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Link to original content: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31388005
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. 2019 Aug 6;10(1):3531.
doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11295-6.

New Eocene primate from Myanmar shares dental characters with African Eocene crown anthropoids

Jean-Jacques Jaeger  1 , Olivier Chavasseau  2 , Vincent Lazzari  2 , Aung Naing Soe  3 , Chit Sein  4 , Anne Le Maître  2   5 , Hla Shwe  6 , Yaowalak Chaimanee  2
Affiliations

New Eocene primate from Myanmar shares dental characters with African Eocene crown anthropoids

Jean-Jacques Jaeger et al. Nat Commun. .

Abstract

Recent discoveries of older and phylogenetically more primitive basal anthropoids in China and Myanmar, the eosimiiforms, support the hypothesis that Asia was the place of origins of anthropoids, rather than Africa. Similar taxa of eosimiiforms have been discovered in the late middle Eocene of Myanmar and North Africa, reflecting a colonization event that occurred during the middle Eocene. However, these eosimiiforms were probably not the closest ancestors of the African crown anthropoids. Here we describe a new primate from the middle Eocene of Myanmar that documents a new clade of Asian anthropoids. It possesses several dental characters found only among the African crown anthropoids and their nearest relatives, indicating that several of these characters have appeared within Asian clades before being recorded in Africa. This reinforces the hypothesis that the African colonization of anthropoids was the result of several dispersal events, and that it involved more derived taxa than eosimiiforms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Aseanpithecus myanmarensis gen. et sp. nov. a, b NMMP 93 holotype left maxilla with C-M3, lacking M1 and buccal part of P4. a Buccal view. b Occlusal view. c–g NMMP 95 right mandible with canine alveolus, P2–P3, P4 alveoli and M1 mesial root. c Occlusal view. d Virtual horizontal section at the root level. e Buccal view. f lingual view. g Virtual parasagittal section of the mandible showing the long root P2. h–i NMMP 96 right M3. h Occlusal view. i Lingual view. Scale bars for a, b, and c–g 5 mm. Scale bar for h–i 1 mm
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
A possible phylogenetic position of Aseanpithecus myanmarensis gen. et sp. nov. Maximum parsimony analysis performed with PAUP 4b10 with a datamatrix of 45 taxa and 324 morphological characters (heuristic search with some multistate characters treated as ordered, no topological constraint enforced, all characters equally weighted). Strict consensus of two equally parsimonious trees of 1497 steps. Consistency index (CI) = 0.3220, Homoplasy index (HI) = 0.6780, CI excluding uninformative characters = 0.3010, HI excluding uninformative characters = 0.6990, Retention index (RI) = 0.5579, and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.1796. Bremer support values are indicated above the nodes. Bootstrap support values (>50%) are indicated below the nodes
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