广告
notwithstanding
负面现在分词作为准介词使用,最初和正确的写法是两个单词,14世纪后期, notwiþstondynge “尽管,不顾”来自 not 和动词 withstand 的现在分词。它具有 with 的旧“反对”意义。这是中世纪拉丁语 non obstante “没有阻碍”的借译,字面意思是“不妨碍”,来自 obstans 的与格,动词 obstare 的现在分词“站在对面”(见 obstacle)。作为副词,“然而”,作为连词,“尽管事实如此”,从15世纪初开始使用。
Notwithstanding ... calls attention with some emphasis to an obstacle: as, notwithstanding his youth, he made great progress. In spite of and despite, by the strength of the word spite, point primarily to active opposition: as, in spite of his utmost efforts, he was defeated; and, figuratively, to great obstacles of any kind: as, despite all hindrances, he arrived at the time appointed. [Century Dictionary]
Notwithstanding ... 强调障碍:例如, notwithstanding 他年轻,他取得了很大进步。 In spite of 和 despite,由于 spite 这个词的力量,首先指的是积极的反对:例如, in spite of 他最大的努力,他被打败了; 并且,比喻地,指的是任何种类的巨大障碍:例如, despite 所有的阻碍,他按时到达了。[世纪词典]
同样来自于:late 14c.
相关词汇 notwithstanding
否定词,表示否定、拒绝、拒绝或禁止的词,13世纪中叶, noht 的无重音变体, naht "绝不"(参见 naught)。作为一个感叹词,用来否定之前所说的话或揭示其为讽刺,1900年有记录,1989年在"周六夜现场"电视节目的"韦恩的世界"小品中流行起来。
Not, spoken with emphasis, often stands for the negation of a whole sentence referred to: as, I hope not (that is, I hope that the state of things you describe does not exist). [Century Dictionary, 1895]
Not,带有强调的说法,通常代表整个句子的否定:例如,我希望 not(也就是说,我希望你所描述的情况不存在)。[《世纪词典》,1895]
以 not know X from Y(one's ass from one's elbow, shit from Shinola 等)为构造在现代用法中可追溯到约1930年; 但与中古英语 not know an A from a windmill(约1400年)相比。双重否定结构 not un- 曾受奥威尔的嘲笑,但在英语中却是持久而古老的,米尔顿和盎格鲁-撒克逊诗人喜欢使用。
"阻碍、障碍、妨碍或屏障; 阻挡或挡道的东西",14世纪中叶,来自古法语 obstacle, ostacle "反对、阻碍、妨碍"(13世纪),直接源自拉丁语 obstaculum "阻碍、障碍",带有工具后缀 *-tlom,加上 obstare "站在前面、对立、阻挡、妨碍、挫败",来自 ob "在前面、对着"(见 ob-),加上 stare "站立",源自 PIE 词根 *sta- "站立、坚定或稳固"。
The lover thinks more often of reaching his mistress than the husband of guarding his wife; the prisoner thinks more often of escaping than the gaoler of shutting his door; and so, whatever the obstacles may be, the lover and the prisoner ought to succeed. [Stendhal, "Charterhouse of Parma"]
情人更经常想到达到他的情人,而不是丈夫想到保护他的妻子; 囚犯更经常想到逃脱,而不是狱卒想到关上他的门; 因此,无论障碍是什么,情人和囚犯都应该成功。[斯坦达尔,《帕尔马修道院》]
Obstacle course "赛道,必须克服自然或人工障碍的比赛",最早见于1891年。
广告
notwithstanding 的使用趋势
广告
仅供参考,由机器翻译系统提供。查看原文,请访问:Etymology, origin and meaning of notwithstanding