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M.N. is the founder of HeartLung.AI. A.P.R., T.A., D.F.Y., N.D.W., and D.L. are advisors to HeartLung.AI. C.Z. is a software engineer for HeartLung.AI. K.A. is a graduate research associate of HeartLung.AI. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"As a longitudinal population-based study sponsored by the National Institute of Health (NIH), MESA has received proper ethical oversight. The MESA protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the 6 field centers (Columbia University IRB, Johns Hopkins Medicine IRB, Northwestern University IRB, UCLA Office of the Human Research Protection Program (OHRPP), University of Minnesota Human Research Protection Program, Wake Forest Baptist Health IRB) and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Data from participants who did not consent to commercial use were removed from our study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"309"}}