Ottoman Wars, 1700-1870 : an Empire Besieged
The Ottoman Empire had reached the peak of its power, presenting a very real threat to Western Christendom when in 1683 it suffered its first major defeat, at the Siege of Vienna. Tracing the empire's conflicts of the next two centuries, The Ottoman Wars: An Empire Besieged examines the social transformation of the Ottoman military system in an era of global imperialismSpanning more than a century of conflict, the book considers challenges the Ottoman government faced from both neighbouring Catholic Habsburg Austria and Orthodox Romanov Russia, as well as - arguably more impo
History
1 online resource (1112 pages).
9781317884026, 9781317884033, 1317884027, 1317884035
868490033
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; List of plates; Acknowledgements; A note on place names and foreign terms; Chronology; Maps; Introduction; Comparative empires; The northern defensive line; Military reform; The outline of the narrative; Eastern questions and new Ottomans; 1. The political map of Central and Eastern Europe circa 1700; The geopolitics of the Danube; Members of the Holy League; The Principalities; Ottomans and Tatars; Eastern border strategies; Imperial aims: Ottoman, Habsburg, Romanov; Revolts in Istanbul circa 1700. Janissary loyalties and ethos2. The Ottoman system; Rethinking imperial military history; The nature and composition of the Janissaries; Janissary command and discipline; Provincial forces: sipahis; Frontier defence systems; Survival strategies; The northern frontier; The southern frontier: Egypt and the Arab Provinces; Auxiliary forces: the religious factor; Realities of Danube warfare; Logistics of warfare on the Danube: the Belgrade-Azov fortress line; Campaign financing; 3. From Prut to Belgrade: illusions of success and failure; The political setting 1700-50; The Ottoman case. Austria's position and ambitionsRussian expansion and the pre-modern impasse; Centralisation of the control of violence; The consolidation of Austrian arms; Origins of the Prut campaign; On the march
Prut 1711; The recovery of the Morea; Austria enters the war; Renewal of Ottoman-Habsburg conflict on the Danube, 1736-39: stalemate; Uneasy alliances; Ochakov and the Crimea, 1737; The Bosnian army under Governor Ali Pasha; Ottoman victory at Orsova, 1738; Ottoman military strengths and weaknesses; 4. The Austrian-Russian-Ottoman Danube waltz, 1768-92; Overview; 1768-92 and the Ottoman Empire. 1768-92 and the Russians1768-92 and the Austrians; 1768-74: Russian miracle, Ottoman debacle, and Austrian test; The centre of the conflict: the lower Danube River; Declaration and preparations for war, 1768; The collapse of the Ottoman supply system; The year of disasters: Çeşme and Kartal (1770); Peace negotiations and the Crimea; Austro-Russian-Ottoman confrontations 1787-92; Peace
lessons learned; 5. Selim III and the new order (Nizâm-ı Cedid); Introduction: crisis and reform; The problem; Economic reforms; New military organisations; Ottoman military reform prior to Selim III. Military reforms under Selim IIIInitial reforms; Gunpowder and arms; Creation of a new army, the Nizâm-ı Cedid; The new order expands beyond Istanbul; Foreign advisers and reform of the Artillery Corps; 6. The internal and external challenges to Selim III; Introduction: provincial allies and colonial powers; Local Ottoman elites: provincial loyalty and betrayal; Caniklizades in North Anatolia; Vidin and Osman Pasvanoğlu; Radical diplomacy; Pre-1793 diplomacy; First embassies to Europe; Napoleon's invasion of Egypt; Pre-Napoleonic Egypt; French evacuation of Egypt; Imperial impressions
The final challenge to Selim III 1806-07