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Pantothenic acid, the amide of beta-alanine and pantoic acid, is a B complex vitamin acting as a precursor in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, involved in the metabolism as an antioxidant to breakdown many biochemical substances (fatty acids, steroids, phospholipids, heme, amino acids, and carbohydrates). The adrenal gland is an important site of pantothenic acid activity. It can be found ubiquitously in foods, and no deficiency syndrome has been demonstrated in humans except by experimental administration of the pantothenic acid antagonist (omega-methylpantothenic acid). Pantothenic acid is an unstable oil. The usual forms for feed supplementation are its salts, calcium D-pantothenate, sodium D-pantothenate and D-panthenol (liquid). Both salts are white hygroscopic powders easily soluble in water. D-Panthenol is a colourless viscous oil form which may turn to crystalline solid during storage (Racemic mixture is a solid form melting point 65C). Two enantiomers exit, D or L-form. D-panthenol is biologically active. But both forms show moisturizing properties. Panthenol is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid. Panthenol is converted to pantothenic acid in the body. Panthenol is called provitamin B5.

Pantetheine [2,4-Dihydroxy-N-(2-((2-merceptoethyl)carbamoyl)ethyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide] is the amide analogue of pantothenic acid. Pantethine (bis-pantetheine) is formed naturally when reacted with beta-mercaptoethanolamine. This amide is an intermediate in the pathway of coenzyme A biosynthesis. Pantenicate [3-(3-Pyridinemethoxycarbonyl) propionic acid pantethine tetraester] is used as an antilipemic agent to reduce lipid levels in the blood (to treat hyperlipidemia).

PANTOTHENIC ACID MOLECULES

Product	CAS RN
alpha-Hydroxyhomopantothenic acid	1977-34-0
beta-Hydroxyhomopantothenic acid	1977-35-1
Calcium 4-phosphopantothenate	55816-28-9
Calcium D-pantothenate	15773-29-2
Calcium gamma-aminobutyratopantothenate	85625-91-8
Calcium hopantenate	17097-76-6
Calcium pantothenate hydrate	63409-48-3
Calcium Pantothenate racemic	6381-63-1
Calcium pantothenate	137-08-6
Calcium pantothenate, calcium chloride complex	6363-38-8
Chloramphenicol pantothenate complex	31342-36-6
Copper gamma-aminobutyratopantothenate	85625-88-3
Dexpanthenol	81-13-0
Dihydrostreptomycin pantothenate	3563-84-6
DL-Pantothenic acid	599-54-2
D-Panthothenyl trifarnesylacetate	15470-06-1
D-Pantothenamide	7757-97-3
D-Pantothenic acid 4'-O-beta-glucoside	29588-37-2
Homopantothenic acid	1977-33-9
Hopantenic acid	18679-90-8
Kanamycin dipantothenate	17899-96-6
Kanamycin monopantothenate	17899-71-7
L-Arginine pantothenate	23541-09-5
Manganese gamma-aminobutyratopantothenate	85625-90-7
Methyl pantothenate	50692-78-9
N-D-(+)-Pantothenoyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid	85647-53-6
Neomycin pantothenate	78149-94-7
Nickel gamma-aminobutyratopantothenate	85625-89-4
omega-Methyl pantothenic acid	2545-82-6
Pantetheine	496-65-1
Pantethine	16816-67-4
Pantethine 4',4''-diphosphate	2664-64-4
Pantenicate	96922-80-4
Panthenol	16485-10-2
Pantothenate ion	20938-62-9
Pantothenate permease	99194-01-1
Pantothenic acid	79-83-4
Pantothenylcysteine 4'-phosphate	7196-09-0
Pantoyltaurine	2545-84-8
Phosphopantothenic acid	5875-50-3
S-Benzylisothiouronium pantothenate	63680-25-1
Sodium omega-methyl pantothenate	59203-09-7
Sodium pantothenate	867-81-2
Streptomycin-pantothenate	6227-52-7
Viomycin pantothenate sulfate	1401-79-2
Zinc pantothenate	65979-81-9