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Monthly mean atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations reached a record high of 426.91 parts per million (ppm) in June 2024. This represents an increase of roughly 20 percent compared with average CO₂ levels recorded in June 1990. In 2023, global average annual CO₂ concentrations reached a record high of 421 ppm.

CO₂ concentrations typically fall during the summer months. This is a result of plants taking in more CO₂ through photosynthesis than they release through respiration during the warmer months when they are growing the most.

Average monthly carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels in the atmosphere worldwide from 1990 to 2024 (in parts per million)

Characteristic	Concentration in parts per million
Sep '24	422.03
Aug '24	422.99
Jul '24	425.55
Jun '24	426.91
May '24	426.9
Apr '24	426.57
Mar '24	425.38
Feb '24	424.55
Jan '24	422.8
Dec '23	421.86
Nov '23	420.46
Oct '23	418.82
Sep '23	418.51
Aug '23	419.68
Jul '23	421.83
Jun '23	423.68
May '23	424
Apr '23	423.36
Mar '23	420.98
Feb '23	420.3
Jan '23	419.48
Dec '22	418.99
Nov '22	417.51
Oct '22	415.78
Sep '22	415.95
Aug '22	417.19
Jul '22	418.9
Jun '22	420.99
May '22	420.99
Apr '22	420.23
Mar '22	418.81
Feb '22	419.28
Jan '22	418.19
Dec '21	416.71
Nov '21	415.01
Oct '21	413.93
Sep '21	413.3
Aug '21	414.47
Jul '21	416.96
Jun '21	418.94
May '21	419.13
Apr '21	419.05
Mar '21	417.64
Feb '21	416.75
Jan '21	415.52
Dec '20	414.26
Nov '20	413.12
Oct '20	411.51
Sep '20	411.52
Aug '20	412.78
Jul '20	414.62
Jun '20	416.6
May '20	417.31
Apr '20	416.45
Mar '20	414.74
Feb '20	414.34
Jan '20	413.61
Dec '19	411.98
Nov '19	410.48
Oct '19	408.75
Sep '19	408.76
Aug '19	410.18
Jul '19	411.97
Jun '19	414.16
May '19	414.86
Apr '19	413.54
Mar '19	412.18
Feb '19	411.96
Jan '19	411.03
Dec '18	409.27
Nov '18	408.21
Oct '18	406.19
Sep '18	405.71
Aug '18	407.16
Jul '18	408.9
Jun '18	410.99
May '18	411.44
Apr '18	410.45
Mar '18	409.59
Feb '18	408.52
Jan '18	408.15
Dec '17	407
Nov '17	405.31
Oct '17	403.82
Sep '17	403.57
Aug '17	405.32
Jul '17	407.33
Jun '17	409.08
May '17	409.89
Apr '17	409.22
Mar '17	407.54
Feb '17	406.66
Jan '17	406.36
Dec '16	404.64
Nov '16	403.72
Oct '16	401.79
Sep '16	401.23
Aug '16	402.45
Jul '16	404.59
Jun '16	406.99
May '16	407.9
Apr '16	407.6
Mar '16	405.06
Feb '16	404.25
Jan '16	402.73
Dec '15	402.06
Nov '15	400.27
Oct '15	398.49
Sep '15	397.82
Aug '15	399.11
Jul '15	401.46
Jun '15	402.97
May '15	404.15
Apr '15	403.34
Mar '15	401.74
Feb '15	400.55
Jan '15	400.18
Dec '14	399.08
Nov '14	397.4
Oct '14	396.16
Sep '14	395.54
Aug '14	397.18
Jul '14	399.27
Jun '14	401.43
May '14	401.96
Apr '14	401.51
Mar '14	399.91
Feb '14	398.27
Jan '14	398.04
Dec '13	397.03
Nov '13	395.36
Oct '13	393.9
Sep '13	393.72
Aug '13	395.39
Jul '13	397.51
Jun '13	398.81
May '13	400.02
Apr '13	398.64
Mar '13	397.66
Feb '13	397.03
Jan '13	395.78
Dec '12	394.57
Nov '12	393.2
Oct '12	391.27
Sep '12	391.32
Aug '12	392.59
Jul '12	394.56
Jun '12	395.91
May '12	396.93
Apr '12	396.38
Mar '12	394.59
Feb '12	394.04
Jan '12	393.31
Dec '11	392.06
Nov '11	390.48
Oct '11	389.19
Sep '11	389.28
Aug '11	390.33
Jul '11	392.72
Jun '11	393.95
May '11	394.41
Apr '11	393.44
Mar '11	392.8
Feb '11	392.05
Jan '11	391.5
Dec '10	389.99
Nov '10	388.87
Oct '10	387.43
Sep '10	387.03
Aug '10	388.54
Jul '10	390.41
Jun '10	392.38
May '10	393.21
Apr '10	392.67
Mar '10	391.37
Feb '10	390.41
Jan '10	388.91
Dec '09	387.63
Nov '09	386.23
Oct '09	384.64
Sep '09	384.95
Aug '09	386.29
Jul '09	388.24
Jun '09	389.7
May '09	390.36
Apr '09	389.76
Mar '09	389.04
Feb '09	387.7
Jan '09	387.17
Dec '08	385.79
Nov '08	384.41
Oct '08	383.21
Sep '08	383.41
Aug '08	384.32
Jul '08	386.61
Jun '08	387.99
May '08	388.78
Apr '08	387.34
Mar '08	386.28
Feb '08	386.06
Jan '08	385.78
Dec '07	384.19
Nov '07	382.7
Oct '07	381.37
Sep '07	381.2
Aug '07	382.24
Jul '07	384.73
Jun '07	386.33
May '07	386.78
Apr '07	386.73
Mar '07	384.81
Feb '07	384.12
Jan '07	383.1
Dec '06	382.02
Nov '06	380.35
Oct '06	379.33
Sep '06	379.04
Aug '06	380.6
Jul '06	382.65
Jun '06	384.24
May '06	385.22
Apr '06	384.8
Mar '06	382.86
Feb '06	382.4
Jan '06	381.58
Dec '05	380.31
Nov '05	378.54
Oct '05	377.19
Sep '05	376.89
Aug '05	378.93
Jul '05	380.93
Jun '05	382.4
May '05	382.64
Apr '05	382.48
Mar '05	380.95
Feb '05	379.91
Jan '05	378.63
Dec '04	377.68
Nov '04	376.33
Oct '04	374.63
Sep '04	374.43
Aug '04	376.17
Jul '04	377.65
Jun '04	379.87
May '04	380.8
Apr '04	380.54
Mar '04	379.06
Feb '04	378.05
Jan '04	377.17
Dec '03	376.17
Nov '03	374.84
Oct '03	373.31
Sep '03	373.34
Aug '03	374.57
Jul '03	376.88
Jun '03	378.46
May '03	378.78
Apr '03	377.92
Mar '03	376.64
Feb '03	375.82
Jan '03	375.07
Dec '02	373.98
Nov '02	372.43
Oct '02	370.73
Sep '02	370.92
Aug '02	372.03
Jul '02	374.16
Jun '02	375.69
May '02	375.93
Apr '02	375.19
Mar '02	374.3
Feb '02	373.37
Jan '02	372.7
Dec '01	371.42
Nov '01	369.94
Oct '01	368.61
Sep '01	368.34
Aug '01	369.78
Jul '01	371.68
Jun '01	373.4
May '01	374.03
Apr '01	373.55
Mar '01	372.63
Feb '01	371.69
Jan '01	370.76
Dec '00	369.83
Nov '00	368.53
Oct '00	367.18
Sep '00	367.15
Aug '00	368.27
Jul '00	370.02
Jun '00	371.87
May '00	371.75
Apr '00	371.98
Mar '00	370.75
Feb '00	369.71
Jan '00	369.45
Dec '99	368.26
Nov '99	366.88
Oct '99	365.52
Sep '99	364.95
Aug '99	367.06
Jul '99	369.61
Jun '99	370.46
May '99	371.12
Apr '99	371.15
Mar '99	369.84
Feb '99	369.28
Jan '99	368.35
Dec '98	367.3
Nov '98	365.67
Oct '98	364.54
Sep '98	364.16
Aug '98	366.1
Jul '98	367.98
Jun '98	369.13
May '98	369.56
Apr '98	368.79
Mar '98	367.36
Feb '98	366.1
Jan '98	365.39
Dec '97	364.51
Nov '97	362.65
Oct '97	360.98
Sep '97	360.44
Aug '97	362.4
Jul '97	364.46
Jun '97	365.73
May '97	366.77
Apr '97	366.48
Mar '97	364.65
Feb '97	364.21
Jan '97	363.24
Dec '96	362.39
Nov '96	361.04
Oct '96	359.72
Sep '96	359.69
Aug '96	361.55
Jul '96	363.69
Jun '96	365.06
May '96	365.25
Apr '96	364.69
Mar '96	364.28
Feb '96	363.36
Jan '96	362.2
Dec '95	360.82
Nov '95	359.61
Oct '95	358.14
Sep '95	358.32
Aug '95	359.33
Jul '95	361.78
Jun '95	363.33
May '95	363.83
Apr '95	363.44
Mar '95	361.98
Feb '95	361
Jan '95	360.04
Dec '94	359.1
Nov '94	357.65
Oct '94	356.21
Sep '94	355.86
Aug '94	357.59
Jul '94	359.51
Jun '94	360.94
May '94	361.78
Apr '94	361.36
Mar '94	360.11
Feb '94	359.04
Jan '94	358.36
Dec '93	357.03
Nov '93	355.53
Oct '93	354.23
Sep '93	354.14
Aug '93	355.76
Jul '93	357.46
Jun '93	359.64
May '93	360.3
Apr '93	359.39
Mar '93	358.59
Feb '93	357.42
Jan '93	357.1
Dec '92	355.68
Nov '92	354.42
Oct '92	353.41
Sep '92	353.01
Aug '92	354.99
Jul '92	357.15
Jun '92	359.44
May '92	359.71
Apr '92	359.22
Mar '92	357.97
Feb '92	357.21
Jan '92	356.34
Dec '91	355.21
Nov '91	353.89
Oct '91	352.43
Sep '91	352.34
Aug '91	353.97
Jul '91	356.3
Jun '91	358.23
May '91	359.23
Apr '91	358.77
Mar '91	357.33
Feb '91	355.82
Jan '91	354.93
Dec '90	354.41
Nov '90	353.14
Oct '90	351.69
Sep '90	351.38
Aug '90	353.06
Jul '90	354.89
Jun '90	356.39
May '90	357.38
Apr '90	356.38
Mar '90	355.75
Feb '90	355.1
Jan '90	353.86

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Release date

2024

More information

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

January 1990 to September 2024

Supplementary notes

CO₂ expressed as a mole fraction in dry air, micromol/mol, abbreviated as ppm. Data has been measured at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii as it constitutes the longest record of direct carbon dioxide measurements in the atmosphere.

Figures for the past year are preliminary.
Due to the eruption of the Mauna Loa Volcano, measurements from Mauna Loa Observatory were suspended as of Nov. 29. Observations starting in December 2022 are from a site at the Mauna Kea Observatories, approximately 21 miles north of the Mauna Loa Observatory.

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