> or 42 times the robot\u2019s body length per second. The robots produce enough force to push micro-objects of similar sizes and can be visually servoed through a maze in a fully automated fashion. The prototype devices exhibit an overall degree of flexibility, controllability, and performance unmatched by other microrobots reported in the literature. The robustness of the MagMites leads to high experimental repeatability, which in turn enabled us to successfully compete in the RoboCup 2007 and 2009 Nanogram competitions. In this work it is demonstrated how the robots exhibit a plethora of driving behaviors, how they can operate on a host of unstructured surfaces under both dry and wet conditions, and how they can accomplish fully automated micromanipulation tasks. Various micro-objects ranging from beads to biological entities have been successfully manipulated. To the same end, multi-agent studies have shown great promise to be used in cooperative tasks. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364909353351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,14]],"date-time":"2009-11-14T01:35:00Z","timestamp":1258162500000},"page":"613-636","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":172,"title":["Small, Fast, and Under Control: Wireless Resonant Magnetic Micro-agents"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Dominic R.","family":"Frutiger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich Switzerland,"}]},{"given":"Karl","family":"Vollmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Bradley E.","family":"Kratochvil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Bradley J.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich Switzerland"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MRA.2007.380641"},{"journal-title":"The International Journal of Robotics Research","year":"2009","author":"Abbott, J.J.","key":"atypb2"},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2171439"},{"volume-title":"Control of many agents using few instructions. 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