أنت
阿拉伯語
[编辑]詞源1
[编辑]發音
[编辑]代詞
[编辑]أَنْتَ (ʔanta) m（屬格 ـكَ (-ka)，賓格 ـكَ (-ka) / إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka)）
- 你（陽性單數主格）
參見
[编辑]阿拉伯語人稱代詞
| 獨立型主格代詞 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
| 〈陰〉 | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
| 〈陰〉 | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
| 獨立型賓格代詞 | ||||
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
| 〈陰〉 | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
| 〈陰〉 | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
| 附著型賓格與屬格代詞 | ||||
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
| 〈陰〉 | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
| 〈陰〉 | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
| * Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”)接動詞，而ـي (-y)或ـيَ (-ya, “我的”)接名詞。 In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-y) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). | ||||
詞源2
[编辑]發音
[编辑]代詞
[编辑]أَنْتِ (ʔanti) f（屬格 ـكِ (-ki)，賓格 ـكِ (-ki) / إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki)）
- 你（陰性單數主格）
參見
[编辑]阿拉伯語人稱代詞
| 獨立型主格代詞 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | أَنَا (ʔanā) | نَحْنُ (naḥnu) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | أَنْتَ (ʔanta) | أَنْتُمَا (ʔantumā) | أَنْتُمْ (ʔantum) |
| 〈陰〉 | أَنْتِ (ʔanti) | أَنْتُنَّ (ʔantunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | هُوَ (huwa) | هُمَا (humā) | هُمْ (hum) |
| 〈陰〉 | هِيَ (hiya) | هُنَّ (hunna) | ||
| 獨立型賓格代詞 | ||||
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | إِيَّايَ (ʔiyyāya) | إِيَّانَا (ʔiyyānā) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | إِيَّاكَ (ʔiyyāka) | إِيَّاكُمَا (ʔiyyākumā) | إِيَّاكُم (ʔiyyākum) |
| 〈陰〉 | إِيَّاكِ (ʔiyyāki) | إِيَّاكُنَّ (ʔiyyākunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | إِيَّاهُ (ʔiyyāhu) | إِيَّاهُمَا (ʔiyyāhumā) | إِيَّاهُمْ (ʔiyyāhum) |
| 〈陰〉 | إِيَّاهَا (ʔiyyāhā) | إِيَّاهُنَّ (ʔiyyāhunna) | ||
| 附著型賓格與屬格代詞 | ||||
| 單數 | 雙數 | 複數 | ||
| 第1人稱 | ـنِي (-nī), ـي (-y), ـيَ (-ya)* | ـنَا (-nā) | ||
| 第2人稱 | 〈陽〉 | ـكَ (-ka) | ـكُمَا (-kumā) | ـكُم (-kum) |
| 〈陰〉 | ـكِ (-ki) | ـكُنَّ (-kunna) | ||
| 第3人稱 | 〈陽〉 | ـهُ (-hu), ـهِ (-hi)** | ـهُمَا (-humā), ـهِمَا (-himā)** | ـهُم (-hum), ـهِم (-him)** |
| 〈陰〉 | ـهَا (-hā) | ـهُنَّ (-hunna), ـهِنَّ (-hinna)** | ||
| * Specifically, ـنِي (-nī, “me”)接動詞，而ـي (-y)或ـيَ (-ya, “我的”)接名詞。 In the latter case, ـيَ (-ya) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a long vowel or diphthong (e.g. in the sound masculine plural and the dual), while ـي (-y) is attached to nouns whose construct state ends in a short vowel, in which case that vowel is elided (e.g. in the sound feminine plural, as well as the singular and broken plural of most nouns). Furthermore, -ū of the masculine sound plural is assimilated to -ī before ـيَ (-ya) (presumably, -aw of masculine defective -an plurals is similarly assimilated to -ay). Prepositions use ـِي (-ī) or ـيَ (-ya), even though in this case it has the meaning of “me” rather than “my”. The sisters of inna can use either form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī) or إِنِّي (ʔinnī)), but the longer form (e.g. إِنَّنِي (ʔinnanī)) is usually preferred. ** ـهِـ (-hi-) occurs after -i, -ī, or -ay, and ـهُـ (-hu-) elsewhere (after -a, -ā, -u, -ū, -aw). | ||||
參考資料
[编辑]- Wehr, Hans (1979年)，“أنت”，J. Milton Cowan, 编，A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic，4th版，Ithaca, NY：Spoken Language Services，ISBN 0-87950-003-4