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ALSO KNOWN AS		Thami, Dolakha, Thāmī
CLASSIFICATION		Sino-Tibetan, Newaric
CODE AUTHORITY		ISO 639-3
LANGUAGE CODE		thf
VARIANTS & DIALECTS		Dolakhā Sindhupālcok
DOWNLOAD		As csv
MORE RESOURCES		OLAC search

Compare Sources (7)

Information from: “A Grammar of the Thangmi Language” . Mark Turin (2012)

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available
18991
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
33500-38500
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
The ethnic population number includes the Thangmi living in Nepal and India.

DATE OF INFO: 2001 census for the speaker number

DOMAINS OF USE

SPEAKER NUMBER TRENDS

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"[C]hildren and youths up to the age of twenty speak Nepali as their first language.... While as a heritage ethnic tongue, Thangmi is still widely understood, many in this age group speak the Thangmi language with a reduced phonology and with a heavy reliance on Nepali loan words." (p. 103)

OTHER LANGUAGES USED BY THE COMMUNITY

Nepali

LANGUAGE CONTEXT COMMENTS

"Thangmi men and women over the age of fifty are often monolingual Thangmi speakers, while Thangmi youths under twenty years of age usually have lisle more than a passive understanding of their own tongue. The middle generation, between the ages of twenty and fifty are most likely to be bilingual, using Thangmi for most intra-ethnic linguistic exchanges and Nepali in conversations with members of other ethnic groups and castes." (p. 101)

PLACES: Nepal; India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: mostly in Dolakhā, Sindhupālcok, Jhāpā, Rāmechāp, Ilām, and Moraṅ districts of Nepal; Thamigaon and West Pendam in east Sikkim, and the area around Darjeeling municipality and the villages encircling tea plantations in Bijanbārī, Siṅlā and Tāmsāṅ of West Bengal of India

MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
"Language is locally endangered or threatened."

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
19,291
Native speakers worldwide

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available
~30,000
Native speakers worldwide

TRANSMISSION

MORE ON VITALITY

"...Not generally being passed to younger generation."

PLACES: Nepal

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
33,500
Native speakers worldwide

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available
25,000
Native speakers worldwide
Ethnic population
35,000
MORE ON SPEAKER NUMBERS
24,200 in Nepal (2007 SIL), decreasing

PLACES: Nepal; China; India

LOCATION DESCRIPTION: Nepal: Most in Janakpur zone, Dolakha District; Bagmati zone, Sindhupalchok District; a few villages in Ramechhap along the Sailung Khola. China: Tibetan Autonomous Region. India: Sikkim, East District, Aritar Sunua; West Bengal, Darjeeling

			2012	Personal Communication				Personal Communication				Gregory Anderson	Gregory Anderson. 2012. "Personal Communication."						"Language is locally endangered or threatened."
0199255911			2005	The World Atlas of Language Structures			Bernard Comrie and David Gil and Martin Haspelmath and Matthew S. Dryer		Oxford University Press	New York			2005. "The World Atlas of Language Structures." edited by Bernard Comrie et al. Oxford University Press.																	27.75,86.0
		16	2009	Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16th Edition (2009)			M. Paul Lewis		SIL International	Dallas, TX	http://www.ethnologue.com/		Lewis, M. Paul (ed.). 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 16 edn. http://www.ethnologue.com/home.asp. (15 February, 2011.)	ll_pub	35,000	25,000		10000-99999	24,200 in Nepal (2007 SIL), decreasing				Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)					Nepal; China; India	Nepal: Most in Janakpur zone, Dolakha District; Bagmati zone, Sindhupalchok District; a few villages in Ramechhap along the Sailung Khola. China: Tibetan Autonomous Region. India: Sikkim, East District, Aritar Sunua; West Bengal, Darjeeling
			2007	South Asia and the Middle East	Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages	283-348	Christopher Moseley		London & New York: Routledge			George van Driem	George van Driem. 2007. "South Asia and the Middle East." In Encyclopedia of the World's Endangered Languages, edited by C. Moseley. 283-348. London & New York: Routledge.	HHOLD		~30,000		10000-99999					Endangered (60 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	13	"...Not generally being passed to younger generation."			Nepal
		3rd	2010	Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger					UNESCO Publishing	Paris	http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas	Christopher Moseley (ed.)	Moseley, Christopher (ed.). 2010. Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, 3rd edn. http://www.unesco.org/culture/en/endangeredlanguages/atlas. (03 June, 2011.)	ll_pub		33,500		10000-99999					Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)							27.6969,86.0057
				World Oral Literature Project							http://www.oralliterature.org		"World Oral Literature Project." Online: http://www.oralliterature.org.			19,291		10000-99999					Vulnerable (20 percent certain, based on the evidence available)
9789004223745	Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region		2012	A Grammar of the Thangmi Language								Mark Turin	Mark Turin. 2012. A Grammar of the Thangmi Language. Leiden: Brill.		33500-38500	18991	2001 census for the speaker number	10000-99999	The ethnic population number includes the Thangmi living in Nepal and India.	Nepali	"Thangmi men and women over the age of fifty are often monolingual Thangmi speakers, while Thangmi youths under twenty years of age usually have lisle more than a passive understanding of their own tongue. The middle generation, between the ages of twenty and fifty are most likely to be bilingual, using Thangmi for most intra-ethnic linguistic exchanges and Nepali in conversations with members of other ethnic groups and castes." (p. 101)	many	Threatened (100 percent certain, based on the evidence available)	12	"[C]hildren and youths up to the age of twenty speak Nepali as their first language.... While as a heritage ethnic tongue, Thangmi is still widely understood, many in this age group speak the Thangmi language with a reduced phonology and with a heavy reliance on Nepali loan words." (p. 103)	12	12	Nepal; India	mostly in Dolakhā, Sindhupālcok, Jhāpā, Rāmechāp, Ilām, and Moraṅ districts of Nepal; Thamigaon and West Pendam in east Sikkim, and the area around Darjeeling municipality and the villages encircling tea plantations in Bijanbārī, Siṅlā and Tāmsāṅ of West Bengal of India	27.52, 86.07; 27.47, 86.05; 27.42, 85.57; 27.44, 85.57; 27.31, 86.58; 27.48, 85.48

Thangmi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

18991

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

19,291

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~30,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

33,500

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

25,000

Discussion

Thangmi

Language metadata

Language information by source

Threatened

100 percent certain, based on the evidence available

18991

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

19,291

Endangered

60 percent certain, based on the evidence available

~30,000

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

33,500

Vulnerable

20 percent certain, based on the evidence available

25,000

Discussion

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