iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.
iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.



Link to original content: http://www.aetna.com/data/judges_order.pdf
%PDF-1.0 5 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 6 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_0 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream EXhW!Afr(r LL &&GEG Da莈#쎋@ QB莦G"#! 躈B=Dt]DDFk jF #Ho <E 0$\c(#|DF.@"""'T]BaE!$GEG*<>mGQa0:.hDDF;MDN"0SDGEx""!1"o0""B}EtGq0_2:菘"Cإͩ@6D`V gA ctGDtaF8 endstream endobj 6 0 obj 656 endobj 7 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 8 0 obj << /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 355 555 555 890 670 225 340 340 390 585 280 340 280 280 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 280 280 585 585 585 555 1015 670 670 720 720 670 610 775 720 280 500 665 555 830 720 780 665 780 720 665 610 715 670 950 665 665 610 275 275 275 470 555 340 555 555 500 555 555 280 555 555 225 225 500 225 835 555 555 555 555 340 500 280 555 500 720 500 500 500 340 260 340 590 350 560 350 225 560 340 1000 560 560 340 1000 665 335 1000 350 610 350 350 230 230 340 340 350 560 1000 340 1000 560 340 940 350 500 615 285 330 555 555 555 555 270 555 335 735 375 560 585 340 735 340 400 590 340 340 340 615 540 280 340 340 370 555 840 840 840 610 670 670 670 670 670 670 1000 720 670 670 670 670 280 280 280 280 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 590 780 725 725 725 725 680 680 610 560 560 560 560 560 560 890 500 560 560 560 560 285 285 285 285 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 590 610 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Length 10 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 515 m 158 515 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 121 504 m 202 504 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 62 492 m 142 492 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 127 481 m 225 481 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 121 470 m 188 470 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 180 459 m 277 459 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 229 447 m 280 447 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 435 m 95 435 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 424 m 116 424 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 193 424 m 245 424 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 248 424 m 278 424 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 401 m 143 401 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 367 m 114 367 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 367 m 157 367 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 367 m 201 367 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 210 367 m 278 367 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 257 356 m 281 356 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 344 m 122 344 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 344 m 241 344 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 345 m 278 345 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 167 333 m 204 333 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 210 333 m 252 333 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 260 333 m 281 333 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 322 m 130 322 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 118 310 m 162 310 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 310 m 196 310 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 149 299 m 188 299 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 194 299 m 227 299 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 130 287 m 154 287 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 163 287 m 172 287 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 181 288 m 212 288 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 164 276 m 233 276 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 124 265 m 210 265 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 253 m 92 253 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 99 253 m 142 253 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 242 m 243 242 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 249 242 m 281 242 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 230 m 107 230 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 216 231 m 235 231 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 231 m 279 231 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 219 m 144 219 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 136 208 m 155 208 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 162 208 m 195 208 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 205 208 m 224 208 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 231 208 m 240 208 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 249 208 m 279 208 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 196 m 131 196 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 89 185 m 173 185 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 185 185 m 216 185 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 225 185 m 233 185 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 243 186 m 279 186 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 174 m 132 174 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 116 162 m 172 162 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 180 162 m 198 162 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 204 162 m 251 162 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 151 m 282 151 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 139 m 100 139 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 128 m 169 128 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 85 117 m 154 117 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 160 117 m 236 117 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 242 117 m 282 117 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 105 m 115 105 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 94 m 150 94 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 455 669 m 531 669 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 489 657 m 516 657 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 523 658 m 534 658 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 645 m 346 645 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 412 635 m 472 635 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 577 m 420 577 l S endstream endobj 10 0 obj 3426 endobj 11 0 obj << /Length 12 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 13 Tf 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 744 Tm (Westlav+) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 727 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 716 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 716 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 716 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 704 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 704 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 17 Tf 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 664 Tm (H) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 654 Tm (Only the Westlaw citation is currently available.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 618 Tm (United States District Court,) Tj 1 0 0 1 144 606 Tm (N.D. Illinois,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 595 Tm (Eastern Division.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 584 Tm (In re AFRICAN-AMERICAN SLAVE) Tj 1 0 0 1 103 572 Tm (DESCENDANTS LITIGATION.) Tj 1 0 0 1 138 561 Tm (MDL No. 1491.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 549 Tm (No. 02 C 7764.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 527 Tm (July 6, 2005.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 515 Tm (Benjamin Obi Nwoye) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 515 Tm (,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 515 Tm (Mendoza & Nwoye, P.C.,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 504 Tm (Chicago, IL,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 504 Tm (Bryan R. Williams) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 504 Tm (,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 504 Tm (New York, NY,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 492 Tm (Diana E. Sammons) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 492 Tm (') Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 492 Tm (Nagel, Rice, Dreifuss & Mazie,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 481 Tm (Livingston, NJ,) Tj 1 0 0 1 127 481 Tm (Dumisa Buhle Ntsebeza) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 481 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 481 Tm (Cape Town,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 469 Tm (South Africa,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 470 Tm (Gary L. Bledsoe) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 470 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 470 Tm (Law Offices of Gary) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 458 Tm (L.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 458 Tm (Bledsoe,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 458 Tm (Austin,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 458 Tm (TX,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 459 Tm (Harry E. Cantrell, Jr.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 459 Tm (,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 447 Tm (Cantrell Law Firm, New Orleans, LA,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 447 Tm (Lionel Jean-) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 435 Tm (Baptiste) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 435 Tm (,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 436 Tm (Jean-Baptiste and Raoul, Evanston, IL,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 424 Tm (Morse Geller) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 424 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 424 Tm (Forest Hills, NY,) Tj 1 0 0 1 193 424 Tm (Pius Akamdi) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 424 Tm (Obioha) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 424 Tm (,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 413 Tm (Law Offices of Pius A. Obioha, New Orleans, LA,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 401 Tm (Roger S. Wareham) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 401 Tm (,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 401 Tm (Thomas Wareham & Richards,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 390 Tm (Brooklyn, NY, for Plaintiffs.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 367 Tm (Andrew R.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 367 Tm (McGaan) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 367 Tm (,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 367 Tm (Douglas) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 367 Tm (Geoffrey Smith) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 279 367 Tm (,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 356 Tm (Kirkland & Ellis LLP, Thomas F. Gardner,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 257 356 Tm (Susan) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 344 Tm (Lynn Winders) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 344 Tm (,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 344 Tm (Jones Day,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 344 Tm (David Michael) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 345 Tm (Kroeger) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 279 345 Tm (,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 333 Tm (Jenner & Block, LLC,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 333 Tm (Christina) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 333 Tm (M. Tchen) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 333 Tm (,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 333 Tm (&van) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 322 Tm (James Rohlfsen) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 322 Tm (,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 322 Tm (Skadden Arps Slate Meagher &) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 310 Tm (Flom, LLP,) Tj 1 0 0 1 118 310 Tm (Michael J.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 310 Tm (Barron) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 311 Tm (,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 311 Tm (Canadian National) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 299 Tm (Railway Company,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 299 Tm (James A.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 299 Tm (Fletcher) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 299 Tm (,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 235 299 Tm (Fletcher) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 299 Tm (&) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 287 Tm (Sippel,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 287 Tm (LLC,) Tj 1 0 0 1 130 287 Tm (James) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 287 Tm (A.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 288 Tm (Morsch) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 288 Tm (,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 288 Tm (Butler) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 257 288 Tm (Rubin) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 276 Tm (Saltarelli) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 276 Tm (& Boyd LLP,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 276 Tm (Edward M. Shin) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 276 Tm (,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 276 Tm (Greenberg) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 264 Tm (Traurig, LLP.,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 265 Tm (Lawrence E. Kennon) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 265 Tm (,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 265 Tm (Power & Dixon,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 253 Tm (Roland) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 253 Tm (W. Burris) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 253 Tm (,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 253 Tm (Burris,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 253 Tm (Wright, Slaughter and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 241 Tm (Tom, LLP, Chicago, IL,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 242 Tm (Heidi K. Hubbard) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 242 Tm (,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 242 Tm (Andrew) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 230 Tm (W. Rudge) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 230 Tm (,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 230 Tm (Williams & Connolly,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 231 Tm (Gary) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 231 Tm (DiBianco) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 231 Tm (,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 219 Tm (Andrew L. Sandler) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 219 Tm (,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 219 Tm (Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 208 Tm (& Flom LLP,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 208 Tm (John) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 208 Tm (Niblock) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 208 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 208 Tm (John) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 208 Tm (H.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 208 Tm (Beisner) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 209 Tm (,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 196 Tm (Pammela Ouinn) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 196 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 197 Tm (O'Melveny & Myers, Washington,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 185 Tm (DC,) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 89 185 Tm (Marco E. Schnabl) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 185 Tm (,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 185 Tm (Vaughn) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 225 185 Tm (C.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 186 Tm (Williams) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 186 Tm (,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 174 Tm (William J. Hine) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 174 Tm (,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 174 Tm (Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 162 Tm (Flom LLP,) Tj 1 0 0 1 116 162 Tm (Debra Torres) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 162 Tm (,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 162 Tm (John) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 162 Tm (W. Brewer) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 163 Tm (,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 163 Tm (Fried,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 151 Tm (Frank, Harris, Shriver & Jacobson LLP,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 151 Tm (Ann Cara) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 139 Tm (Turetsky) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 138 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 140 Tm (O'Melveny & Myers Times Square Tower,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 128 Tm (Vincent R. FitzPatrick, Jr.) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 128 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 128 Tm (White & Case, New York,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 116 Tm (NY,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 117 Tm (Jack E. McClard) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 117 Tm (,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 117 Tm (Maya M. Eckstein) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 117 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 117 Tm (Robert R.) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 105 Tm (Merhige, Jr.) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 105 Tm (,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 106 Tm (Hunton & Williams, Richmond, VA,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 94 Tm (Frank E. Emory, Jr.) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 94 Tm (,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 94 Tm (Hunton & Williams Bank of) Tj 1 0 0 1 316 668 Tm (America Plaza, Charlotte, NC,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 669 Tm (Edward D. Fagan) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 669 Tm (,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 657 Tm (Fagan & Associates, Livingston, NJ,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 657 Tm (Joseph) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 658 Tm (M.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 645 Tm (Wright,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 646 Tm (Chief Deputy Court Administrator State of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 634 Tm (Michigan, Detroit, MI,) Tj 1 0 0 1 412 635 Tm (Robert Notzon) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 635 Tm (,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 635 Tm (Law Office of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 623 Tm (Robert Notzon, Austin, TX, for Defendants.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 600 Tm (OPINION AND ORDER) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 577 Tm (CHARLES R. NORGLE) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 578 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 578 Tm (District Judge.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 99 Tm (A. A Definition of Slavery) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 65 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 66 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 728 Tm (Page 1) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 555 Tm (*1 Before the court is Defendants' Joint Motion to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 543 Tm (Dismiss) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 543 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 543 Tm (Second) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 544 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 544 Tm (and) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 532 Tm (Amended Complaint. For the following reasons, the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 520 Tm (motion is granted with prejudice.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 498 Tm (I. INTRODUCTION) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 487 Tm (This case arises out of the institution of human) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 475 Tm (chattel slavery as it existed in the North American) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 464 Tm (colonies and the later formed United States of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 452 Tm (America.) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 453 Tm (The allegations in Plaintiffs' Second) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 441 Tm (Consolidated and Amended Complaint \("SCAC" or) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 429 Tm ("Complaint"\) retell the generally acknowledged) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 418 Tm (horrors) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 418 Tm (of the institution of slavery, and the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 407 Tm (malignant actions of the sovereigns, entities, and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 395 Tm (individuals, foreign and domestic, that supported that) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 384 Tm (institution.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 384 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 384 Tm (Complaint asks the courts to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 373 Tm (reexamine a tragic period in our Nation's history and) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 361 Tm (to hold various corporate defendants liable for the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 350 Tm (commercial activities of their alleged predecessors) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 339 Tm (before, during, and after the Civil War in America.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 327 Tm (Defendants acknowledge that slavery) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 328 Tm (marked a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 316 Tm (deplorable period in our Nation's history. However,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 304 Tm (they assert that Plaintiffs' claims, which arise from) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 293 Tm (that period, cannot be heard in 2005 in a court of law.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 270 Tm (II.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 270 Tm (HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF SLAVERY) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 259 Tm (IN AMERICA) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 247 Tm (In essence, Plaintiffs') Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 247 Tm (Complaint is a claim for) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 236 Tm (reparations rooted in the historic injustices and the) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 224 Tm (i) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 225 Tm (mmorality of the institution of human chattel slavery) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 214 Tm (in the United States. To elucidate the nature of this) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 202 Tm (institution,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 202 Tm (the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 202 Tm (court) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 202 Tm (undertakes) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 203 Tm (an) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 203 Tm (analysis,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 191 Tm (necessarily brief, of the historical events surrounding) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 179 Tm (slavery, including the monumental event that ended) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 168 Tm (the institution of slavery in the United States, the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 156 Tm (Civil) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 157 Tm (War. The court also undertakes a brief analysis) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 145 Tm (of the present day slave reparations movement, in) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 134 Tm (order to illuminate the larger political context into) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 122 Tm (which this case falls.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 12 0 obj 12522 endobj 13 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 7 0 R /OP11Font1 8 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_0 5 0 R >> >> endobj 14 0 obj [ 9 0 R 11 0 R ] endobj 15 0 obj [ ] endobj 4 0 obj << /Annots 15 0 R /Contents 14 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 13 0 R /Thumb 5 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 17 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 18 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_1 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream <"9GtG0Fae9CфGDt]+:?E:?FѴGDtaYVXKI8FtNtGGDD$B5&DDDDg]EuDD/1a菗"AaH N|DDDDDDDG?莌#yq̻9DvDDD!.DDDDFbmIk8$DNDb2P菘FK#x?ZV aIDta DDDDG5tOc.DgLq":#Ɓ">!#@"""""# B&D|M#쎋hbH!PGVa|]E 0Dd莍y#C/eHDME@(#53Gt#8#8DYCA B1/ѴmL8!#duSt_.o$tqфs0"" Ј`e:6fh ePa^Vx9DDD F"#4ˣ莈#8Dt]PBaS#莌g#hr.)؈"ff:<莈tiL*$f"# endstream endobj 18 0 obj 707 endobj 19 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 20 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 21 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://hierarchy.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 101 472 141 485 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 22 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://hierarchy.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 144 474 154 485 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 23 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://hierarchy.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 158 474 162 483 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 24 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://hierarchy.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 162 474 165 484 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 25 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://World.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 430 657 487 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 26 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://World.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 487 657 490 667 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 27 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 435 611 453 622 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 28 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 453 611 456 621 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 29 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Guyana.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 402 552 466 566 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 30 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Guyana.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 466 554 469 564 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 31 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://rice.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 472 531 489 542 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 32 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://rice.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 494 532 504 542 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 33 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://rice.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 509 531 513 540 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 34 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://rice.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 513 531 516 541 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 35 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://born.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 385 486 406 497 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 36 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://born.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 410 486 420 497 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 37 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://born.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 425 486 429 495 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 38 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://born.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 429 486 432 496 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 39 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://colonies.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 357 349 414 360 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 40 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://colonies.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 415 349 417 359 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 41 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://cotton.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 491 224 532 235 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 42 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://cotton.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 315 213 319 222 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 43 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://cotton.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 319 213 322 222 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 44 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Africa.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 315 155 342 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 45 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Africa.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 347 156 357 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 46 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Africa.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 362 156 366 164 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 47 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Africa.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 367 156 369 165 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 48 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 375 88 385 99 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 49 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 393 88 397 96 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 50 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 397 88 400 98 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Length 52 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 101 476 m 141 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 144 476 m 154 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 158 476 m 162 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 162 476 m 165 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 430 659 m 487 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 487 659 m 490 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 435 613 m 453 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 453 613 m 456 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 402 556 m 466 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 466 556 m 469 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 472 534 m 489 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 494 534 m 504 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 509 534 m 513 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 513 534 m 516 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 385 488 m 406 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 410 488 m 420 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 425 488 m 429 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 429 488 m 432 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 357 351 m 414 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 415 351 m 417 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 491 227 m 532 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 315 215 m 319 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 319 215 m 322 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 315 158 m 342 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 347 158 m 357 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 362 158 m 366 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 367 158 m 369 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 375 90 m 385 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 393 90 m 397 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 397 90 m 400 90 l S endstream endobj 52 0 obj 1494 endobj 53 0 obj << /Length 54 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 741 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 729 Tm (\(N.D.I11.\)\)) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 693 Tm (In January of 1865, General William Tecumseh) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 681 Tm (Sherman of the Union forces, along with Secretary of) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 670 Tm (War Edwin Stanton, met with former slaves. Ira) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 659 Tm (Berlin,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 147 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 659 Tm (Generations of Captivity: A History of) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 647 Tm (African-American Slaves) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 647 Tm (2 \(2003\). The conversation) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 636 Tm (focused on two questions: from the point of view of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 624 Tm (the freed slave, what was the nature of slavery, and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 613 Tm (what was the nature of freedom? Id. Garrison Frazier,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 602 Tm (a sixty-seven year old former slave, explained that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 590 Tm ("[s]lavery) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 590 Tm (... is receiving by the) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 590 Tm (irresistible power) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 590 Tm (the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 579 Tm (work of another man, and not by his) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 579 Tm (consent." Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 567 Tm (Freedom, Frazier indicated, "is taking us from the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 556 Tm (yoke of bondage, and placing us where we could reap) Tj 1 0 0 1 59 545 Tm (the fruits of our own labor, take care of ourselves and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 533 Tm (assist the Government in maintaining our freedom.") Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 522 Tm (Id.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 522 Tm (Frazier's definition reminds us of the essential) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 511 Tm (unfairness of slavery: the slaveowner takes, by sheer) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 499 Tm (violence and force, the slave's freedom and labor in) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 488 Tm (order to place himself at the top of a society's) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 476 Tm (economic) Tj 0 0 1 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 476 Tm (hierarchy.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 476 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 476 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 476 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 476 Tm (3.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 453 Tm (B. A Brief History of Slavery in the New World) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 431 Tm (While slavery seems to have been a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 218 431 Tm (part) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 431 Tm (of human) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 419 Tm (history since the "dawn of civilization," African slave) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 408 Tm (trafficking in the New World began in the year 1502.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 396 Tm (Robert William Fogel,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 397 Tm (Without Consent or Contract:) Tj 1 0 0 1 60 385 Tm (The Rise and Fall of American Slavery) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 385 Tm (17-18 \(1991\).) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 374 Tm (Europeans were historically drawn to Africa for two) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 363 Tm (reasons: gold and slaves. Edward Reynolds,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 363 Tm (Stand the) Tj 139 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 351 Tm (Storm, A History of the Atlantic Slave Trade) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 268 351 Tm (28) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 340 Tm (\(1985\).) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 340 Tm (Those who) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 340 Tm (journeyed) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 340 Tm (to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 340 Tm (Africa seeking) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 328 Tm (slaves) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 328 Tm (for) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 328 Tm (the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 328 Tm (New World sometimes simply) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 317 Tm (kidnapped individuals who appeared before them by) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 306 Tm (happenstance. Herbert S. Klein,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 306 Tm (The Atlantic Slave) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 294 Tm (Trade) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 294 Tm (103 \(1999\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 294 Tm (However, historical evidence) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 282 Tm (indicates that a great deal \(perhaps even the majority\)) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 271 Tm (of the slave trade was made possible by African) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 260 Tm (leaders who sold African slaves to European slave) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 248 Tm (traders.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 248 Tm (Id.;) Tj 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 248 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 248 Tm (Reynolds,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 249 Tm (supra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 248 Tm (at) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 255 248 Tm (33-46) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 237 Tm (\(providing a detailed explanation of the African slave) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 226 Tm (market, and the economic mechanisms used to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 215 Tm (facilitate the sale of slaves from local African chiefs) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 203 Tm (to slave traders\). Local African leaders acquired these) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 192 Tm (slaves in several different ways: captives were taken) Tj 1 0 0 1 61 180 Tm (in local wars or raids, those imprisoned for crimes or) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 169 Tm (indebtedness) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 169 Tm (were often forced into slavery, and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 158 Tm (large states) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 158 Tm (would exact slaves as "tribute" from) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 146 Tm (smaller tribes under their control.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 146 Tm (See Klein, supra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 272 146 Tm (at) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 135 Tm (117.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 112 Tm (*2 Upon their sale to slave traders, slaves were) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 101 Tm (shipped to the New World in what became known as) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 90 Tm (the "Middle Passage." Slaves' heads were shaved,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 753 Tm (2) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 705 Tm (their bodies were branded and stripped naked, and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 693 Tm (their ankles were shackled.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 693 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 693 Tm (Reynolds,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 694 Tm (supra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 693 Tm (at) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 682 Tm (47. They were then led into the holds of slave ships,) Tj 1 0 0 1 313 670 Tm (where they were laid down alongside each other for) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 659 Tm (the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 659 Tm (journey) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 659 Tm (to the New) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 430 659 Tm (World. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 659 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 659 Tm (48.) Tj 1 0 0 1 516 659 Tm (The) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 648 Tm (prevalence of disease, lack of sufficient food and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 636 Tm (water, and constant confinement took its toll, with up) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 625 Tm (to one-quarter of the slaves on any given ship dying) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 613 Tm (during the "Middle Passage.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 435 613 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 613 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 613 Tm (48-53.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 591 Tm (African slaves in the New World were initially sold) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 579 Tm (into small sugar production operations in Brazil,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 568 Tm (Mexico, Peru, Cuba, Haiti, Jamaica, the British West) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 556 Tm (Indies,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 556 Tm (and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 556 Tm (Dutch) Tj 0 0 1 rg 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 556 Tm (Guyana. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 556 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 556 Tm (20-21.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 557 Tm (Other) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 545 Tm (African slaves were set to work producing such crops) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 533 Tm (as cocoa, coffee, hemp, tobacco, and) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 534 Tm (rice.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 534 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 534 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 534 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 534 Tm (21.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 522 Tm (By the 1680s, the small farm with its traditional) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 511 Tm (methods of operation had given way to more efficient) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 500 Tm (means of production, and the concept of the large) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 488 Tm ("plantation" was) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 385 488 Tm (born.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 488 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 488 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 488 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 488 Tm (23. Inefficient methods) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 477 Tm (of farming had been "replaced by large gangs of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 465 Tm (slaves,) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 465 Tm (working in lock step, and moving) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 454 Tm (methodically across vast fields." Id.) Tj 1 0 0 1 463 454 Tm (With this change) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 443 Tm (came an increase in the size of slave operations. By) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 431 Tm (the early part of the 1800s, many plantations in) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 420 Tm (Jamaica and the West Indies contained up to two) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 408 Tm (hundred and fifty slaves. Id.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 385 Tm (Slavery in North America began more slowly than) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 374 Tm (slavery in South America and the Caribbean. In 1680,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 363 Tm (there) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 363 Tm (were 7,000 slaves in the British North) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 351 Tm (American) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 357 351 Tm (colonies. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 351 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 352 Tm (29. Slavery as an economic) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 340 Tm (institution in North America, however, rapidly gained) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 329 Tm (momentum over the next fifty years. By the 1730s,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 317 Tm (roughly 120,000 slaves had been brought to the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 306 Tm (colonies and forced to work in such industries as) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 294 Tm (farming, tobacco production, and domestic service.) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 282 Tm (Id.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 283 Tm (By the middle of the 1700s, the institution of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 271 Tm (slavery in the United States began to concentrate in) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 260 Tm (the Southern colonies. It was in these colonies that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 249 Tm (plantations emerged, ready to take advantage of the) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 238 Tm (inexpensive labor slaves provided in the production) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 226 Tm (of such crops as tobacco, rice, sugar, and) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 491 227 Tm (cotton. Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 215 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 215 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 215 Tm (31.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 63 Tm ( 2005) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 63 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 1 0 0 1 273 63 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 192 Tm (During the years 1780 to 1810, the rapid expansion) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 181 Tm (of these industries was accompanied by a significant) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 169 Tm (increase in the number of slaves imported from) Tj 0 0 1 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 158 Tm (Africa.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 158 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 158 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 158 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 158 Tm (32. The increase in the importation of) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 147 Tm (slaves, along with the natural increase in the slave) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 135 Tm (population, soon gave the United States a dubious) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 124 Tm (distinction. By 1825, the population of slaves in the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 113 Tm (United States was roughly 1,750,000, making the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 101 Tm (United States the "leading user of slave labor in the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 90 Tm (new world.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 90 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 90 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 90 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 90 Tm (33.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 90 Tm (Slavery had become the) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 54 0 obj 12619 endobj 55 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 19 0 R /OP11Font1 20 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_1 17 0 R >> >> endobj 56 0 obj [ 51 0 R 53 0 R ] endobj 57 0 obj [ 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R 34 0 R 35 0 R 36 0 R 37 0 R 38 0 R 39 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R 44 0 R 45 0 R 46 0 R 47 0 R 48 0 R 49 0 R 50 0 R ] endobj 16 0 obj << /Annots 57 0 R /Contents 56 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 55 0 R /Thumb 17 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 59 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 60 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_2 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4q%1Dt]P":6:6to/`E" Ft}d|G=BL&qE!pJ"#"%Ffd|G>o],%c.7 L%pP8EDDC.."""9:#>\tGE #Ț'D5:bq3AC8&q KP B2tB](r%YJA DFCFGtqF|GFLT[ ($DDDDDDFtS< G6qDtGQ5#3Ϣ莋#:/F_"#1!EѸ]E˨LRQA"BGQ5$f3h8g#"#N"0!&PyXSsqʃt#"#B"""2Rg$f3Io:HDvGtGt_#"""""#3hGEш#:#h0 , ":&@%jHDt;9':qWA\De:'cˢ:.]DDL*F"3DGFDtGf# 1Ez@ ($mMP#taGh"#yDBY@Bˮ"""#4E4qEGFhoBEGD|0""# endstream endobj 60 0 obj 718 endobj 61 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 62 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://labor.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 182 658 226 669 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 63 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://labor.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 226 658 229 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 64 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 65 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://court.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 511 578 533 589 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 66 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://court.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 316 567 334 578 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 67 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://court.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 334 567 336 577 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 68 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://labor.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 465 373 511 385 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 69 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://labor.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 511 373 514 383 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 70 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 356 146 375 157 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 71 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 375 146 378 156 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 72 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 483 89 501 100 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 73 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 501 89 504 99 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 74 0 obj << /Length 75 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 182 660 m 226 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 226 661 m 229 661 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 192 501 m 215 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 178 467 m 201 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 353 m 111 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 113 353 m 118 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 296 m 118 296 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 157 216 m 224 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 228 216 m 232 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 238 217 m 264 217 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 453 638 m 531 638 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 511 581 m 533 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 316 569 m 334 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 334 569 m 336 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 465 376 m 511 376 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 511 376 m 514 376 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 356 148 m 375 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 375 148 m 378 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 483 92 m 501 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 501 91 m 504 91 l S endstream endobj 75 0 obj 994 endobj 76 0 obj << /Length 77 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 61 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 706 Tm (dominant economic force in the Southern United) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 695 Tm (States.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 695 Tm (Historians cite numerous factors for this) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 683 Tm (development, but it seems that two factors are the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 672 Tm (most significant. First, slave labor was inexpensive) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 660 Tm (compared to other sources of) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 182 660 Tm (labor. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 661 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 660 Tm (34. Second,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 649 Tm (slave masters in the Southern states were willing to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 638 Tm (expend an "enormous, almost unconstrained degree) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 626 Tm (of force ... to transform ancient modes of labor into a) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 615 Tm (new industrial discipline." Id. This "new industrial) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 604 Tm (discipline" was based on a division of labor scheme,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 592 Tm (enforced by brutality, and legally sanctioned.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 569 Tm (C. Slavery and American Law) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 546 Tm (*3 This violent and oppressive system was supported) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 535 Tm (by the United States legal system for a long period of) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 524 Tm (ti) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 524 Tm (me. Thus slavery was historically more than simply) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 513 Tm (a social and economic institution. It was also an) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 501 Tm (established legal institution.) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 501 Tm (fFN11) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 501 Tm (For instance,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 490 Tm (Article 1, Section 9 of the United States Constitution) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 478 Tm (has been traditionally understood to limit Congress') Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 467 Tm (power to regulate slavery.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 467 Tm ([FN21) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 467 Tm (It is thought that) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 456 Tm (this) Tj 1 0 0 1 83 456 Tm (Article) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 455 Tm (meant that Congress was denied the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 444 Tm (power to regulate the "internal slave trade, leaving) Tj 1 0 0 1 62 432 Tm (only importation from Africa to be prohibited after) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 421 Tm (1808.") Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 421 Tm (Walter Berns,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 421 Tm (The) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 188 421 Tm (Constitution) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 421 Tm (and the) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 410 Tm (Migration of Slaves,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 410 Tm (78 YALE L .J. 198 \(1968\).) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 398 Tm (Also, in 1850, Congress passed a statute supporting) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 387 Tm (the rights of slaveowners to capture escaped slaves.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 376 Tm (The Fugitive Slave Act provided that:) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 353 Tm (FN) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 353 Tm (1.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 353 Tm (Some Northern state statutes, however,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 342 Tm (stood firmly in opposition to slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 341 Tm (See) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 330 Tm (infra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 330 Tm (Part) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 330 Tm (ME \(discussing the Personal) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 319 Tm (Liberty Laws enacted in Northern States\).) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 296 Tm (FN2.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 296 Tm ("The Migration or Importation of such) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 285 Tm (Persons as any of the States now existing) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 273 Tm (shall think proper to admit, shall not be) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 262 Tm (prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 251 Tm (one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 239 Tm (Tax or duty may be imposed on such) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 228 Tm (Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 216 Tm (each Person.") Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 216 Tm (U.S. Const. art 1,) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 216 Tm () Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 217 Tm (9, cl. 1) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 216 Tm (.) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 194 Tm ([) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 194 Tm (W]hen a person held to service or labor in any) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 182 Tm (State) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 182 Tm (or) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 182 Tm (Territory) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 182 Tm (of the United States, has) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 171 Tm (heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 160 Tm (State or Territory of the United States, the person) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 148 Tm (or persons to whom such service or labor may be) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 137 Tm (due ... may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 126 Tm (...) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 126 Tm ([and may] take and remove such fugitive person) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 114 Tm (back to the State or Territory whence he or she) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 103 Tm (may have escaped as aforesaid.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 91 Tm (The Fugitive Slave Act, ch. 60, 6, 9 Stat. 462) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 706 Tm (\(1850\).) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 706 Tm (This) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 706 Tm (Act also provided for fines and/or) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 695 Tm (i) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 695 Tm (mprisonment for those who aided escaped slaves,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 683 Tm (and stipulated that both law enforcement personnel) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 672 Tm (and ordinary citizens were bound by law to aid in the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 660 Tm (capture of escaped slaves. Id. Finally, in the infamous) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 649 Tm (case of) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 649 Tm (Dred Scott v. Sandford,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 649 Tm (Scott,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 649 Tm (a slave,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 638 Tm (brought suit to gain his freedom.) Tj 1 0 0 1 453 638 Tm (60 U.S. 393 \(1856\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 638 Tm (.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 627 Tm (The Supreme Court of the United States held that) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 615 Tm (since Scott was a "negro, whose ancestors were) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 603 Tm (i) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 604 Tm (mported into this country, and sold as slaves," he) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 592 Tm (could not be a citizen of the United States, and hence) Tj 1 0 0 1 316 581 Tm (had no standing to bring suit in a United States) Tj 0 0 1 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 511 581 Tm (court.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 569 Tm (Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 569 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 570 Tm (403-04.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 546 Tm (D. Slavery and Morality) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 273 Tm (E, Slavery as a Cause of the Civil War) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 65 Tm (0 2005) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 65 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 754 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 754 Tm (3) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 524 Tm (The immorality of the institution of slavery is) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 512 Tm (obvious.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 512 Tm (However, scholars have attempted to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 501 Tm (explain exactly what it is about this institution that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 490 Tm (offends moral sensibilities. Two moral indictments of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 478 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 478 Tm (institution) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 478 Tm (are) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 479 Tm (significant.) Tj 1 0 0 1 470 478 Tm (First,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 479 Tm ("slavery) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 467 Tm (permitted) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 467 Tm (one) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 467 Tm (group) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 467 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 467 Tm (people) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 467 Tm (to) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 467 Tm (exercise) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 456 Tm (unrestrained personal domination over another group) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 444 Tm (of people." Fogel, supra at 394. The slave was) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 432 Tm (subject) Tj 1 0 0 1 355 432 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 432 Tm (abject) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 432 Tm (cruelty,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 432 Tm (both) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 433 Tm (physical) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 433 Tm (and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 421 Tm (psychological, by his or her masters in order for the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 410 Tm (master to maintain domination. Id. In one sense,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 398 Tm ("[t]he) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 398 Tm (extreme degree of domination required by this) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 387 Tm (system ... is the essential crime." Id. Second, the slave) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 376 Tm (was denied the fruits of his or her) Tj 0 0 1 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 376 Tm (labor. Id. a) Tj 1 0 0 1 511 376 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 376 Tm (395.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 365 Tm (Slaves were forced to work at physically grueling) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 353 Tm (tasks for very long hours without pay, thus it was) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 342 Tm (i) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 342 Tm (mpossible for the slave to improve his or her) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 330 Tm (economic position within society. Id The slave) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 319 Tm (simply had no resources or "opportunity ... to rise on) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 307 Tm (the economic ladder by acquiring land, labor skills,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 296 Tm (and other forms of capital." Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 251 Tm (*4 Historians have long debated whether slavery was) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 239 Tm (the single driving force behind the regional tensions) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 228 Tm (in the United States that eventually led to the Civil) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 217 Tm (War. "Although some scholars have held that slavery) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 205 Tm (was) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 205 Tm (the) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 205 Tm (cause [of the Civil) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 205 Tm (War], others have) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 194 Tm (developed complex analyses that draw distinctions) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 182 Tm (between immediate and ultimate causes and that) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 171 Tm (explore a variety of ways other than war that could) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 160 Tm (have settled or at least contained the issue of) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 148 Tm (slavery.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 148 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 148 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 148 Tm (411. This much, however, is clear: by) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 137 Tm (1861, tensions between the North and the South had) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 126 Tm (escalated to the extent that maintaining peace would) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 114 Tm (have required that the Northern states allow the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 103 Tm (permanent "existence of an independent confederacy) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 91 Tm (dedicated to the promotion of slavery.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 92 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 91 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 91 Tm (413. In) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 77 0 obj 11481 endobj 78 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 61 0 R /OP11Font1 64 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_2 59 0 R >> >> endobj 79 0 obj [ 74 0 R 76 0 R ] endobj 80 0 obj [ 62 0 R 63 0 R 65 0 R 66 0 R 67 0 R 68 0 R 69 0 R 70 0 R 71 0 R 72 0 R 73 0 R ] endobj 58 0 obj << /Annots 80 0 R /Contents 79 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 78 0 R /Thumb 59 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 82 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 83 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_3 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream h#$)H>GQD|0GF#hDRGQ6qGaDDDGaFJ8.tmb"#R Fg#]  #t}ĎDfy.Eˢ:8莡"" <]tGF.xP{\uDtG.%8?хDBDDi!0""34]/Dty#Ⱥ`:"LjFDB qQE_#qmDD85H#GF#ȎB" "eÈA29T@L.&GDtjDu0ax#h#yH4_¨(p(r8> endobj 85 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 86 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://death.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 66 167 112 178 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 87 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://death.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 113 167 115 176 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 88 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://itself.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 237 122 281 133 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 89 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://itself.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 281 122 284 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 90 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://fort.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 435 691 452 702 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 91 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://fort.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 458 691 468 703 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 92 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://fort.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 475 691 479 700 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 93 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://fort.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 480 691 482 701 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 94 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://War.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 404 657 445 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 95 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://War.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 445 658 448 667 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 96 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 318 552 495 566 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 97 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 495 555 503 564 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 98 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://celebration.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 443 361 513 373 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 99 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://celebration.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 514 362 516 372 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 100 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://soldiers.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 319 315 379 326 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 101 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://soldiers.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 380 316 382 326 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 102 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 514 155 538 168 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 103 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 320 145 473 157 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 104 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.htm) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 473 146 480 154 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 105 0 obj << /Length 106 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 66 169 m 112 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 113 169 m 115 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 237 124 m 281 124 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 281 124 m 284 124 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 435 694 m 452 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 458 694 m 468 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 475 694 m 479 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 480 694 m 482 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 404 660 m 445 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 445 660 m 448 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 318 557 m 495 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 495 557 m 503 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 443 364 m 513 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 514 364 m 516 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 319 318 m 379 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 380 318 m 382 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 514 159 m 538 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 320 148 m 473 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 473 148 m 480 148 l S endstream endobj 106 0 obj 949 endobj 107 0 obj << /Length 108 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 63 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 740 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 740 Tm (F.Supp.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 740 Tm (2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 740 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 729 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 704 Tm (other words, by 1861, tensions between the North) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 693 Tm (and the South had increased to such a pitch that the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 682 Tm (only way slavery would be abolished throughout the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 670 Tm (entire nation was through armed conflict.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 648 Tm (A great deal of the tension between the North and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 636 Tm (the) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 636 Tm (South had to do with the Northern states') Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 625 Tm (promulgation of Personal Liberty Laws. "In his) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 613 Tm (annual message to Congress of December 3, 1860,) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 602 Tm ([President] James Buchanan warned that the South) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 590 Tm (') Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 590 Tm (would be justified in revolutionary resistance to the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 579 Tm (Government of the Union' if northern states did not) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (repeal their Personal Liberty Laws." Thomas D.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 556 Tm (Morris,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 556 Tm (Free Men All: The Personal Liberty Laws of) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 545 Tm (the North 1780-1861) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 545 Tm (202 \(1974\). These laws were) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 534 Tm (devised and implemented by many Northern states to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 522 Tm (make it very difficult for slave owners to capture) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 511 Tm (escaped slaves who had taken up residence in those) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 499 Tm (states.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 476 Tm (The court does not claim objective knowledge of the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 465 Tm (ultimate cause of the Civil War. Certainly, however,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 454 Tm (tensions marked by the North's moral outrage at the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 442 Tm (institution) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 443 Tm (of chattel slavery, and the South's) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 431 Tm (indignation at the North's promulgation of Personal) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 420 Tm (Liberty Laws, contributed significantly to the advent) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 408 Tm (of war.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 385 Tm (F. The Civil War) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 363 Tm (Fort Sumter, located in the Charleston harbor, South) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 351 Tm (Carolina, was one of just four Federal fortifications) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 340 Tm (left in Confederate territory in 1861. Shelby Foote,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 328 Tm (The) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 89 328 Tm (Civil) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 328 Tm (War,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 328 Tm (A Narrative:) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 328 Tm (Fort) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 329 Tm (Sumter to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 317 Tm (Perryville) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 317 Tm (44 \(Vintage Books 1986\) \(1958\). The) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 306 Tm (government of South Carolina had made protests to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 294 Tm (Washington regarding the presence of a Federal) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 283 Tm (fortification) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 283 Tm (within its borders, but those protests) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 271 Tm (were ignored. Id. Instead,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 272 Tm (Washington decided to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 260 Tm (reinforce Fort Sumter with men and supplies. Id.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 249 Tm (However, when local gunmen opened fire on a Union) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 237 Tm (steamer attempting to bring these reinforcements to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 226 Tm (Fort Sumter, the steamer was forced to turn away. Id.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 215 Tm (By March of 1861, Fort Sumter was surrounded by) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 203 Tm (Confederate forces, and was cut off from fresh) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 192 Tm (supplies. Id. By April of that year, the Federal forces) Tj 36 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 180 Tm (i) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 181 Tm (nside Fort Sumter were in danger of starving to) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 169 Tm (death. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 169 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 169 Tm (48. The time had come for Washington) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 158 Tm (to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 158 Tm (make a decision--abandon Fort Sumter, or again) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 147 Tm (attempt to resupply it.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 147 Tm (Washington was aware that) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 135 Tm (another attempt to bring supplies to Fort Sumter) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 124 Tm (might well provoke an attack on the fort) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 124 Tm (itself. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 281 124 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 113 Tm (47. This time, however, the attack would not come) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 101 Tm (from local gunmen, but from Confederate forces. Id.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 90 Tm (Washington decided not to cave in to Confederate) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 753 Tm (Page 4) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 705 Tm (pressures, and attempted to bring fresh provisions) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 693 Tm (and reinforcements to the) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 694 Tm (fort.) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 694 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 694 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 694 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 694 Tm (47.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 694 Tm (On the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 682 Tm (morning of April 12, 1861, with Union supply ships) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 671 Tm (within sight of Fort Sumter, the Confederacy fired the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 659 Tm (first shot of the Civil) Tj 0 0 1 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 660 Tm (War. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 660 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 660 Tm (49.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 637 Tm (*5 The four-year Civil War was fought by means of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 625 Tm (a series of pitched battles, each one seemingly more) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 614 Tm (horrific than the last. The first true battle of the war,) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 603 Tm (the battle of Bull Run, resulted in the deaths of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 591 Tm (roughly 2,700 Union soldiers and 2,000 Confederate) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 579 Tm (soldiers.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 580 Tm (The Price in Blood, Casualties in the Civil) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 568 Tm (War,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 569 Tm (at) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 557 Tm (http://www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.ht) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 557 Tm (m) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 557 Tm (.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 557 Tm (Other) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 545 Tm (battles,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 546 Tm (at) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 546 Tm (places) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 546 Tm (like) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 546 Tm (Gettysburg,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 546 Tm (Antietam,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 534 Tm (Fredericksburg,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 534 Tm (Wilson's Creek, Spotslyvania, Cold) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 523 Tm (Harbor, and Franklin took the lives of tens of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 511 Tm (thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers. Id. The) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 500 Tm (final campaign of the war, fought in the vicinity of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 489 Tm (Appomattox, Virginia, resulted in a combined 17,500) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 477 Tm (battle deaths. Id.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 454 Tm (Following the Appomattox campaign, on April 9,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 443 Tm (1865,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 443 Tm (Union General Ulysses S. Grant received) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (Confederate General Robert E. Lee at Appomattox) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 420 Tm (Courthouse, where the two generals agreed upon the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (terms of Lee's surrender. Shelby Foote,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 409 Tm (The Civil) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 397 Tm (War, A Narrative: Red River to Appomattox) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 398 Tm (945-51) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 386 Tm (\(Vintage Books 1986\) \(1974\). Shortly thereafter,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 375 Tm (Grant rode out towards his headquarters, where) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 363 Tm (Union batteries were firing in) Tj 0 0 1 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 364 Tm (celebration. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 364 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 364 Tm (950-) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 352 Tm (51.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 352 Tm (Grant insisted the batteries stop firing, worried) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (that the noise might spark a skirmish between his) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 329 Tm (troops and the nearby, and still armed, Confederate) Tj 0 0 1 rg 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 318 Tm (soldiers. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 318 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 318 Tm (951. There was, however, another) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 307 Tm (more important reason Grant considered it "unfitting") Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (for his troops to be firing their weapons at that point:) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 284 Tm (" 'The war is over,' he told his staff. 'The rebels are) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 272 Tm (our countrymen again.'" Id.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 63 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 63 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 250 Tm (All in all, approximately 620,000 Americans died in) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 238 Tm (the Civil) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 238 Tm (War; Union forces fighting to end slavery) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 227 Tm (suffered) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 227 Tm (360,000) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 227 Tm (of these deaths. James) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 228 Tm (M.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 215 Tm (McPherson,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 216 Tm (Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 204 Tm (Era) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 204 Tm (854 \(Oxford University Press 1988\). There were) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 193 Tm (178,975 African-American Union troops that fought) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 181 Tm (in the Civil War, and 36,000 of those troops died) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 170 Tm (during the war.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 170 Tm (The Price in Blood, Casualties in the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 159 Tm (Civil) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 159 Tm (War,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 159 Tm (at) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 159 Tm (http://) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (www.civilwarhome.com/casualties.ht) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 148 Tm (m) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 148 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 148 Tm (An analysis) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 136 Tm (as brief as this cannot do justice to the tremendous) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 124 Tm (sacrifices) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 125 Tm (made by both Union and Confederate) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 114 Tm (soldiers in this war. Since the Civil War, America has) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 102 Tm (been involved in a number of armed conflicts, but, by) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (some estimates, the fatalities America suffered in the) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 108 0 obj 11417 endobj 109 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 84 0 R /OP11Font1 85 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_3 82 0 R >> >> endobj 110 0 obj [ 105 0 R 107 0 R ] endobj 111 0 obj [ 86 0 R 87 0 R 88 0 R 89 0 R 90 0 R 91 0 R 92 0 R 93 0 R 94 0 R 95 0 R 96 0 R 97 0 R 98 0 R 99 0 R 100 0 R 101 0 R 102 0 R 103 0 R 104 0 R ] endobj 81 0 obj << /Annots 111 0 R /Contents 110 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 109 0 R /Thumb 82 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 113 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 114 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_4 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream Uu!L8YNP)戎4i˳F"2EFhq`]2?|ڈ.:#aFK0":#:/Јf_60#lf?ME)""""#&ft_4GDtGD|b".m$B"""1 B'DxDtB#Gf":.6mQ3yt]e.":?G>ADDDdmѼ#:0ڈHޒ 2GF34uT C 轙F6Rr:҉_3G#Ψ_..菑C !6#to:H+(p#<":"GB,C4Fh7+.e "#4F9莎":#A":#! !eA)9:#1D|Dz莢"38qD莍!E@rDDDfl0e:# QP8YmQ&(+DDL!ePFOy̎#쎢""1*IDDfDtaDh.׻.iQe}E)""#ď":>]DFREQf#Dt^7QL]DDD endstream endobj 114 0 obj 683 endobj 115 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 116 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 117 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 118 0 obj << /Length 119 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 231 421 m 248 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 256 421 m 281 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 363 m 104 363 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 318 m 171 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 307 m 537 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 296 m 443 296 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 448 296 m 537 296 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 285 m 363 285 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 385 228 m 538 228 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 216 m 329 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 338 216 m 412 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 424 216 m 473 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 485 216 m 492 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 217 m 538 217 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 489 205 m 511 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 193 m 359 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 410 149 m 539 149 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 137 m 486 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 493 137 m 538 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 126 m 487 126 l S endstream endobj 119 0 obj 998 endobj 120 0 obj << /Length 121 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 63 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 742 Tm (---) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 742 Tm (F.Supp.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 742 Tm (2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 742 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 730 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 705 Tm (Civil) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 705 Tm (War exceeds the total number of fatalities) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 694 Tm (America has suffered in all its other wars. Id. The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 682 Tm (Civil) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 683 Tm (War, the war that ended the institution of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 671 Tm (chattel) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 671 Tm (slavery in the United States, was truly) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 660 Tm (America's bloodiest war.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 637 Tm (G. The Abolishment of Slavery) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 614 Tm (On January 1, 1863, in the midst of the Civil War,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 603 Tm (President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 591 Tm (Proclamation. That document reads in part: "I do) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 580 Tm (order and declare that all persons held as slaves) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 569 Tm (within) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 569 Tm (said) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 569 Tm (designated) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 569 Tm (States) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 569 Tm (...) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 569 Tm (are,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 267 569 Tm (and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 557 Tm (henceforward shall be free...." Abraham Lincoln, The) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 546 Tm (Emancipation Proclamation, Exec. Proclamation No.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 534 Tm (17 \(Jan. 1, 1863\), reprinted in 12 Stat. 1268 \(1863\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 512 Tm (*6 Following the war, Congress acted to formally) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 500 Tm (abolish) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 500 Tm (slavery) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 500 Tm (by) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 500 Tm (proposing) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 500 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 500 Tm (Thirteenth) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 489 Tm (Amendment to the United States Constitution. That) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 477 Tm (Amendment was ratified on December 6, 1865.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 466 Tm (Section 1 of that Amendment reads: "Neither slavery) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 455 Tm (nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 443 Tm (crime) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 443 Tm (whereof the party shall have been duly) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 432 Tm (convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 420 Tm (place subject to their jurisdiction.") Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 421 Tm (U.S.) Tj 1 0 0 1 256 421 Tm (Const.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 409 Tm (amend. XIII, 1.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 386 Tm (Also, the Fourteenth Amendment to the United) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 375 Tm (States) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 375 Tm (Constitution) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 375 Tm (was ratified on July 9, 1868.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 363 Tm (Section 1) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 363 Tm (of that Amendment reads: "All persons) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 352 Tm (born or naturalized in the United States, and subject) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 341 Tm (to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 329 Tm (States and of the State wherein they reside." U.S.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 318 Tm (Const. amend. XIV, 1) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 318 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 318 Tm (In effect, the Fourteenth) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 307 Tm (Amendment overruled the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 307 Tm (Dred Scott) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 307 Tm (decision,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 295 Tm (making freed slaves citizens of the United States.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 273 Tm (Following the Civil War, the South was bankrupt,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 261 Tm (and an estimated four million African-Americans) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 249 Tm (assumed) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 250 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 250 Tm (responsibilities) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 250 Tm (of) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 250 Tm (freedom as) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 238 Tm (nationalism emerged. These lingering effects led to) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 227 Tm (the Reconstruction era, a significant period in our) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 215 Tm (Nations history,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 216 Tm (which addressed the numerous) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 204 Tm (issues raised by the abolition of slavery and the war) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (fought to achieve that end.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 170 Tm (H. The Modern Slave Reparations Movement) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 147 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 1 0 0 1 117 147 Tm (Second) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 148 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 148 Tm (and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 148 Tm (Amended) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 136 Tm (Complaint falls) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 136 Tm (within the broader context of a) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 125 Tm (present and ongoing social and political movement) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (for slave reparations in America. In order to properly) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 102 Tm (place this suit within the context of that movement,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 91 Tm (the court offers a brief analysis of recent efforts) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 671 Tm (1. A Definition of "Reparations") Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 64 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 754 Tm (Page 5) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 706 Tm (undertaken by various groups to gain reparations for) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 694 Tm (the historic injustices of slavery.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 649 Tm (A complete definition of the term "reparations" will) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 638 Tm (answer, at least, the following questions.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 638 Tm (What) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 626 Tm (political,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 626 Tm (moral, or legal justification is there for the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 614 Tm (assertion that descendants of slaves are owed some) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 603 Tm (sort of reparations?) Tj 1 0 0 1 403 603 Tm (What are the arguments against) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 592 Tm (reparations? Assuming reparations are justified, what) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 581 Tm (form should these reparations take? Which specific) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 569 Tm (individuals or groups will pay these reparations? To) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 558 Tm (which specific individuals or groups will these) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 546 Tm (reparations be paid?) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 523 Tm (In) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 523 Tm (general,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 524 Tm (reparations) Tj 1 0 0 1 439 524 Tm (advocates) Tj 1 0 0 1 489 524 Tm (argue) Tj 1 0 0 1 522 524 Tm (that) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 512 Tm (reparations are justified because America itself owes) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 501 Tm (a debt to the descendants of slaves. America owes) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 489 Tm (this debt, advocates assert, simply because the slaves) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 478 Tm (themselves were never paid for their labor. "[B]lack) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 466 Tm (people) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 467 Tm (worked long, hard, killing days, years,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 455 Tm (centuries--and they were never) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 456 Tm (paid ....) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 456 Tm (There is a) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 444 Tm (debt here.") Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 444 Tm (Randall) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 444 Tm (Robinson,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 444 Tm (The) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 444 Tm (Debt:) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 517 444 Tm (What) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (America Owes to Blacks) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 433 Tm (207 \(2000\). In other words,) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 421 Tm (the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 421 Tm (basic) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 421 Tm (moral principle of fairness, and the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 410 Tm (fundamental legal principle that parties must repay) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 398 Tm (their) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 398 Tm (debts, justifies reparations. "[B]elief in the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 387 Tm (fairness of reparations requires at the intellectual) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 376 Tm (level acceptance of the principle that the victims of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (unjust enrichment should be compensated. Under) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 353 Tm (reparations,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 353 Tm (Blacks) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 353 Tm (more readily) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 353 Tm (may position) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (themselves as creditors seeking payment of an) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 330 Tm (overdue debt, rather than as racial supplicants) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 319 Tm (seeking an undeserved preference." Robert Westley,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 307 Tm (Many Billions Gone: Is It Time to Reconsider the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 296 Tm (Case for Black Reparations?,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 448 296 Tm (40 B.C. L.REV. 429,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 285 Tm (436 \(1998\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 285 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 262 Tm (*7) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 262 Tm (Other advocates argue that reparations are) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 251 Tm (justified as a way to "repair a country by creating a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 239 Tm (sense of mutual, interracial trust, respect, and shared) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 228 Tm (destiny." Note,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 228 Tm (Bridging the Color Line: The Power) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 216 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 216 Tm (African-American) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 216 Tm (Reparations) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 216 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 217 Tm (Redirect) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 205 Tm (America's Future) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 205 Tm (115 HARV. L.REV.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 205 Tm (1689,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 516 205 Tm (1689-) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 193 Tm (90 \(2002\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 194 Tm (\(hereinafter, "Note"\). Still others argue that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 182 Tm (reparations for descendants of slaves are justified) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 171 Tm (because other groups that have suffered historical) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 160 Tm (harms have been able to obtain reparations.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 160 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (Alfred L. Brophy,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 410 149 Tm (Some Conceptual and Legal) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 137 Tm (Problems in Reparations for Slavery.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 137 Tm (58 N.Y.U.) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 126 Tm (ANN. SURV. AM. L. 497, 499 \(2003\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 126 Tm (\(hereinafter) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 114 Tm ("Conceptual and Legal Problems "\)) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 114 Tm (\(noting that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 103 Tm ("Native) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 102 Tm (Americans,) Tj 1 0 0 1 421 103 Tm (Holocaust) Tj 1 0 0 1 474 103 Tm (victims,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 103 Tm ([and]) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (Japanese Americans interned during World War 11") Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 121 0 obj 11332 endobj 122 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 115 0 R /OP11Font1 116 0 R /OP11Font2 117 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_4 113 0 R >> >> endobj 123 0 obj [ 118 0 R 120 0 R ] endobj 124 0 obj [ ] endobj 112 0 obj << /Annots 124 0 R /Contents 123 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 122 0 R /Thumb 113 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 126 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 127 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_5 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream UuE莢""#3"D"0(4Dt_.(% 83DDDDDFUGY6莈.S{ DDDqEѴG##yuq 8?://EѴ]$GTB"hB"21B32@<]GGDu"(e.莈f":<>G-[EʵQ<dtc C(vDtGQD418Fc9ȼq,:.aG莣i A0IeKDDDDDDFB"VHtNaE"& EL!vGЈeqB#!>GEшo#Gdtg̏9@&i$NHx莎#渎""4}ЌD ffmD|/?Q# 0b.""1h"9Qgˆ endstream endobj 127 0 obj 742 endobj 128 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 129 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 108 510 118 521 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 130 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 124 510 128 519 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 131 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 128 510 131 520 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 132 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://groups.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 317 189 373 203 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 133 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://groups.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 373 191 376 201 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 134 0 obj << /Length 135 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 108 513 m 118 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 124 513 m 128 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 128 513 m 131 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 317 194 m 373 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 373 194 m 376 194 l S endstream endobj 135 0 obj 250 endobj 136 0 obj << /Length 137 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 63 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 731 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 707 Tm (have obtained reparations\).) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 684 Tm (However, opponents of slave reparations identify a) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 672 Tm (number of reasons, they assert, that reparations are) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 661 Tm (unjust or unwise. Alfred L. Brophy, The Cultural) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 649 Tm (War over Reparations for Slavery, 53 DEPAUL) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 638 Tm (LREV. 1181, 1201-02 \(2004\) \(hereinafter "Cultural) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 627 Tm (War "\); see also David Horowitz, Uncivil Wars: The) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 615 Tm (Controversy over Reparations for Slavery 12-16) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 604 Tm (\(2002\) \(identifying ten separate arguments against) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 593 Tm (reparations\). The court will briefly summarize what) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 581 Tm (seem to be the most cogent of these arguments. Some) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 570 Tm (assert that there is no genuine moral or legal liability) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 558 Tm (on the part of those who are currently asked to pay) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 547 Tm (the reparations.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 547 Tm (Cultural) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 547 Tm (War, supra, at 1202-06.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 535 Tm (This argument focuses on the fundamental notion that) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 524 Tm ("one should be liable only for the harms one) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 513 Tm (causes....") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 513 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 513 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 513 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 512 Tm (1202. Since today's Americans do) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 502 Tm (not) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 501 Tm (hold) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 501 Tm (slaves,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 501 Tm (the) Tj 1 0 0 1 174 501 Tm (argument) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 501 Tm (goes,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 253 501 Tm (today's) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 490 Tm (Americans are not morally or legally liable for the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 478 Tm (evils of slavery. Id. Others argue that the reparations) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 467 Tm (asked for have, in fact, already been paid.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 456 Tm (Since the passage of the Civil Rights Act and the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 444 Tm (advent of the Great Society in 1965, trillions of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 433 Tm (dollars in transfer payments have been made to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 422 Tm (African-Americans in the form of welfare benefits) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 410 Tm (and racial preferences \(in contracts, job placements) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 399 Tm (and educational admissions\).... It is said that) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 387 Tm (reparations are necessary to achieve a healing) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 376 Tm (between African-Americans and other Americans.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 365 Tm (If) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 365 Tm (trillion-dollar) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 365 Tm (restitutions) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 364 Tm (and a wholesale) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 353 Tm (rewriting) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 353 Tm (of) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 353 Tm (American law \(in order to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 342 Tm (accommodate racial preferences\) is not enough to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 331 Tm (achieve a "healing," what is?) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 319 Tm (Horowitz, supra, at 14; see also CHICAGO, ILL.,) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 308 Tm (ORDINANCE 2-92-420 et seq. \(providing that) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 297 Tm (") Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 296 Tm (Minority-owned) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 296 Tm (business[es],") Tj 1 0 0 1 211 296 Tm (including) Tj 1 0 0 1 259 296 Tm (those) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 285 Tm (businesses) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 285 Tm (owned by African-Americans, are to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 273 Tm (receive at least twenty-five percent of the dollar value) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 262 Tm (of any contract, purchase order, or agreement) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 251 Tm (awarded by the City of Chicago\). Some also argue) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 240 Tm (that the Civil) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 239 Tm (War itself was payment, in blood and) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 228 Tm (human lives, for slavery. Cultural War, supra, at) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 217 Tm (1208; see also Horowitz, supra, at 15 \("If not for the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 205 Tm (sacrifices of white soldiers and a white American) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 194 Tm (president who gave his life to sign the Emancipation) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 183 Tm (Proclamation, blacks in America would still be) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 171 Tm (slaves"\). Finally, a common argument made against) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 160 Tm (reparations is that reparations talk is divisive, and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 149 Tm (continues to enmesh African-Americans in a culture) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 137 Tm (of victimbood. Cultural) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 137 Tm (War, supra, at 1209-10) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 126 Tm (\("[talk of reparations] makes blacks think that whites) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 114 Tm (as a group are their oppressors; it makes whites who) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 103 Tm (have no responsibility for the sins of the past feel like) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 92 Tm (oppressors and plays on feelings of guilt"\).) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 65 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 65 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 753 Tm (6) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 695 Tm (*8) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 695 Tm (Advocates) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 695 Tm (of reparations) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 695 Tm (differ) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 695 Tm (in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 517 694 Tm (their) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 683 Tm (assessments of exactly what form reparations ought) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 672 Tm (to take. Some reparations advocates assert that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 660 Tm (reparations should start with a formal apology from) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 649 Tm (America, as well as the establishment of "truth) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 637 Tm (commissions" to investigate the complicity of various) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 626 Tm (groups or organizations in slavery. Cultural War,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 615 Tm (supra, at 1185-1189; see also CHICAGO, ILL.,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 603 Tm (ORDINANCE 2-92-585 \(requiring parties entering) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 592 Tm (into) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 592 Tm (contracts) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 592 Tm (with the city to search company) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 581 Tm (records, and provide "full and accurate disclosure to) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 569 Tm (the public about any slavery policies sold by any) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 558 Tm (companies, or profits from slavery by other industries) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 546 Tm (\(or their predecessors\) who are doing business with) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 535 Tm (the city"\); S. Res. 39, 109th Cong. \(2005\) \(formally) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 523 Tm (apologizing for the Senate's failure to enact anti-) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 512 Tm (lynching legislation, and expressing sympathy to the) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 501 Tm (descendants of victims of lynching\). Apologies,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 489 Tm ("truth commissions," and local ordinances requiring) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 478 Tm (companies to disclose ties to slavery, are thought by) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 467 Tm (some to be a first step along the road to full) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 455 Tm (reparations. "By preparing people to understand the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 444 Tm (nature of the harm and why reparations are needed,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 433 Tm (they are a way of making the claim before the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 421 Tm (public." Cultural War, supra, at 1188.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 398 Tm (Most commonly, however, the term "reparations") Tj 1 0 0 1 317 387 Tm (simply means some sort of financial compensation) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 376 Tm (for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 376 Tm (descendants) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 376 Tm (of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 376 Tm (slaves.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 376 Tm (Some reparations) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 364 Tm (advocates have proposed that reparations take the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 353 Tm (form of a "trust ... established for the benefit of all) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 342 Tm (Black Americans." Westley, supra, at 470; see also) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 330 Tm (Robinson, supra, at 244-45. This trust "should be) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 319 Tm (financed by funds drawn annually from the general) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 307 Tm (revenue of the United States," and the funds would) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 296 Tm ("be expendable on any project or pursuit aimed at the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 285 Tm (educational and economic empowerment" of African-) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 273 Tm (Americans.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 273 Tm (Westley, supra, at 470. Specifically,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 262 Tm (advocates of reparations assert that trust funds should) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 250 Tm (be used to finance the creation of special schools for) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 239 Tm (black children found to be "at risk in unhealthy) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 228 Tm (family and neighborhood environments." Robinson,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 217 Tm (supra, at 244-45. These funds could also be used to) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 205 Tm (finance the work of black political and advocacy) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 317 194 Tm (groups. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 194 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 381 194 Tm (245-46. Other reparations advocates) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 182 Tm (propose that reparations take "the form of subsidies) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 171 Tm (to black-owned businesses, investment in education) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 160 Tm (programs and scholarships for black youths, training) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 148 Tm (programs for black workers, affirmative action) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 137 Tm (programs,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 137 Tm (resources) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 137 Tm (for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 137 Tm (community-based) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 126 Tm (organizations in predominantly black communities,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 114 Tm (and development and implementation of programs) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 103 Tm (designed to educate the country about the legacy of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 91 Tm (slavery." Note, supra, at 1690.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 137 0 obj 10726 endobj 138 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 128 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_5 126 0 R >> >> endobj 139 0 obj [ 134 0 R 136 0 R ] endobj 140 0 obj [ 129 0 R 130 0 R 131 0 R 132 0 R 133 0 R ] endobj 125 0 obj << /Annots 140 0 R /Contents 139 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 138 0 R /Thumb 126 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 142 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 143 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_6 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream RQˆ莍zf!t$mEњ8aB/Ds#t]"쏑Dt}t A*l-8C #(AB1F#:.>^.ˣ ) BbU@! њM8mG#H/A B"1Iѩ#x"莡" "3L#tmDtGG:#|6":TAz+dt q:#9d|#|MB#a"""""9c#tc%:/DRA!hE6N":HFQHDR:'B]/#3ȎF2>_# P5) SqT#D DO":!FP":.c#.DDDDDDd:B|F: "莈uhXA@y!9`eDH. 9U#;'6@Eʄ#"""""9Gˢ:##yGaMHDf/Aχ)ɹXr!!Db"3L.GAl$V#G|GQtGDyE"'ADft_/fў]Ѽ""""""9.2>G# endstream endobj 143 0 obj 740 endobj 144 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 145 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 146 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 138 441 147 452 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 147 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 156 441 160 450 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 148 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 161 441 164 451 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 149 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 230 418 249 429 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 150 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 249 418 252 428 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 151 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 62 350 71 361 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 152 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 78 350 82 358 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 153 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 82 350 84 359 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 154 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 118 315 135 326 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 155 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 136 316 138 325 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 156 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 157 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 381 190 407 201 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 158 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 412 191 431 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 159 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 431 191 434 201 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 160 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 355 156 372 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 161 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 373 156 375 166 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 162 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 508 111 534 122 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 163 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 317 100 326 110 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 164 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 335 100 339 108 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 165 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://slaves.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 339 100 342 109 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 166 0 obj << /Length 167 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 131 557 m 239 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 244 557 m 278 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 546 m 72 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 79 546 m 109 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 546 m 124 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 128 546 m 159 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 167 546 m 278 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 534 m 87 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 138 443 m 147 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 156 443 m 160 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 161 443 m 164 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 171 443 m 217 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 230 420 m 249 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 249 420 m 252 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 256 420 m 278 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 62 352 m 71 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 78 352 m 82 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 82 352 m 84 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 90 352 m 112 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 118 318 m 135 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 136 318 m 138 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 396 260 m 403 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 408 261 m 471 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 480 261 m 534 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 250 m 518 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 524 250 m 534 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 238 m 452 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 381 193 m 407 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 412 193 m 431 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 431 193 m 434 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 438 193 m 468 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 355 158 m 372 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 373 159 m 375 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 508 113 m 534 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 317 102 m 326 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 335 102 m 339 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 339 102 m 342 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 349 102 m 379 102 l S endstream endobj 167 0 obj 1888 endobj 168 0 obj << /Length 169 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 60 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 742 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 742 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 742 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 694 Tm (The reparations movement has thus moved towards) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 682 Tm (the notion that reparations should be directed towards) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 671 Tm (certain) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 671 Tm (groups of people, rather than specific) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 660 Tm (individuals. "Pro-reparation positions) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 659 Tm (more readily) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 648 Tm (see harm to entire groups and want to repair that) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 637 Tm (economic and psychological harm.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 637 Tm (Conceptual and) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 625 Tm (Legal Problems, supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 625 Tm (at 509;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 625 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 625 Tm (Robinson,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 614 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 89 614 Tm (at 244-46 \(advocating group reparations\). The) Tj 1 0 0 1 61 603 Tm (group entitled to receive reparations would obviously) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 591 Tm (consist of descendants of slaves, and determining) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 580 Tm (exactly who is and is not a member of this group) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 568 Tm (could be done in a number of different ways.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 568 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 557 Tm (Kevin Hopkins,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 557 Tm (Forgive U.S. Our Debts?) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 557 Tm (Righting) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 546 Tm (the) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 546 Tm (Wrongs) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 546 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 546 Tm (Slavery,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 546 Tm (89 GEO. L.J. 2531, 2542) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 534 Tm (2\(001\)) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 534 Tm (\(proposing that genealogical research, blood) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 523 Tm (testing,) Tj 1 0 0 1 98 523 Tm (or) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 523 Tm (genetic) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 523 Tm (mapping could be used to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 511 Tm (determine whether one is a legitimate descendant of) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 500 Tm (slaves\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 477 Tm (*9 However, there may well be no perfect method of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 466 Tm (determining exactly who is a descendant of a slave,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 454 Tm (and thus a member of the group entitled to receive) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 443 Tm (reparations.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 443 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 443 Tm (id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 443 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 443 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 443 Tm (2542-2547.) Tj 1 0 0 1 226 443 Tm (Genealogical) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 432 Tm (research) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 432 Tm ("often) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 432 Tm (fails) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 432 Tm (to) Tj 1 0 0 1 193 432 Tm (provide) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 432 Tm (significant) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 420 Tm (information about a persons ancestry.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 420 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 420 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 256 420 Tm (2543.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 409 Tm (The blood, or "one-drop," test \(whereby anyone with) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 397 Tm (any trace of African ancestry is deemed part of the) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 386 Tm (group entitled to receive reparations\) "fails to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 375 Tm (differentiate between descendants of U.S. slaves and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 363 Tm (those of other nationalities with African heritage....") Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font1 8 Tf 1 0 0 1 62 352 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 352 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 352 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 352 Tm (2544.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 352 Tm (Genetic) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 352 Tm (mapping, or DNA testing, is) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 341 Tm (more promising than the above two methods, but) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 329 Tm ("alone is insufficient to provide a decisive link to a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 318 Tm (homeland....") Tj 0 0 1 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 318 Tm (Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 318 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 318 Tm (2547.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 295 Tm (The question of who ought to pay the reparations is) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 284 Tm (also complex. The value of slaves' unpaid labor,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 272 Tm (reparations advocates argue, was scattered amongst) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 261 Tm (numerous entities: "plantation owners, northern) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 249 Tm (entrepreneurs, state treasuries, the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 249 Tm (United States) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 238 Tm (government." Robinson,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 238 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 238 Tm (at 207. In the case) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 227 Tm (presently before the court, the Plaintiffs have chosen) Tj 1 0 0 1 62 215 Tm (to bring suit against private entities, the corporations) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 204 Tm (who allegedly held slaves, and their successors in) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 193 Tm (interest.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 193 Tm (For example, the first named Defendant is) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 181 Tm (F1eetBoston) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 181 Tm (Corporation, which Plaintiffs allege is a) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 170 Tm (successor in interest to Providence Bank, which) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 158 Tm (allegedly financed and profited from the slave trade.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 147 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 94 147 Tm (9[) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 147 Tm (1) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 147 Tm (116- 126. Many reparations advocates,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 136 Tm (however, focus their attention on the United States) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 124 Tm (government as the proper party to pay reparations.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 113 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 113 Tm (Note,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 113 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 113 Tm (at) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 113 Tm (1700 \("Reparations are not) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 102 Tm (intended to hold individual Americans living today) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 90 Tm (morally responsible for the acts of their forefathers,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 753 Tm (7) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 705 Tm (but rather to insist that the country apologize for its) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 694 Tm (wrongful acts and take the necessary steps to bridge) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 682 Tm (the racial divide and to alleviate the economic and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 671 Tm (social disparities that resulted from those acts."\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 671 Tm (see) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 659 Tm (also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 660 Tm (Hopkins,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 659 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 660 Tm (at 2551-52 \(advocating that the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 648 Tm (United States government pay these reparations\).) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 625 Tm (The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 625 Tm (following) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 625 Tm (general) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 625 Tm (definition) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 625 Tm (of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 625 Tm (slave) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 614 Tm ("reparations" thus emerges.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 614 Tm ("[Repparations) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 511 614 Tm (mean) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 603 Tm (truth commissions that document the history of racial) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 591 Tm (crimes and the current liability for those crimes,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 580 Tm (apologies that acknowledge liability, and payments to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 568 Tm (settle the account.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 568 Tm (Cultural) Tj 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 568 Tm (War, supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 569 Tm (at 1190.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 557 Tm (These payments may be made in the form of a trust,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 546 Tm (with the descendants of slaves named as trust) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 534 Tm (beneficiaries, or other forms of subsidies given to the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 523 Tm (descendants, and could be made by private entities) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 511 Tm (who have allegedly profited from slavery \(as the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 500 Tm (plaintiffs in the instant suit urge\). The reparations) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 489 Tm (movement more commonly insists, however, that the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 477 Tm (United) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 477 Tm (States) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 477 Tm (government should) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 477 Tm (make these) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 466 Tm (payments. Reparations are justified, advocates argue,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 455 Tm (on several grounds, including that of an alleged moral) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 443 Tm (and legal debt owed to descendants of slaves, and the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 432 Tm (historical precedents of reparations for the victims of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 420 Tm (other) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 420 Tm (historical injustices.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 420 Tm (However, there are a) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 409 Tm (number of cogent arguments against reparations,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 397 Tm (including the arguments that present day Americans) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 386 Tm (are) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 386 Tm (not) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 386 Tm (morally or legally liable for historical) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 375 Tm (injustices, that the debt to African-Americans has) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 363 Tm (already) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 363 Tm (been paid, and that reparations talk is) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 352 Tm (divisive, immersing African-Americans in a culture) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 341 Tm (of victimhood.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 318 Tm (2.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 318 Tm (Previous Attempts at Slave Reparations) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 295 Tm (*10 Reparations advocates identify five different) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 284 Tm (ti) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 284 Tm (me periods during which reparations for slavery) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 272 Tm (were seriously discussed in one form or another.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 272 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 261 Tm (Vincene Verdun,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 260 Tm (If) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 143 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 261 Tm (the Shoe Fits,) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 261 Tm (Wear It: An) Tj 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 250 Tm (Analysis of Reparations to African Americans,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 250 Tm (67) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 238 Tm (TUL. L.REV. 597, 600 \(1993\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 238 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 238 Tm (First,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 238 Tm (during and) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 227 Tm (i) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 227 Tm (mmediately after the Civil War, both Congress and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 216 Tm (President Lincoln attempted to confiscate property) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 204 Tm (from former slaveowners, and to redistribute that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 193 Tm (land to former) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 193 Tm (slaves.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 193 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 193 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 193 Tm (600-01.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 193 Tm (These attempts) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 181 Tm (ultimately failed in 1865, when President Johnson) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 170 Tm (ordered that lands be) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 170 Tm (returned) Tj 1 0 0 1 442 170 Tm (to their "pre-Civil War) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 158 Tm (owners.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 158 Tm (Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 159 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 159 Tm (602.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 64 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 136 Tm (The second period of attempts at slave reparations,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 125 Tm (occurring near the turn of the century, included) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 113 Tm (attempts to establish pension funds for former) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 113 Tm (slaves.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 102 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 102 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 102 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 102 Tm (602-03.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 102 Tm (The third attempt at reparations,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 90 Tm (occurring during World War II, was not a proposal to) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 169 0 obj 13091 endobj 170 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 144 0 R /OP11Font1 145 0 R /OP11Font2 156 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_6 142 0 R >> >> endobj 171 0 obj [ 166 0 R 168 0 R ] endobj 172 0 obj [ 146 0 R 147 0 R 148 0 R 149 0 R 150 0 R 151 0 R 152 0 R 153 0 R 154 0 R 155 0 R 157 0 R 158 0 R 159 0 R 160 0 R 161 0 R 162 0 R 163 0 R 164 0 R 165 0 R ] endobj 141 0 obj << /Annots 172 0 R /Contents 171 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 170 0 R /Thumb 142 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 174 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 175 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_7 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4_.肢:ab#9G""9FaѴ]B%B$<"""#'莋x#!4.6GNPDDDDDDrtG_0DtqDtGFtG#Dt$B""""1:90莎">G"t_00B"2:QJ"""#%9q쎦Dtc/H$]xDDGb$tGC'G_:f՘QF2:##0<]Ѻì6&ADC"""""2g1Dt_0 A2(Ď)F&mYGF~g!Etmfh#>]:#ԚP5DDDDDDFABш#:>0H莌/`XQx#4Gba/Qq!t]dtG#0d|uB!,)ʈa DDE! h#Pd|GFGˣ8L*""20#DqFc#D}!$"B~B0tc8#je9!H+"6""""Phyn#idtmћ#>aͼ"(xIP'ʴI049VV9^PQ4""8ЌDDFiфGDtm:.F3"#"#4|#莈c.^o#ô)$%DDDDDFKmF9eȺ B$|!ʲCatG#|DDDDD|fGQ endstream endobj 175 0 obj 776 endobj 176 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 177 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 66 670 76 681 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 178 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 85 670 89 679 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 179 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 90 670 92 680 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 180 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 181 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://African-Americans.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 155 613 258 624 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 182 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://African-Americans.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 258 613 261 623 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 183 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 185 567 203 578 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 184 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 203 567 205 577 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 185 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://1988.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 79 522 100 533 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 186 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://1988.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 105 522 115 533 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 187 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://1988.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 120 522 125 530 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 188 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://1988.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 125 521 127 531 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 189 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://II.Pub.L.No.100-383) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 185 487 193 499 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 190 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://II.Pub.L.No.100-383) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 198 487 276 499 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 191 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://II.Pub.L.No.100-383) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 276 488 280 499 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 192 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 193 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 481 396 499 407 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 194 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 499 396 502 406 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 195 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://FLA.ST.U.L.REV.503) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 431 180 533 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 196 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://FLA.ST.U.L.REV.503) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 534 180 538 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 197 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://man.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 449 123 468 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 198 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://man.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 472 123 490 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 199 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://man.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 490 124 493 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 200 0 obj << /Length 201 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 66 672 m 76 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 85 672 m 89 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 90 672 m 92 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 672 m 117 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 155 615 m 258 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 258 615 m 261 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 185 570 m 203 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 203 570 m 205 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 79 524 m 100 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 105 524 m 115 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 120 524 m 125 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 125 524 m 127 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 185 490 m 193 490 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 198 490 m 276 490 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 276 490 m 280 490 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 478 m 152 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 197 478 m 283 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 467 m 91 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 102 467 m 117 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 127 467 m 144 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 467 m 207 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 481 399 m 499 399 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 499 399 m 502 399 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 205 m 538 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 194 m 538 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 183 m 409 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 415 183 m 425 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 431 183 m 533 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 534 183 m 538 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 324 171 m 346 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 449 126 m 468 126 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 472 126 m 490 126 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 490 126 m 493 126 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 496 126 m 527 126 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 103 m 523 103 l S endstream endobj 201 0 obj 1740 endobj 202 0 obj << /Length 203 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 743 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 706 Tm (pay African-Americans a sum of money; the proposal) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 695 Tm (was rather to "provid[e] for the migration and) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 684 Tm (colonization of negroes to newly acquired territories.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 672 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 672 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 672 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 672 Tm (603.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 672 Tm (The fourth period of attempts at) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 661 Tm (reparations coincided with the civil rights movement) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 649 Tm (of the 1960's.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 649 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 649 Tm (Various black activists such as) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 638 Tm (James Forman, Audley Moore, and Dr. Martin Luther) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 627 Tm (King, Jr., demanded, or in some cases, hinted at,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 615 Tm (slave reparations for) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 615 Tm (African-Americans. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 615 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 265 615 Tm (603-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 604 Tm (05. For example, in his celebrated "I Have a Dream") Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 592 Tm (speech, Dr. King asserted that "America has given) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 581 Tm (the Negro people a bad check, which has come back) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 570 Tm (marked 'insufficient funds.' ") Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 570 Tm (Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 570 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 570 Tm (604.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 547 Tm (Finally, the fifth, and current period of attempts at) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 535 Tm (slave reparations began with the Civil Liberties Act) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 524 Tm (of) Tj 0 0 1 rg 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 524 Tm (1988.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 524 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 524 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 524 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 524 Tm (605-06. This Act provided $20,000,) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 513 Tm (and a formal apology from the United States) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 501 Tm (government to Japanese-Americans) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 501 Tm (who) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 501 Tm (were) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 490 Tm (interned during) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 490 Tm (World War) Tj 0 0 1 rg 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 490 Tm (II.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 490 Tm (Pub.L. No. 100-38) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 490 Tm (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 478 Tm (102 Stat. 903 \(1988\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 478 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 478 Tm (see also) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 478 Tm (Korentatsu v. United) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 467 Tm (States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 467 Tm (323) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 467 Tm (U.S.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 467 Tm (214 \(1944\)) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 467 Tm (\(upholding the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 456 Tm (constitutionality) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 456 Tm (of) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 456 Tm (military and executive orders) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 444 Tm (issued) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 444 Tm (during) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 444 Tm (World) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 444 Tm (War II which excluded) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (individuals of Japanese descent from the West Coast,) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 421 Tm (and provided for the detention of those individuals in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 410 Tm ("assembly or relocation centers"\). Seizing on what) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 399 Tm (appeared to be Congress' willingness to right the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 387 Tm (wrongs of history, reparations activists began their) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (efforts) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 376 Tm (anew.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 376 Tm (Numerous grassroots organizations) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 365 Tm (formed to advocate slave reparations. Verdun,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 365 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 353 Tm (at 606) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 353 Tm (nn.26-27.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 353 Tm (In 1989, U.S. Representative John) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 342 Tm (Conyers introduced a bill that would have established) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 330 Tm (a commission to study the effects of slavery on) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 319 Tm (present day African-Americans, and to study whether) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 307 Tm (reparations would be appropriate. H.R. 3745, 101st) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 296 Tm (Cong. \(1989\). The preamble to Conyers' proposed) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 285 Tm (legislation stated that its intent was) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 273 Tm (to acknowledge the fundamental injustice, cruelty,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 262 Tm (brutality, and inhumanity of slavery in the United) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 251 Tm (States and the 13 American colonies between 1619) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 239 Tm (and 1865 and to establish a commission to examine) Tj 1 0 0 1 75 228 Tm (the institution of slavery, subsequent de) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 228 Tm (jure) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 257 228 Tm (and de) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 217 Tm (facto racial and economic discrimination against) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 205 Tm (African Americans, and the impact of these forces) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 194 Tm (on living) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 194 Tm (African) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 194 Tm (Americans, [and] to make) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 183 Tm (recommendations to the Congress on appropriate) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 171 Tm (remedies, and for other purposes.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 160 Tm (*11 Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 160 Tm (Conyers has introduced similar legislation to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 149 Tm (each Congress since 1989, but none of these bills has) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 137 Tm (made it out of committee.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 137 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 137 Tm (H.R. 40, 108th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 126 Tm (Cong. \(2003\), H.R. 40, 107th Cong. \(2001\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 103 Tm (3. The) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 103 Tm (Legislature as the Proper Forum to Achieve) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 92 Tm (Slave Reparations) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 65 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 65 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 754 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 754 Tm (8) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 695 Tm (Despite) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 695 Tm (Representative) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 695 Tm (Conyers' lack of success) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 683 Tm (before Congress, some reparations activists today still) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 672 Tm (assert that the legislature, rather than the courts, is the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 660 Tm (best forum in which to introduce their claims.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 661 Tm (See,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 649 Tm (Westley,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 649 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 649 Tm (at 436 \("It is Congress, and perhaps) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 638 Tm (the legislatures of the former slave states, that must) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 627 Tm (be persuaded to enact reparations"\); Note,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 627 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 627 Tm (at) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 615 Tm (1704 \("There are concrete benefits of working in the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 604 Tm (legislative branch rather than the judicial branch"\).) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 592 Tm (Activists) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 592 Tm (acknowledge that there are significant) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 581 Tm (problems involved) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 581 Tm (with) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 581 Tm (bringing the issue of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 570 Tm (reparations for slavery before a court of law.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 547 Tm (The specific problem with bringing this issue before) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 535 Tm (a court is that courts are equipped for, and charged) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 524 Tm (with the responsibility of, "dealing with claims by) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 512 Tm (well-identified) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 513 Tm (victims) Tj 1 0 0 1 437 513 Tm (against) Tj 1 0 0 1 480 513 Tm (well-identified) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 501 Tm (wrongdoers....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 501 Tm (See Conceptual and Legal Problems,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 490 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 490 Tm (at 502. Claims asserting harms against groups) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 478 Tm (of long dead victims, perpetrated by groups of long) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 467 Tm (dead wrongdoers, are particularly difficult to bring in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 456 Tm (modern American courts of law. "First, the victims) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 444 Tm (are) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 444 Tm (making claims against people who are not) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 433 Tm (themselves wrongdoers. Furthermore, that defendant) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 421 Tm (class) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 421 Tm (may not have any current benefit from the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 410 Tm (harm....) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 410 Tm (Often the perpetrators cannot be identified) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 399 Tm (with specificity or are no longer alive.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 481 399 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 399 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 399 Tm (503. For) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 387 Tm (these reasons, plaintiffs in reparations suits will) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 376 Tm (inevitably face the conceptual problems of standing) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 365 Tm (and statutes of limitations.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 365 Tm (Westley,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 365 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 365 Tm (at 435.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 353 Tm (However, reparations advocates who bring their) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 342 Tm (claims before legislatures face no such problems.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 330 Tm ("[L]egislatures) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 330 Tm (may hold hearings, make findings,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 319 Tm (and pass resolutions or laws on any matter affecting) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 307 Tm (the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 307 Tm (public) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 307 Tm (interest) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 307 Tm (and) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 307 Tm (within the scope of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 296 Tm (constitutional) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 296 Tm (power.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 296 Tm (Substantively,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 296 Tm (legislatures) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 285 Tm (provide a friendlier forum than courts for racial) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 273 Tm (remedies." Id.) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 251 Tm (In) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 251 Tm (addition to reparations offered to Japanese) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 240 Tm (individuals interred during World War II, at least one) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 228 Tm (state) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 228 Tm (legislature) Tj 1 0 0 1 399 228 Tm (has) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 228 Tm (passed) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 228 Tm (a) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 228 Tm (bill) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 228 Tm (authorizing) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 217 Tm (reparations for past racial injustices.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 217 Tm (See C.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 511 217 Tm (Jeanne) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 205 Tm (Bassett,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 205 Tm (House Bill 591: Florida Compensates) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 194 Tm (Rosewood Victims and Their Families for a Seventy-) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 183 Tm (One-Year-Old Iniury,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 183 Tm (22) Tj 0 0 1 rg 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 183 Tm (FLA. ST. U.L.REV. 50) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 183 Tm (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 171 Tm (1\(994\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 171 Tm (.) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 171 Tm (In) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 171 Tm (January 1923, the small town of) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 160 Tm (Rosewood, Florida, inhabited entirely by African-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 149 Tm (Americans, was) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 148 Tm (burned) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 149 Tm (to the ground by a group of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 137 Tm (whites after a white woman claimed she had been) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 126 Tm (raped by an African-American) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 126 Tm (man.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 126 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 126 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 126 Tm (505-07.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 126 Tm (In) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 115 Tm (addition,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 114 Tm (at least eight) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 114 Tm (African-Americans) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 114 Tm (were) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 103 Tm (murdered. Id.;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 103 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 103 Tm (Martha Minow,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 103 Tm (Not) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 103 Tm (Only) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 103 Tm (or) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 92 Tm (Mvsef-) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 92 Tm (Identity,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 92 Tm (Politics,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 92 Tm (and) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 92 Tm (Law,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 92 Tm (75 OR. L.REV.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 203 0 obj 13805 endobj 204 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 176 0 R /OP11Font1 180 0 R /OP11Font2 192 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_7 174 0 R >> >> endobj 205 0 obj [ 200 0 R 202 0 R ] endobj 206 0 obj [ 177 0 R 178 0 R 179 0 R 181 0 R 182 0 R 183 0 R 184 0 R 185 0 R 186 0 R 187 0 R 188 0 R 189 0 R 190 0 R 191 0 R 193 0 R 194 0 R 195 0 R 196 0 R 197 0 R 198 0 R 199 0 R ] endobj 173 0 obj << /Annots 206 0 R /Contents 205 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 204 0 R /Thumb 174 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 208 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 209 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_8 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream L(S%#:8""90"1D|1Ϣ:#莈GDtc%B(">{0\GAb#h]DthtatGQHb2R)_#tG͡fʄI?>L":3fG.#$tyAf؈C9=d|.!pBDb""#32#tGG.XrA/H8*f3tAͫDDFuEtiEф]LXnDDDDDDfd\菑.x:8cO"""""""5>aњ<">^<" T"]$"""1)fфm_#}8IDDDFHQ#H/Dt]CƈGF♢B'Dt C>]|#]l$$Dt"1:#F2:. qAVVHmѼ:8(ЄDFg"<]م~Bq$t""!Äah#./E؍ {2gutn0""#!tGEG 'HMHE*D""2mB eCHh#:<\莈'#hG e)#@DDDDDeZhBaфaф]DDDDDG% endstream endobj 209 0 obj 707 endobj 210 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 211 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 212 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 213 0 obj << /Length 214 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 703 m 125 703 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 172 601 m 277 601 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 589 m 125 589 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 113 271 m 154 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 160 271 m 163 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 174 271 m 193 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 219 271 m 278 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 259 m 183 259 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 189 259 m 230 259 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 236 259 m 278 259 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 248 m 75 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 83 248 m 124 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 132 248 m 235 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 242 248 m 258 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 266 248 m 278 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 237 m 84 237 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 260 157 m 279 157 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 145 m 215 145 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 219 146 m 260 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 264 146 m 279 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 134 m 102 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 106 134 m 148 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 153 134 m 171 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 176 134 m 178 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 134 m 233 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 446 692 m 470 692 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 680 m 384 680 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 481 681 m 504 681 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 658 m 384 658 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 474 658 m 497 658 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 423 635 m 447 635 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 503 624 m 531 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 415 613 m 449 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 368 601 m 397 601 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 589 m 342 589 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 481 577 m 483 577 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 485 578 m 514 578 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 437 567 m 465 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 416 533 m 432 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 433 533 m 445 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 385 m 371 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 316 m 371 316 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 248 m 371 248 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 191 m 372 191 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 134 m 372 134 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 89 m 372 89 l S endstream endobj 214 0 obj 2288 endobj 215 0 obj << /Length 216 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 59 751 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 740 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 739 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 739 Tm (--) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 728 Tm (\(Cite as:) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 98 728 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 728 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 703 Tm (647, 679 \(1996\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 703 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 703 Tm (In 1994, Florida passed House Bill) Tj 1 0 0 1 60 692 Tm (591, which authorized compensation for the victims) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 680 Tm (of this) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 680 Tm (massacre,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 680 Tm (and their direct descendants.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 669 Tm (Bassett, supra, at 517-18. The compensation included) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 658 Tm (up to $150,000 for each survivor, and college) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 646 Tm (scholarships for their descendants.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 646 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 624 Tm (*12 Legislatures, both federal and state, are thus) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 612 Tm (sometimes inclined to award compensation to victims) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 601 Tm (of historical injustices.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 600 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 601 Tm (Pub.L. No. 100- 383. 102) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 589 Tm (Stat. 903 \(1988\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 589 Tm (\(awarding compensation to Japanese) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 578 Tm (individuals interred during) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 578 Tm (World War II\);) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 578 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 566 Tm (Bassett,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 567 Tm (supra,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 566 Tm (\(describing) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 566 Tm (how the Florida) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 555 Tm (legislature) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 555 Tm (awarded compensation to victims and) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 544 Tm (descendants of victims of the 1923 Rosewood,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 532 Tm (Florida) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 532 Tm (massacre\).) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 532 Tm (Courts of law, however, are) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 521 Tm (constrained) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 521 Tm (by judicial doctrine and precedent,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 510 Tm (including) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 510 Tm (concepts) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 510 Tm (of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 510 Tm (standing,) Tj 1 0 0 1 227 510 Tm (statutes) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 510 Tm (of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 498 Tm (li) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 498 Tm (mitations,) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 498 Tm (and the political question doctrine.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 487 Tm (Legislatures, both state and federal, face no such) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 475 Tm (conceptual and doctrinal constraints. For that reason,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 464 Tm (advocates of slave reparations may resolve to bring) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 452 Tm (their concerns and demands to the legislative and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 441 Tm (executive branches of the government, rather than the) Tj 1 0 0 1 60 430 Tm (adjudicative and adversarial judicial branch.) Tj 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 407 Tm (111.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 407 Tm (OVERVIEW OF THE PROCEEDINGS) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 396 Tm (A. Parties) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 373 Tm (1.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 373 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 350 Tm (Beginning in 2002, a number of lawsuits were filed) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 339 Tm (by descendants of slaves seeking reparations from) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 327 Tm (private) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 327 Tm (corporations that) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 327 Tm (were alleged to have) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 316 Tm (unjustly profited from the institution of slavery. On) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 305 Tm (October 25, 2002, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 293 Tm (Litigation transferred these actions to this court for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 282 Tm (coordinated) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 282 Tm (or) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 282 Tm (consolidated) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 282 Tm (pretrial) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 282 Tm (proceedings) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 270 Tm (pursuant to) Tj 1 0 0 1 113 271 Tm (28 U.S.C.) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 271 Tm () Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 271 Tm (1407) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 270 Tm (.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 270 Tm (See) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 219 271 Tm (In re African-) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 259 Tm (American Slave Descendants) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 259 Tm (Litigation,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 259 Tm (No. 1491,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 248 Tm (231) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 248 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 248 Tm (1357 \(Jud.Pan.Mult.Lit.,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 248 Tm (Oct.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 248 Tm (25,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 237 Tm (2002\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 237 Tm (.) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 236 Tm (This litigation then consisted of nine) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 225 Tm (individual lawsuits.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 225 Tm (As directed by the court, the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 214 Tm (individual Plaintiffs filed a consolidated complaint,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 202 Tm (which, upon later review, the court dismissed without) Tj 1 0 0 1 61 191 Tm (prejudice. The court held that the Plaintiffs had failed) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 180 Tm (to state a cause of action, had no standing to bring the) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 168 Tm (suit,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 168 Tm (and that the suit was barred by the political) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 157 Tm (question doctrine and statutes of limitations.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 157 Tm (See) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 157 Tm (In re) Tj 1 0 0 1 61 145 Tm (African-American Slave Descendants) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 219 146 Tm (Liti,eation.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 146 Tm (No.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 134 Tm (1491, 304) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 134 Tm (F.Supg.2d) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 134 Tm (1027) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 134 Tm (\() Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 134 Tm (N.D.111.2004\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 134 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 134 Tm (The court) Tj 1 0 0 1 62 123 Tm (then granted Plaintiffs leave to file a second amended) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 112 Tm (complaint. Plaintiffs have since filed their Second) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 100 Tm (Consolidated and Amended Complaint, which also) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 88 Tm (consists of nine individual suits.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 88 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 89 Tm (SCAC.) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 256 89 Tm (\() Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 89 Tm (FN31) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 703 Tm (The Plaintiffs in the SCAC include the following:) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 692 Tm (Deadria) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 692 Tm (Farmer-Paellmann,) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 692 Tm (\(FN41) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 692 Tm (Mary) Tj 1 0 0 1 507 692 Tm (Lacey) Tj 1 0 0 1 313 680 Tm (Madison,) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 680 Tm ([FN51) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 681 Tm (Andre Carrington,) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 681 Tm (1FN61) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 681 Tm (John) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 669 Tm (Bankhead, as administrator of the Estate of Edlee) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 658 Tm (Bankhead,) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 658 Tm (\(FN71) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 658 Tm (Richard Barber, Sr.,) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 658 Tm (fFN81) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 658 Tm (Hannah) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 647 Tm (Hurdle-Toomey, as administrator of the Estate of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 635 Tm (Andrew Jackson Hurdle,) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 635 Tm ([FN91) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 636 Tm (Marcelle Porter, as) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 624 Tm (administrator of the Estate of Hettie Pierce,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 624 Tm ([FN101) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 612 Tm (Julie) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 612 Tm (Mae) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 612 Tm (Wyatt-Kervin,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 613 Tm (_[FN111) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 612 Tm (the Estate of Emma) Tj 1 0 0 1 313 601 Tm (Marie Clark,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 601 Tm ([FN121) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 601 Tm (Ina Bell Daniels Hurdle McGee,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 589 Tm ([FN131) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 589 Tm (Cain Wall Sr., and seven other individuals) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 578 Tm (who assert they were formerly enslaved,) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 577 Tm (_) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 578 Tm ([FN141) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 578 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 567 Tm (Antoinette) Tj 1 0 0 1 364 567 Tm (Harrell) Tj 1 0 0 1 401 567 Tm (Miller.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 567 Tm ([FN151) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 567 Tm (These named) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 555 Tm (Plaintiffs \(hereinafter collectively referred to as) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 544 Tm ("Plaintiffs"\), on behalf of themselves and the classes) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 533 Tm (they seek to represent,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 533 Tm (rFN) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 533 Tm (161) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 533 Tm (seek reparations on) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 521 Tm (behalf of all "formerly enslaved Africans and their) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 510 Tm (descendants,") Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 510 Tm (and all living "former enslaved) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 498 Tm (African-Americans and their descendants....") Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 499 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 487 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 485 Tm (1) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 487 Tm (48.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 487 Tm (Specifically,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 487 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 487 Tm (seek an) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 476 Tm (accounting, disgorgement of profits, the creation of) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 464 Tm (an "independent historical commission" to study) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 453 Tm (Defendants' actions, a constructive trust, restitution,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 441 Tm (and compensatory and punitive damages arising out) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 430 Tm (of the named Defendants' alleged past and continued) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 419 Tm (wrongful conduct relating to the institution of) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 407 Tm (slavery.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 407 Tm (See id.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 406 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 407 Tm (3.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 62 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 62 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 273 62 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 751 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 751 Tm (9) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 385 Tm (FN3.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 385 Tm (The citations in this Opinion are to the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 373 Tm (paragraphs as styled in Plaintiffs' Complaint;) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 362 Tm (however, in certain instances the numbering) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 350 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 350 Tm (paragraphs) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 350 Tm (does) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 351 Tm (not) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 351 Tm (proceed) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 351 Tm (in) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 339 Tm (chronological order.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 316 Tm (FN4.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 316 Tm (Farmer-Paellmann alleges that she is) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 305 Tm (the "great-great-granddaughter of Clara and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 294 Tm (Abel Hinds, Africans who were enslaved on) Tj 1 0 0 1 352 282 Tm (a South Carolina sea island rice plantation.") Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 271 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 368 271 Tm (SCAC,1) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 271 Tm (65.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 248 Tm (FN5.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 248 Tm (Madison alleges that her "ancestors) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 237 Tm (were slaves in the agricultural, cotton, and) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 226 Tm (tobacco industry in Virginia and North) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 214 Tm (Carolina.") Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 214 Tm (See) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 214 Tm (SCAC,1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 214 Tm (68.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 191 Tm (FN6.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 191 Tm (Carrington alleges that his maternal) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 180 Tm (and paternal ancestors "were slaves in North) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 169 Tm (Carolina, and ... were involved in the cotton) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 157 Tm (and tobacco industries.") Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 157 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 157 Tm (SCAC,1) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 157 Tm (71.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 134 Tm (FN7.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 134 Tm (The Estate of Edlee Bankhead alleges) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 123 Tm (that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 123 Tm (Bankhead's parents were enslaved in) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 112 Tm (Mississippi.) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 112 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 420 112 Tm (SCAC,1) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 112 Tm (74.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 89 Tm (FN8.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 89 Tm (Barber alleges that his ancestors were) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 216 0 obj 13155 endobj 217 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 210 0 R /OP11Font1 211 0 R /OP11Font2 212 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_8 208 0 R >> >> endobj 218 0 obj [ 213 0 R 215 0 R ] endobj 219 0 obj [ ] endobj 207 0 obj << /Annots 219 0 R /Contents 218 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 217 0 R /Thumb 208 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 221 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 222 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_9 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream !J#>]Qtc#h]g(B3]h.{㳜(㈏˙x߄o#0 B""""# EtB":#菗"""#QQ|aфN#L.!GQ$.GS0"""1/DtN莍瑄aP":DDDd#Ԇ莍ЉA)"""#*쎤4GE .""gTG#<>o0*#ƒʼ2GDDDd4GF!Q:GEHy:6`F2SDvqR#a$\DDDF3VGˢ{/qZ]i!5t\A(p쏙DDDDDDd.7LDuDd #:mDJD"1#D|"i!HHDDDDFV쎈莈h.莂Ј""$t/>GG:0PLѢ8ٴGH4"E:B"se #;#":/F;A;P4( DDFCF]:#.GGuatGFDDDG endstream endobj 222 0 obj 635 endobj 223 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 224 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 225 0 obj << /Length 226 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 660 m 124 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 604 m 129 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 0 792 m 129 792 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 558 m 120 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 558 m 128 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 513 m 128 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 467 m 128 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 422 m 128 422 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 399 m 128 399 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 353 m 128 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 232 330 m 284 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 318 m 233 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 462 648 m 490 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 358 625 m 383 625 l S endstream endobj 226 0 obj 698 endobj 227 0 obj << /Length 228 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 743 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 742 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 251 Tm (2.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 251 Tm (Defendants) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 706 Tm (born into slavery, and were enslaved in the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 695 Tm (agricultural industry and other industries.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 684 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 683 Tm (SCAC,19[) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 683 Tm (76-79.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 660 Tm (FN9.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 660 Tm (Hurdle-Toomey alleges that her father,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 649 Tm (Andrew Jackson Hurdle, was a slave who) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 637 Tm (was sold into slavery when he was ten years) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 626 Tm (old.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 626 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 626 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 624 Tm (9[) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 626 Tm (81.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 604 Tm (FN 10.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 603 Tm (Porter) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 603 Tm (alleges) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 603 Tm (that) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 603 Tm (her) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 603 Tm (great) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 592 Tm (grandmother, Hettie Pierce, was a slave in) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 581 Tm (North Carolina.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 580 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 580 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 579 Tm (9[) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 580 Tm (84.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 558 Tm (FNI) Tj 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 558 Tm (L) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 558 Tm (Wyatt-Kervin alleges that she is the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 546 Tm (daughter of former slaves, Jake and Louise) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 535 Tm (Wyatt.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 535 Tm (See SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 534 Tm (9[) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 535 Tm (85.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 513 Tm (FN12.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 512 Tm (Clark's Estate alleges that Clark was) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 501 Tm (a slave in Louisiana from 1927-1934.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 500 Tm (See) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 490 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 489 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 489 Tm (86.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 467 Tm (FN13.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 466 Tm (McGee alleges that she is the "great) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 455 Tm (grand-daughter of Andrew Jackson Hurdle,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 444 Tm (an enslaved African.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 444 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 444 Tm (SCAC,1) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 443 Tm (90.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 422 Tm (FN 14.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 421 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 421 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 47 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 420 Tm (9[) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 420 Tm (%) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 421 Tm (92-100.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 399 Tm (FN 15.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 398 Tm (Miller alleges that she is a descendant) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 387 Tm (of a former slave, Carrie Richardson.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 386 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 376 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 376 Tm (9[) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 376 Tm (102.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 353 Tm (FN16.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 353 Tm (Plaintiffs refer to a proposed class of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 341 Tm (plaintiffs, and assert that this suit may be) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 330 Tm (brought as a class action under) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 330 Tm (Federal Rule) Tj 1 0 0 1 103 318 Tm (of Civil Procedure 23\(a\) and \(b\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 318 Tm (.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 318 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 256 318 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 307 Tm (1) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 307 Tm (49. Plaintiffs have not, however, filed any) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 296 Tm (separate) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 296 Tm (motion) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 296 Tm (for) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 296 Tm (class) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 295 Tm (certification) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 284 Tm (pursuant to the Federal Rules of Civil) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 273 Tm (Procedure.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 228 Tm (*13 The named Defendants \(hereinafter collectively) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 216 Tm (referred to as "Defendants"\) are seventeen present-) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 205 Tm (day companies whose predecessors are alleged to) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (have been unjustly enriched through profits earned) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 182 Tm (either directly or indirectly from the Trans-Atlantic) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (Slave Trade and slavery between 1619 and 1865, as) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 160 Tm (well as post-Emancipation slavery.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 137 Tm (Defendants include the following companies:) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 126 Tm (FleetBoston) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 126 Tm (Financial) Tj 1 0 0 1 193 125 Tm (Corporation,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 125 Tm (CSX) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (Corporation, Aetna Inc., Brown Brothers Harriman &) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 103 Tm (Company,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 103 Tm (New York Life Insurance Company,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 91 Tm (Norfolk Southern Corporation, Lehman Brothers) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 64 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 64 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 752 Tm (Page) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 752 Tm (1) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 536 751 Tm (0) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 705 Tm (Corporation,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 705 Tm (Lloyd's) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 704 Tm (of London, Union Pacific) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 693 Tm (Railroad, JP Morgan Chase, R.J. Reynolds Tobacco) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 682 Tm (Company, Brown and Williamson, Liggett Group) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 671 Tm (Inc.,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 670 Tm (Canadian National Railway, Southern Mutual) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 659 Tm (Insurance Company, American International Group) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 648 Tm (\("AIG"\), and Loews Corporation.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 648 Tm ([FN171) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 625 Tm (FN17.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 625 Tm (Loews Corporation does not join in) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 613 Tm (the present motion to dismiss. Loews has) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 602 Tm (filed a separate motion to dismiss, based on) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 591 Tm (grounds it asserts are unique to it.) Tj 1 0 0 1 324 568 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 1 0 0 1 371 568 Tm (allege) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 568 Tm (that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 568 Tm (F1eetBoston,) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 568 Tm (through its) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 556 Tm (predecessor bank, made loans to slave traders and) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 546 Tm (also) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 545 Tm (collected custom duties and fees on ships) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 534 Tm (engaged in the slave trade.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 534 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 534 Tm (1) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 534 Tm (y[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 534 Tm (125-26.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 523 Tm (Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 522 Tm ("F1eetBoston) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 522 Tm (engaged in) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 511 Tm (a self-concealed business enterprise so that the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 500 Tm (Plaintiffs and others similarly situated would not be) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 488 Tm (aware of the existence of this enterprise," and, in) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 477 Tm (more recent times, "made various) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 476 Tm (misleading) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 465 Tm (statements to the Press from March 2000 to February) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 454 Tm (2002, attempting to disassociate its predecessor) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 443 Tm (company from its current company." Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 441 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 442 Tm (128.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 420 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that CSX "is a successor-in-interest) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 409 Tm (to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 409 Tm (numerous predecessor railroad lines that were) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 397 Tm (constructed or run, at least in part, by slave labor." Id.) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 386 Tm (9[) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 386 Tm (129. Plaintiffs further allege that "CSX engaged in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 374 Tm (a self-concealed business enterprise as the plaintiffs) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 363 Tm (and others similarly situated would not be aware of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 352 Tm (the existence of this enterprise," and, in more recent) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 341 Tm (ti) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 340 Tm (mes, "withheld information or made a misleading) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 329 Tm (statement to the Press regarding their participation in) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 318 Tm (and profiting from slavery." Id.) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 317 Tm (19[) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 317 Tm (131-33.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 295 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that "Aetna's predecessor in interest,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 284 Tm (provided) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 284 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 283 Tm (instrumentality) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 283 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 283 Tm (slavery) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 283 Tm (by) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 272 Tm (underwriting insurance policies for slave owners) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 261 Tm (against the loss of their African slaves...." Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 260 Tm (1) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 260 Tm (136.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 250 Tm (Plaintiffs further allege that "Aetna engaged in a self-) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 238 Tm (concealed business enterprise as the plaintiff class) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 227 Tm (and/or plaintiff ancestors would not be aware of the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 215 Tm (existence of this enterprise ...." and, in more recent) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 204 Tm (ti) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 204 Tm (mes, "withheld information or made a misleading) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 193 Tm (statement) Tj 1 0 0 1 369 192 Tm (regarding) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 418 193 Tm (their) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 192 Tm (participation) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 192 Tm (in) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 192 Tm (and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 181 Tm (profiting from slavery." Id.) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 180 Tm (9[) Tj 1 0 0 1 439 181 Tm (9[) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 181 Tm (142-43.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 158 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that Brown Brothers Harriman "is) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 147 Tm (the successor corporation to Brown Brothers & Co.,") Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 136 Tm (which) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 136 Tm ("loaned) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 136 Tm (millions) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 136 Tm (directly) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 135 Tm (to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 135 Tm (planters,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 124 Tm (merchants and cotton brokers throughout the South.") Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 114 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 185 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 113 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 113 Tm (145-46. Plaintiffs also allege that "Louisiana) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 102 Tm (court records dating back to the 1840's ... reveal the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 90 Tm (firm's ownership of at least two cotton plantations) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 228 0 obj 11933 endobj 229 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 223 0 R /OP11Font1 224 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_9 221 0 R >> >> endobj 230 0 obj [ 225 0 R 227 0 R ] endobj 231 0 obj [ ] endobj 220 0 obj << /Annots 231 0 R /Contents 230 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 229 0 R /Thumb 221 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 233 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 234 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_10 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream L!j$}!α#"#tabZI tQːhGDtaEБ tm#hDDa$c#4Gd|.Mf.",!F菗D.aRЈDDfh#4q?D06!&g;(pCF򈈈2]EDtGE:#jiS DDDFF4b7莋#:0#>H،DDDDDDFBgB80ǐ CGGE菟F3 #؈DbaL.eѸ:/DAB""#4$ 0$h.tGE b!" A DDFj:.|莌#躔P<5#DDD`[#Ȏ`(a"Ddmfh"4t]uЈЍ DDF@x<ڝt# :ʦ]F)yFtN@9_.DF"#:">G:6y/^B .DF.ЈDg#40E@1DqDsx'E, PGD.DDcEFQ b&h苢莈j4FHAF \DDB(Ldc6P莈 BDF""#%9$G<"# endstream endobj 234 0 obj 684 endobj 235 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 236 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 237 0 obj << /Length 238 0 R >> stream endstream endobj 238 0 obj 0 endobj 239 0 obj << /Length 240 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 68 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 744 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 708 Tm (totaling) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 707 Tm (4,614) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 707 Tm (acres) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 706 Tm (and the plantations' 346) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 696 Tm (slaves...." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 694 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 695 Tm (148. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 684 Tm ("Brown Brothers Harriman engaged in a self-) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 672 Tm (concealed business enterprise as the plaintiff class) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 661 Tm (and/or plaintiff ancestors would not be aware of the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 649 Tm (existence of this enterprise ...." and, in more recent) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 639 Tm (ti) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 638 Tm (mes, "withheld information or made a misleading) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 627 Tm (statement based on press reports in an attempt to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 615 Tm (disassociate itself from its predecessor's business." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 171 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 604 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 604 Tm (151-52.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 582 Tm (*14) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 94 582 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 581 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 581 Tm (that) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 581 Tm ("New York Life's) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 570 Tm (predecessor-in-interest,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 569 Tm (Nautilus Insurance, earned) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 558 Tm (premiums from its sale of life insurance to slave) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 548 Tm (owners." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 548 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 547 Tm (155. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 536 Tm ("New York Life engaged in a self-concealed business) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 525 Tm (enterprise) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 524 Tm (as the plaintiff class and/or plaintiff) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 513 Tm (ancestors would not be aware of the existence of this) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 501 Tm (enterprise ...." and, in more recent times, "withheld) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 490 Tm (information or made misleading statements regarding) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 479 Tm (their participation in and profiting from slavery." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 171 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 467 Tm (19) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 468 Tm (159, 162.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 445 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 445 Tm (allege) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 445 Tm (that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 445 Tm (Norfolk) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 444 Tm (Southern "is a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (successor-in-interest to numerous railroad lines that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 422 Tm (were constructed or run, in part, by slave labor." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 421 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 411 Tm (163.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 411 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 410 Tm (further) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 410 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 410 Tm (that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 410 Tm (Norfolk) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 399 Tm ("participated in the institution of slavery in that it) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 387 Tm (derived the benefits of unpaid slave labor and it) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (provided financial supports to slave owners and slave) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 365 Tm (traders." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 364 Tm (9I) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 365 Tm (165.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 343 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 342 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 342 Tm (that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 342 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 342 Tm (founder) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 342 Tm (of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 341 Tm (Lehman) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 330 Tm (Brothers, Henry Lehman, and his brothers "grew rich) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 319 Tm (as middlemen in the slave-grown cotton trade." Id.) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 318 Tm (y[) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 308 Tm (168. Plaintiffs further allege that Lehman Brothers) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 297 Tm (owned slaves. Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 297 Tm (1) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 297 Tm (171.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 274 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that Lloyd's of London "insured) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 262 Tm (ships utilized for the Trans-Atlantic slave trade." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 262 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 251 Tm (173. Plaintiffs further allege that "Lloyd's engaged in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 240 Tm (a self-concealed business enterprise as the plaintiff) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (class and/or plaintiffs' ancestors would not be aware) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 217 Tm (of the existence of this enterprise...." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 217 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 216 Tm (174.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 194 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that Union Pacific "is a successor-) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 183 Tm (in-interest to numerous predecessor railroad lines that) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 172 Tm (were constructed or run in part by slave labor." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 169 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 161 Tm (177.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 160 Tm (Plaintiffs further allege that "Union Pacific) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 149 Tm (engaged in a self-concealed business enterprise as the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 137 Tm (plaintiff class and/or plaintiffs' ancestors would not) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 126 Tm (be aware of the existence of this enterprise ...." and,) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 116 Tm (i) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 115 Tm (n more recent times, "withheld information or made) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 104 Tm (a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 103 Tm (misleading statement regarding their participation) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 92 Tm (in profiting from slavery." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 92 Tm (y[) Tj 1 0 0 1 192 92 Tm (y[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 92 Tm (178-79.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 91 Tm (B. Pleadings) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 65 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 751 Tm (Page) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 751 Tm (1) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 537 751 Tm (1) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 693 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that "two of [the] predecessor banks) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 683 Tm (that) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 682 Tm (merged to become J.P. Morgan Chase were) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 671 Tm (behind a consortium to raise money to insure) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 660 Tm (slavery." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 658 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 659 Tm (181. Plaintiffs further allege that "J.P.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 647 Tm (Morgan Chase engaged in a self-concealed business) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 636 Tm (enterprise as the plaintiff class and/or plaintiffs') Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 625 Tm (ancestors would not be aware of the existence of this) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 614 Tm (enterprise," and, in) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 613 Tm (more recent times, "withheld) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 602 Tm (information) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 602 Tm (or) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 602 Tm (made a misleading statement) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 591 Tm (regarding their participation in and profiting from) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 580 Tm (slavery." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 578 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 580 Tm (182.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 557 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 1 0 0 1 370 557 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 557 Tm (that) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 557 Tm (R.J.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 556 Tm (Reynolds) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 556 Tm (Tobacco) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 545 Tm (Company, Brown & Williamson, Liggett Group, and) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 534 Tm (Loews Corporation \(parent company of Lorillard) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 522 Tm (Tobacco Company\) were all once part of the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 511 Tm (American Tobacco Company. Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 511 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 510 Tm (197. As parts of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 500 Tm (this) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 500 Tm (larger) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 500 Tm (enterprise,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 499 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 499 Tm (assert,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 499 Tm (these) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 488 Tm (Defendants are "all beneficiar[ies] of assets acquired) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 477 Tm (through the forced and uncompensated labors of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 466 Tm (enslaved African-Americans." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 460 465 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 465 Tm (185;) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 145 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 465 Tm (see also id.) Tj 171 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 454 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 454 Tm (201, 204, and 210.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 431 Tm (*15 Plaintiffs allege that Canadian National Railway) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 420 Tm ("is the successor-in-interest to seven predecessor) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (railroad lines, that were constructed and/or run in part) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 397 Tm (by slave labor." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 397 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 397 Tm (213. Plaintiffs further allege) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 386 Tm (that "Canadian National engaged in a self-concealed) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 374 Tm (business enterprise as the plaintiff class and/or) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (plaintiff) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 363 Tm (ancestors) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 363 Tm (would not be aware of the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 352 Tm (existence of this enterprise...." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 352 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 351 Tm (215.) Tj 1 0 0 1 322 329 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 329 Tm (allege that Southern) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 328 Tm (Mutual Insurance) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 317 Tm ("issued policies on the lives of slaves in Louisiana.") Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 307 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 305 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 306 Tm (219. Plaintiff further alleges that Southern) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (Mutual "aided and abetted those who engaged in the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 283 Tm (maintenance of slavery through the intentional) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 272 Tm (infliction of emotional distress." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 272 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 272 Tm (218.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 249 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that AIG's predecessors "provided) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 239 Tm (instrumentalities) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 238 Tm (of slavery by selling insurance) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 227 Tm (policy [sic] to cover the lives of enslaved Africans) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 215 Tm (with slave owners as beneficiaries." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 215 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 215 Tm (221.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 204 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 204 Tm (further) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 204 Tm (allege that) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 203 Tm (AIG's predecessors) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 193 Tm ("aided) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 192 Tm (and abetted those who engaged in the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 181 Tm (maintenance of slavery." Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 180 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 181 Tm (223.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 158 Tm (As evidenced by Plaintiffs' allegations, and as the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 147 Tm (court shall further discuss, their SCAC is devoid of) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 136 Tm (any allegations that connect the specifically named) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 124 Tm (Defendants or their predecessors and any of the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 114 Tm (Plaintiffs or their ancestors.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 240 0 obj 12299 endobj 241 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 235 0 R /OP11Font1 236 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_10 233 0 R >> >> endobj 242 0 obj [ 237 0 R 239 0 R ] endobj 243 0 obj [ ] endobj 232 0 obj << /Annots 243 0 R /Contents 242 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 241 0 R /Thumb 233 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 245 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 246 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_11 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream tGF!#&]GMH"""1MJjDtq#a UD]Fh>8aQxG:#tq3 Bae' F3|#:# Dtm>GLBI% ! DD~OEt'GG@a@֐"1#Hd4GфGb#DDbAh#H"菗C&<."!6ytGF7xE()ʡ"c8e|#Q|i,,9:.taGHDDDBDDc%h#tmM.#Ⱥ !<GE1D~h9  GA!t]G Lq(rS"""1GD4GDts.:#@ *tGD|8菟FѸ.2YG4Kٴ]:##5mGa˩BFȎQ4_8$gL"?Nf?|.쏠F"""#%,1RtoL: mDDDDFVęG!莄Db"2V:<0hGF˵F:#tG""""9">i""? endstream endobj 246 0 obj 686 endobj 247 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 248 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 249 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 250 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font3 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 251 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font4 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 252 0 obj << /Length 253 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 453 114 m 530 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 103 m 347 103 l S endstream endobj 253 0 obj 100 endobj 254 0 obj << /Length 255 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 67 756 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 744 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 744 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 732 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 696 Tm (1.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 696 Tm (Factual) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 696 Tm (Allegations) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 696 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 695 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 695 Tm (Second) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 684 Tm (Consolidated and Amended Complaint) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 662 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 662 Tm (SCAC) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 662 Tm (begins) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 661 Tm (with a narration of the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 651 Tm (historical) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 650 Tm (background of the Transatlantic Slave) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 639 Tm (Trade in America. The Complaint proceeds to) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 627 Tm (describe the Slave Codes, which various States) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 616 Tm (enacted in order to perpetuate the institution of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 605 Tm (slavery.) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 604 Tm (The Complaint also chronicles how the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 593 Tm (forced labor of enslaved Africans helped to build our) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 582 Tm (Nation and enrich early American industry, while) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 571 Tm (simultaneously) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 570 Tm (dismantling) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 570 Tm (a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 570 Tm (culture) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 570 Tm (and) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 560 Tm (i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 559 Tm (mpoverishing a race of fellow men and women.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 536 Tm (The SCAC then outlines the beginnings of laws that) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 524 Tm (outlawed the trafficking and trade of slaves, which) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 513 Tm (progressed into a body of law that found the) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 503 Tm (i) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 502 Tm (nstitution of slavery to be contrary to the Natural) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 490 Tm (Law of Man. The Complaint proceeds to allege that) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 479 Tm (despite this body of law that found the institution of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 468 Tm (slavery to be contrary to the Natural Law of Man, the) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 456 Tm (vestiges of slavery, in the form of racism, have) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 446 Tm (resulted) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 445 Tm (i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 445 Tm (n) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 445 Tm (modern-day) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 445 Tm (disparities) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 444 Tm (between) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 434 Tm (descendants of slaves and the remainder of our) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 423 Tm (society.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 399 Tm (Ultimately, the SCAC alleges that "Defendants') Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 388 Tm (actions caused Plaintiffs economic losses and cultural) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 377 Tm (psychic scars and heretofore without remedy.") Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 366 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 366 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 365 Tm (41. Plaintiffs allege that the practice of) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 354 Tm (slavery has caused the following specific social) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 343 Tm (inequities:) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 331 Tm (twenty-six \(26\) percent of African-Americans in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 320 Tm (the United States live in poverty compared to eight) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 308 Tm (\(8\) percent of whites .... 14.7 percent of African-) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 297 Tm (Americans) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 297 Tm (have) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 297 Tm (four-year) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 296 Tm (college) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 296 Tm (degrees,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 285 Tm (compared with 25 percent of whites.... [A] black) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 274 Tm (person born in 1996 can expect to live, on average,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 263 Tm (6.6 fewer years than a white person.... African-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 251 Tm (Americans are more likely to go to jail, to be there) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 240 Tm (longer and ... to receive the death penalty....) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 229 Tm ([) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 229 Tm (African-Americans] lag behind whites according) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 217 Tm (to every social yardstick: literacy, life expectancy,) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 207 Tm (i) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 206 Tm (ncome and education. They are more likely to be) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 194 Tm (murdered and less likely to have a father at home....) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 183 Tm (Black families earn only $580 for every $1000) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 172 Tm (earned by white families.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 161 Tm (*16 Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 161 Tm (1) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 161 Tm (41 n. 1.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 138 Tm (2.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 138 Tm (Counts of Plaintiffs' Second) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 137 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 137 Tm (and) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 126 Tm (Amended Complaint) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 104 Tm (Count I of Plaintiffs' SCAC is styled: "Conspiracy.") Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 93 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 92 Tm ("[e]ach) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 92 Tm (of the defendants acted) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 65 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 752 Tm (1) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 535 752 Tm (2) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 705 Tm (individually and in concert with their industry group) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 694 Tm (and with each other, either expressly or tacitly, to) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 683 Tm (participate in a plan that was designed in part to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 671 Tm (commit the tortious acts referred to herein." Id. 9I) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 661 Tm (258.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 637 Tm (Count II is styled: "Conversion." Plaintiffs allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 626 Tm (that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 626 Tm ("[t]he) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 625 Tm (enslaved Africans had a property right in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 615 Tm (themselves." Id.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 614 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 614 Tm (270. Plaintiffs then allege that) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 603 Tm ("[t]his) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 603 Tm (property right was wrongfully and illegally) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 592 Tm (taken." Id.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 592 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 591 Tm (271. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 581 Tm ("defendants) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 580 Tm (have) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 580 Tm (willfully) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 580 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 580 Tm (wrongfully) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 569 Tm (misappropriated and converted the value of [slave]) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 557 Tm (labor and its derivative profits into defendants' own) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 546 Tm (property." Id.) Tj /OP11Font4 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 546 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 546 Tm (278. Plaintiffs' prayer for relief under) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 535 Tm (Count) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 535 Tm (Il) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 534 Tm (seeks an accounting of profits) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 534 Tm (earned) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 534 Tm (from) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 523 Tm (slave labor, a constructive trust imposed on such) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 512 Tm (profits,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 512 Tm (restitution,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 512 Tm (equitable) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 512 Tm (disgorgement,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 511 Tm (and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 501 Tm (punitive damages.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 501 Tm (See id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 499 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 500 Tm (280.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 478 Tm (Count III is styled: "Unjust Enrichment." Plaintiffs) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 466 Tm (allege that "[d]efendants' failure to pay for the labor) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 455 Tm (provided) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 455 Tm (by the slaves without receiving any) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 444 Tm (compensation, has allowed defendants to retain a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 433 Tm (benefit) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 432 Tm (at) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 433 Tm (the) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 432 Tm (expense of plaintiffs and their) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 421 Tm (ancestors." Id.) Tj /OP11Font4 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 421 Tm (T) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 420 Tm (284. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 409 Tm ("[d]efendants have failed to account for and or) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 409 Tm (return) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 398 Tm (to plaintiffs and the plaintiff class the value of their) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 387 Tm (ancestors' slave labor and/or the profits and benefits) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 375 Tm (the defendants derived therefrom...." Id .) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 71 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 373 Tm (y[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 375 Tm (283.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (Plaintiffs' prayer for relief under Count III seeks an) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 352 Tm (accounting of profits earned from slave labor, a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (constructive trust imposed on such profits, restitution,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 330 Tm (equitable disgorgement, and punitive damages.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 329 Tm (See) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 319 Tm (id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 332 319 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 318 Tm (288.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 295 Tm (Count IV is styled: "Replevin." Plaintiffs allege that) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 284 Tm ("defendants hold personal property that was never) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 273 Tm (properly vested in them ... because the enslaved) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 261 Tm (person's work was unpaid, stolen, and forcibly held.") Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 250 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 250 Tm (9) Tj 1 0 0 1 348 250 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 250 Tm (290- 91. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 239 Tm (defendants "fraudulently concealed the cause of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 227 Tm (action from the heirs or the estates [of Plaintiffs], so) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (that the statute of limitations does not begin to accrue) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 205 Tm (until the full facts of the cause of action are revealed) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 193 Tm (to the heirs and the estate [of Plaintiffs]." Id.) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 193 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 193 Tm (296.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (Plaintiffs' prayer for relief under Count IV seeks an) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 171 Tm (accounting of profits earned from slave labor, a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (constructive trust imposed on such profits, restitution,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (equitable disgorgement, and punitive damages. Id.) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 146 Tm (9f) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 137 Tm (298.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 114 Tm (A second Count IV is styled: ") Tj 1 0 0 1 453 114 Tm (42 U.S.C. & 1982) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 114 Tm (.) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 114 Tm (") Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 103 Tm ([FN181) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 103 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 102 Tm (allege that as a result of the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 91 Tm (Defendants' conduct in denying slaves the value of) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 255 0 obj 11789 endobj 256 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 247 0 R /OP11Font1 248 0 R /OP11Font2 249 0 R /OP11Font3 250 0 R /OP11Font4 251 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_11 245 0 R >> >> endobj 257 0 obj [ 252 0 R 254 0 R ] endobj 258 0 obj [ ] endobj 244 0 obj << /Annots 258 0 R /Contents 257 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 256 0 R /Thumb 245 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 260 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 261 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_12 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 8RXhGFDG30/6":/qQhFDq2tGˢ:#uB"""1&:6:!:#54Et]tG֐E%Ћb"#'E]0 0@QB'$t1fGEa)r`" B"# $yP`ZDDDDF"2tmE̾GFh7 ʡXQDDFOE|qh|M2qEm! ra)1#hgT]E9K i XPS4""""#C)G˲GhEmCPAQ`E`DF""kRF|3DtmDtG.zGAE"AEG菘Dt_A:#qGF#|DDDG endstream endobj 261 0 obj 753 endobj 262 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 263 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 264 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comn.Stat.505/1) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 106 113 117 124 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 265 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comn.Stat.505/1) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 122 112 148 124 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 266 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comn.Stat.505/1) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 154 112 195 123 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 267 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comn.Stat.505/1) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 196 112 198 123 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 268 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 269 0 obj << /Length 270 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 234 660 m 284 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 68 650 m 86 650 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 102 627 m 127 627 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 230 603 m 272 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 593 m 122 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 165 262 m 193 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 244 216 m 282 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 206 m 144 206 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 176 182 m 282 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 172 m 86 172 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 141 148 m 272 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 87 115 m 101 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 106 115 m 117 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 122 115 m 148 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 154 115 m 195 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 196 115 m 198 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 233 91 m 282 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 706 m 340 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 344 706 m 348 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 354 706 m 386 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 683 m 338 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 342 682 m 400 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 660 m 382 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 273 m 380 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 486 102 m 537 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 91 m 339 91 l S endstream endobj 270 0 obj 1290 endobj 271 0 obj << /Length 272 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 67 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 744 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 731 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 707 Tm (their labor, and restricting slaves' access to corporate) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 696 Tm (records) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 695 Tm (regarding) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 695 Tm (Defendants') Tj 1 0 0 1 215 695 Tm (participation) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 694 Tm (in) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 684 Tm (slavery,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 684 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 684 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 1 0 0 1 187 683 Tm (ancestors') Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 683 Tm (and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 683 Tm (their) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 672 Tm (descendants' rights to inherit and convey property) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 661 Tm (have been violated in contravention of) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 660 Tm (42 U.S.C. ) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 650 Tm (1982) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 650 Tm (.) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 650 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 650 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 650 Tm (300.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 627 Tm (FN18.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 626 Tm (Plaintiffs allege Count IV twice. The) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 616 Tm (first) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 615 Tm (Count IV is styled "Replevin." The) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 604 Tm (second Count IV is styled ") Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 603 Tm (42 U.S.C.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 593 Tm (1982) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 593 Tm (.) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 593 Tm (") Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 570 Tm (*17 Count V is styled: "Intentional Infliction of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 559 Tm (Emotional) Tj 1 0 0 1 120 558 Tm (Distress) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 558 Tm (.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 558 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 558 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 558 Tm (that) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 547 Tm ("Defendants' predecessor companies aided or abetted,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 535 Tm (or under other theories of secondary liability .. ,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 524 Tm (participated in, allowed, or implicitly or recklessly,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 513 Tm (sanctioned, and/or benefitted from an institution that) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 501 Tm (relied on the sexual exploitation, violent abuse and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 490 Tm (rape to achieve its goals of a malleable and unpaid) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 479 Tm (work force." Id.) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 479 Tm (9[) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 478 Tm (305. Plaintiffs further allege that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 467 Tm ("[t]he violence and crimes against the enslaved group) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 456 Tm (were done with the calculated intent of demeaning,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 444 Tm (subjugating, and controlling the enslaved population) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (for the purposes of exploitation for profit and for the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 421 Tm (direct benefit of commercial industries." Id. Plaintiffs') Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 410 Tm (prayer for relief under Count V seeks an accounting) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 399 Tm (of profits earned from slave labor, a constructive trust) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 388 Tm (i) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 387 Tm (mposed on such profits, restitution, equitable) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (disgorgement, and punitive damages. Id.) Tj 47 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 376 Tm (y[) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 376 Tm (310.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 354 Tm (Count) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 353 Tm (VI is styled "Negligent Infliction of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 342 Tm (Emotional Distress." Plaintiffs allege that, as a result) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 330 Tm (of Defendants' negligent conduct and omissions in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 319 Tm (relation to the slave trade and the slavery industry,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 308 Tm ("Plaintiffs) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 307 Tm (and their deceased enslaved African) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 296 Tm (ancestors suffered emotional distress and) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 256 296 Tm (mental) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 285 Tm (anguish." Id.) Tj 47 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 283 Tm (9[) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 285 Tm (314.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 263 Tm (Counts) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 262 Tm (VII--XIII) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 262 Tm ([FN191) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 262 Tm (of the Plaintiffs') Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 251 Tm (Complaint allege violations of various state consumer) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 240 Tm (protection laws. Specifically,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 239 Tm (Count VII alleges) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (violations of the New York Consumer Protection) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 217 Tm (from Deceptive Acts and Practices Law,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 216 Tm (NY Gen.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 206 Tm (Bus. Law 349) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 205 Tm (-350; Count IX alleges violations) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 194 Tm (of the Texas Deceptive Trade Practices and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 183 Tm (Consumer Protection Act,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 182 Tm (Tex. Bus. & Com.Code ) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 172 Tm (17.41) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 172 Tm (et) Tj 1 0 0 1 113 171 Tm (seq.;) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 171 Tm (Count) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 171 Tm (X alleges violations of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 160 Tm (California's) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 160 Tm (Preservation) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 160 Tm (and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 160 Tm (Regulation) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 159 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 149 Tm (Competition Law,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 148 Tm (Cal. Bus. & Prof.Code 17200) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 148 Tm (et) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 138 Tm (seq.;) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 137 Tm (Count XI alleges violations of the Illinois) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 126 Tm (Consumer Fraud and Deceptive Business Practices) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 115 Tm (Act,) Tj 1 0 0 1 87 115 Tm (815) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 115 Tm (Ill.) Tj 1 0 0 1 122 115 Tm (Comn.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 115 Tm (Stat. 505/) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 115 Tm (1) Tj 0 0 0 rg 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 114 Tm (et seq.; Count XII) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 104 Tm (alleges) Tj 1 0 0 1 100 103 Tm (violations) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 103 Tm (of the Louisiana Unfair Trade) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 92 Tm (Practices and Consumer Protection Law,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 91 Tm (La.Rev.Stat.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 65 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 752 Tm (1) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 535 752 Tm (3) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 706 Tm (Ann.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 706 Tm () Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 706 Tm (51:1401) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 390 705 Tm (et seq.; Count XIII alleges violations) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 694 Tm (of the New Jersey Unfair Trade Practices Law,) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 693 Tm (NN-J.) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 683 Tm (Stat.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 682 Tm (Ann. 56:8-1) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 682 Tm (et seq.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 682 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 682 Tm (SCAC) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 150 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 682 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 682 Tm (315-366.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 660 Tm (FN19.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 659 Tm (Plaintiffs include no Count VIII.) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 637 Tm (In essence, the Plaintiffs seek reparations from) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 625 Tm (Defendants for their alleged roles in the institution of) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 614 Tm (human chattel slavery as it existed in the United) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 603 Tm (States from 1619 through 1865, to date.) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 1 0 0 1 323 580 Tm (3.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 580 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 580 Tm (Second) Tj 1 0 0 1 419 580 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 579 Tm (and Amended) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 569 Tm (Complaint) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 568 Tm (is) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 568 Tm (Not) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 568 Tm (Materially) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 568 Tm (Different) Tj 1 0 0 1 517 568 Tm (from) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 557 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 557 Tm (First) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 557 Tm (Consolidated) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 137 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 557 Tm (and) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 557 Tm (Amended) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 546 Tm (Complaint) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 523 Tm (Plaintiffs' SCAC repeats many of the same factual) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 512 Tm (and legal allegations found in Plaintiffs' First) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 500 Tm (Consolidated and Amended Complaint \("FCAC"\).) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 489 Tm (The FCAC and the SCAC both begin with a lengthy) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 477 Tm (allegation of the historical background of the Trans-) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 466 Tm (Atlantic Slave Trade, the institution of slavery in the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 454 Tm (colonies and the United States, the "state slave codes") Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 443 Tm (which gave legal sanction to slavery, the honors of) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 432 Tm (slavery, and the eventual abolishment of slavery.) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 420 Tm (Both Complaints then go on to allege that the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 409 Tm (institution of slavery still negatively impacts African-) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 398 Tm (Americans. The Complaints allege,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 397 Tm (inter alia,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 397 Tm (that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 386 Tm (African-Americans receive fewer college degrees) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 375 Tm (than whites, have less income than whites, and are) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 364 Tm (more likely to be incarcerated than whites. The) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 353 Tm (Complaints) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 352 Tm (further) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 352 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 352 Tm (that) Tj 1 0 0 1 491 352 Tm (Defendants') Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (participation in the slave trade and the institution of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 330 Tm (slavery is a direct cause of these harms.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 307 Tm (*18 Both Complaints include the following Counts:) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (Conspiracy,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 295 Tm (Intentional) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 295 Tm (Infliction) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 295 Tm (of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 295 Tm (Emotional) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 284 Tm (Distress,) Tj 1 0 0 1 361 284 Tm (Conversion,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 284 Tm (Unjust Enrichment, and 42) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 273 Tm (U.S.C. 1982) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 273 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 272 Tm (The Conspiracy Counts are generally) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 261 Tm (materially similar, and they are virtually identical in) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 250 Tm (places.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 250 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 250 Tm (FCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 248 Tm (9[) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 248 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 250 Tm (215-17) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 250 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 250 Tm (SCAC,19[) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 239 Tm (257- 67. The Intentional Infliction of Emotional) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 228 Tm (Distress) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 227 Tm (Counts again are generally) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 227 Tm (materially) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (similar, and they are virtually identical in places.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 205 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 204 Tm (FCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 203 Tm (9[) Tj 1 0 0 1 403 203 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 204 Tm (232-35) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 204 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 204 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 203 Tm (9[) Tj 1 0 0 1 508 203 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 204 Tm (304-) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 193 Tm (10.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 193 Tm (The Conversion Counts are also generally) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (materially similar, and they are virtually identical in) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 170 Tm (places, although Plaintiffs now allege that the slaves) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (had a property interest in themselves as well as a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (property interest in their labor.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 147 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 147 Tm (FCAC,) Tj 47 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 147 Tm (9[) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 147 Tm (9[) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 136 Tm (239-42) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 136 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 136 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 135 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 135 Tm (9[) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 136 Tm (268-80.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 136 Tm (The Unjust) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 125 Tm (Enrichment Counts as well are materially similar, and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 114 Tm (are virtually identical in places.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 114 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 113 Tm (FCAC,) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 113 Tm (11) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 102 Tm (243-53) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 102 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 102 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 101 Tm (9[) Tj 1 0 0 1 416 101 Tm (9[) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 102 Tm (281-88. The) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 102 Tm (42 U.S.C. ) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (1982) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 91 Tm (Count is virtually identical in both Complaints.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 272 0 obj 13922 endobj 273 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 262 0 R /OP11Font1 263 0 R /OP11Font2 268 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_12 260 0 R >> >> endobj 274 0 obj [ 269 0 R 271 0 R ] endobj 275 0 obj [ 264 0 R 265 0 R 266 0 R 267 0 R ] endobj 259 0 obj << /Annots 275 0 R /Contents 274 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 273 0 R /Thumb 260 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 277 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 278 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_13 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4GF #GDuH$_"q:10悄lDw> endobj 280 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 281 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 282 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 163 351 188 362 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 283 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 189 351 193 360 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 284 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://claim.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 110 260 155 271 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 285 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://claim.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 156 260 158 269 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 286 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://court.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 448 270 505 281 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 287 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://court.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 505 270 510 279 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 288 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 396 259 426 270 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 289 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 427 259 432 268 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 290 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 322 237 354 248 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 291 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 355 237 360 245 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 292 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 441 236 470 247 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 293 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 470 236 475 245 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 294 0 obj << /Length 295 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 365 m 279 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 354 m 93 354 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 163 353 m 188 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 189 353 m 193 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 110 262 m 155 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 156 262 m 158 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 100 240 m 125 240 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 648 m 536 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 637 m 347 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 637 m 444 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 452 477 m 483 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 489 477 m 517 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 477 m 536 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 466 m 407 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 512 443 m 537 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 432 m 324 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 328 432 m 354 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 359 432 m 462 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 364 330 m 387 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 391 330 m 406 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 448 272 m 505 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 505 272 m 510 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 396 261 m 426 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 427 261 m 432 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 322 239 m 354 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 355 239 m 360 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 441 239 m 470 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 470 239 m 475 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 227 m 320 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 228 m 347 228 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 503 159 m 523 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 529 158 m 536 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 148 m 393 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 398 148 m 500 148 l S endstream endobj 295 0 obj 1697 endobj 296 0 obj << /Length 297 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 744 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 731 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 66 707 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 106 706 Tm (FCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 216 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 705 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 706 Tm (254-60) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 706 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 706 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 216 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 704 Tm (11) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 706 Tm (299-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 695 Tm (303. Both Complaints also include numerous Counts) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 684 Tm (alleging violations of various state consumer fraud) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 672 Tm (and fair trade statutes.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 672 Tm (Compare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 672 Tm (FCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 670 Tm (9[) Tj 1 0 0 1 242 670 Tm (9I) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 672 Tm (244-53) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 661 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 661 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 166 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 661 Tm (9) Tj 1 0 0 1 125 661 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 660 Tm (315-66. Plaintiffs' allegations in the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 649 Tm (various SCAC Counts are, in many places, word for) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 638 Tm (word repetitions of allegations) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 638 Tm (made in FCAC) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 627 Tm (Counts.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 627 Tm (Compare, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 627 Tm (FCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 626 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 626 Tm (255) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 626 Tm (with) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 626 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 79 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 626 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 616 Tm (300.) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 592 Tm (The SCAC adds new Counts of Replevin and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 581 Tm (Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress. However,) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 570 Tm (the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 569 Tm (fundamental problems contained within the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 558 Tm (FCAC, Plaintiffs' lack of standing, the political) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 546 Tm (question issue, the statutes of limitations, and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 535 Tm (Plaintiffs' failure to state a claim on which relief can) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 524 Tm (be granted, have not been resolved by the SCAC.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 513 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 512 Tm (SCAC still fails to state a claim upon) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 501 Tm (which relief could be granted, and also fails to allege) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 490 Tm (any facts that would indicate that Plaintiffs have) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 478 Tm (standing, that the issue of slave reparations is not a) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 467 Tm (political question, or that the applicable statutes of) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 456 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 456 Tm (mitations have not expired.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (4.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 432 Tm (Defendants' Joint Motion to Dismiss) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 432 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 421 Tm (Second Consolidated and Amended Complaint) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 399 Tm (Defendants have responded to Plaintiffs' Second) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 388 Tm (Consolidated and) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 387 Tm (Amended Complaint with the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 376 Tm (present Joint Motion to Dismiss, brought pursuant to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 365 Tm (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12\(b\)\(1\) and \(6\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 364 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 354 Tm ([FN201) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 353 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 353 Tm (Defs.' Joint) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 353 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 353 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 353 Tm (Dismiss Pls.' Second) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 342 Tm (Consolidated and Amd. Compl., at 1. Defendants) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 330 Tm (allege four separate grounds which, they assert,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 319 Tm (warrant dismissal: \(1\) Plaintiffs' claims fall short of) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 308 Tm (both) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 307 Tm (constitutional) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 307 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 307 Tm (prudential) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 307 Tm (standing) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 296 Tm (requirements; \(2\) all of Plaintiffs' claims are time-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 285 Tm (barred; \(3\) Plaintiffs' claims present a non) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 284 Tm (justiciable) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 273 Tm (political question; and \(4\) Plaintiffs fail to state any) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 262 Tm (cognizable) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 262 Tm (claim. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 262 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 262 Tm (1-2.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 240 Tm (FN20.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 239 Tm (Loews Corporation has not joined in) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 228 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 228 Tm (present) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 228 Tm (Motion to Dismiss. Loews) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 216 Tm (Corporation has filed a separate Motion to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 205 Tm (Dismiss, to which Plaintiffs have failed to) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 194 Tm (reply.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 193 Tm (The court therefore dismisses this) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 182 Tm (action as to Defendant Loews Corporation,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 171 Tm (pursuant to Local Rule 78.3.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 149 Tm (Defendants' Joint) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 148 Tm (Motion to Dismiss Plaintiffs') Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 137 Tm (Second Consolidated and Amended Complaint is) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 126 Tm (now fully briefed and before the court.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 103 Tm (IV. DISCUSSION) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 92 Tm (A. Justiciability Doctrines) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 306 Tm (1. Standing) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 65 Tm (0) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 65 Tm (2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 752 Tm (1) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 752 Tm (4) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 694 Tm (*19 Article III, 2 of the United States Constitution) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 682 Tm (provides that federal courts have jurisdiction only if) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 671 Tm (presented) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 671 Tm (with a "Case" or "Controversy." The) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 659 Tm (requirement of a case or controversy imposes a "dual) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 649 Tm (li) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 648 Tm (mitation") Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 648 Tm (upon the federal courts.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 648 Tm (See) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 648 Tm (Flast v.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 637 Tm (Cohen,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 637 Tm (392 U.S. 83, 94 \(1968\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 637 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 637 Tm (First, the requirement) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 626 Tm (of a case or controversy serves to "limit the business) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 614 Tm (of federal courts to questions presented in an) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 603 Tm (adversary context and in a form historically viewed) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 591 Tm (as capable of resolution through the judicial process.") Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 580 Tm (Id. Second, the requirement of a case or controversy) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 568 Tm (serves to "define the role assigned to the judiciary in) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 557 Tm (a tripartite allocation of power to assure that the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 546 Tm (federal courts will not intrude into areas committed to) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 534 Tm (the other branches of government." Id. This "dual) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 523 Tm (li) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 523 Tm (mitation" found in the requirement of a case or) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 512 Tm (controversy is enforced by what have been termed) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 500 Tm (the justiciability doctrines of Article III, which state) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 489 Tm (the fundamental limits on federal judicial power in) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 478 Tm (our system of government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 477 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 452 477 Tm (Allen v.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 477 Tm (Wright,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 477 Tm (468) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 466 Tm (U.S. 737, 750 \(1984\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 466 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 466 Tm ("Concerns of justiciability go) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 454 Tm (to the power of the federal courts to entertain) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 443 Tm (disputes, and to the wisdom of their doing so.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 443 Tm (Renne) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (v.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 432 Tm (Gearv.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 432 Tm (501 U.S. 312, 316 \(1991\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 432 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 432 Tm (The justiciability) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 420 Tm (doctrines include principles such as the prohibition) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (against) Tj 1 0 0 1 358 409 Tm (advisory) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 409 Tm (opinions,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 409 Tm (standing,) Tj 1 0 0 1 501 409 Tm (ripeness,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 398 Tm (mootness, and the political question doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 397 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 387 Tm (generally) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 387 Tm (Erwin Chemerinsky,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 386 Tm (Constitutional Law:) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 375 Tm (Principles and Policies) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 375 Tm (46 \(Aspen Law & Business) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (1997\). "The Article III doctrine that requires a litigant) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 352 Tm (to have 'standing' to invoke the power of a federal) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 341 Tm (court is perhaps the most important of these) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 330 Tm (doctrines.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 330 Tm (Allen.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 330 Tm (468) Tj 1 0 0 1 408 329 Tm (U.S. at 750.) Tj 1 0 0 1 321 284 Tm (Defendants first assert that Plaintiffs lack standing to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 273 Tm (bring these claims in a federal) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 448 272 Tm (court. Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 272 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 272 Tm (Supp.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 261 Tm (of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 261 Tm (Defs.') Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 261 Tm (Joint) Tj 0 0 1 rg 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 261 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 261 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 261 Tm (Dismiss) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 261 Tm (Pls.') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 261 Tm (Second) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 250 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 250 Tm (Amd. Compl., at 2-3 \(hereinafter,) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 239 Tm (") Tj 0 0 1 rg 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 239 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 239 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 239 Tm (Supp. of Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 239 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 239 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 239 Tm (Dismiss II"\).) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 227 Tm (f) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 228 Tm (FN211) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 227 Tm (The doctrine of standing ensures that a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 216 Tm (litigant is the proper party to bring a matter before a) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 204 Tm (federal court for adjudication, by asking if that) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 193 Tm (specific litigant has a sufficient stake in the matter to) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 182 Tm (invoke the federal judicial process. This central) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 170 Tm (principle) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 170 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 170 Tm (United) Tj 1 0 0 1 428 170 Tm (States) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 170 Tm (Supreme) Tj 1 0 0 1 513 170 Tm (Court) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 159 Tm (jurisprudence has deep historical roots.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 159 Tm (See) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 159 Tm (Miss.) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 158 Tm (&) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 148 Tm (M.R. Co. v. Ward.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 148 Tm (67 U.S. 485, 491 \(1863\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 147 Tm (\("unless) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 136 Tm (he shows that he has sustained, and is still sustaining,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 125 Tm (individual damage, he cannot be heard"\). As the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 114 Tm (Supreme) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 114 Tm (Court recently reiterated: "We have) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 102 Tm (consistently stressed that a plaintiffs complaint must) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 91 Tm (establish that he has a 'personal stake' in the alleged) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 297 0 obj 13369 endobj 298 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 279 0 R /OP11Font1 280 0 R /OP11Font2 281 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_13 277 0 R >> >> endobj 299 0 obj [ 294 0 R 296 0 R ] endobj 300 0 obj [ 282 0 R 283 0 R 284 0 R 285 0 R 286 0 R 287 0 R 288 0 R 289 0 R 290 0 R 291 0 R 292 0 R 293 0 R ] endobj 276 0 obj << /Annots 300 0 R /Contents 299 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 298 0 R /Thumb 277 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 302 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 303 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_14 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream tqTGQ#b3L#tG˨h"SA2eQa:8`!JC$3G6 9VU& VQDL! AOD|0ex(sNd!a!"ts#t]Ѵb""0CrDDDfy\R:#._#rr&hDDF"""2 #_#:##h """"10Jh"#ПG:6DD Db"uRFGD|!t]IW*&(pP"""""2h. BGFtf+#L(B" IDDSFGGEфhAAX C yt""#)6"? endstream endobj 303 0 obj 715 endobj 304 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 305 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 306 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 207 612 238 624 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 307 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 239 612 243 621 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 308 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 130 601 156 612 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 309 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 156 601 161 610 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 310 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 327 703 337 715 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 311 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 346 703 350 712 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 312 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 350 703 353 713 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 313 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 314 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 326 487 336 498 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 315 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 342 487 346 496 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 316 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 347 487 349 497 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 317 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 418 168 438 179 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 318 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 438 168 441 178 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 319 0 obj << /Length 320 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 695 m 216 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 695 m 243 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 248 694 m 285 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 68 684 m 102 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 661 m 129 661 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 207 615 m 238 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 239 615 m 243 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 130 604 m 156 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 156 604 m 161 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 226 376 m 261 376 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 266 376 m 283 376 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 365 m 127 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 131 365 m 157 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 162 365 m 178 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 183 365 m 284 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 167 285 m 253 285 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 258 284 m 283 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 274 m 73 274 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 83 274 m 198 274 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 327 706 m 337 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 346 705 m 350 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 350 705 m 353 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 428 682 m 491 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 495 682 m 504 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 506 682 m 529 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 533 682 m 542 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 322 672 m 373 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 379 671 m 484 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 326 489 m 336 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 342 489 m 346 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 347 489 m 349 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 502 307 m 538 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 295 m 347 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 295 m 371 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 378 295 m 396 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 404 295 m 479 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 440 273 m 538 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 262 m 391 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 261 m 517 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 418 170 m 438 170 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 438 170 m 441 170 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 444 170 m 465 170 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 506 170 m 538 170 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 159 m 350 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 159 m 479 159 l S endstream endobj 320 0 obj 2245 endobj 321 0 obj << /Length 322 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 68 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 707 Tm (dispute,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 706 Tm (and that the alleged injury suffered is) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 695 Tm (particularized as to him.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 695 Tm (Raines v.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 695 Tm (Bvrd,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 694 Tm (521 U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 684 Tm (811, 819) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 684 Tm (\(1997\).) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 661 Tm (FN21.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 661 Tm (Defendants incorporate by reference) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 650 Tm (their previous) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 649 Tm (Memorandum in Support of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 638 Tm (Defendants' Joint) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 638 Tm (Motion to Dismiss the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 626 Tm (Plaintiffs' First Consolidated and Amended) Tj 1 0 0 1 103 615 Tm (Complaint \(hereinafter ") Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 615 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 615 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 615 Tm (Supp. of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 604 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 604 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 604 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 603 Tm (Dismiss I"\) into their present) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 592 Tm (Memorandum.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 570 Tm (a.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 569 Tm (Historical Overview of the Doctrine of Standing) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 547 Tm (The requirement that a litigant demonstrate standing-) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 535 Tm (-a personal stake in an alleged dispute--to bring a) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 524 Tm (matter before a court for adjudication has been a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 513 Tm (bedrock principle in our system of law, as well as the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 501 Tm (common law system from which our system of law) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 490 Tm (developed. The standing doctrine comes from the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 479 Tm (well-known common law doctrine of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 478 Tm (locus standi,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 467 Tm (which translated from Latin) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 467 Tm (means "place of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 456 Tm (standing." In essence, the doctrine of locus) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 455 Tm (standi) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 444 Tm (concerns whether an individual has the legal capacity) Tj 1 0 0 1 67 433 Tm (to institute proceedings.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 433 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 432 Tm (S.M. Thio, Locus) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 422 Tm (Standi and Judicial Review) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 421 Tm (13-14, 235-36 \(1971\)) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 410 Tm (\(analyzing the doctrines of standing in the United) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 399 Tm (States and in other common law countries\). The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 388 Tm (concept of standing, or) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 387 Tm (locus standi,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 218 387 Tm (was well known) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 376 Tm (to the early federal courts.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 376 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 376 Tm (Southern) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 376 Tm (Exp.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 365 Tm (Co. v. Western) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 365 Tm (MCR.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 365 Tm (Co..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 365 Tm (99 U.S. 191, 201 \(1878\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 354 Tm (\(holding) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 353 Tm (that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 353 Tm (since) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 353 Tm (appellant) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 353 Tm (had) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 353 Tm (no legally) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 342 Tm (cognizable interest in the suit, appellant "can,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 330 Tm (therefore, have no) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 330 Tm (locus standi) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 330 Tm (in a court of equity"\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 307 Tm (*20 The standing doctrine serves to reinforce that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 297 Tm ("[t]he) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 296 Tm (province of the court is, solely, to decide on the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 285 Tm (rights of individuals....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 285 Tm (Marbury v. Madison.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 284 Tm (5 U.S.) Tj 71 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 274 Tm (\(1) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 274 Tm (Cranch\) 137, 170 \(1803\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 273 Tm (.) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 273 Tm (As stated in an) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 262 Tm (authoritative nineteenth century treatise: "The general) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 251 Tm (rule is that the action should be brought in the name) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 240 Tm (of the party whose legal right has been affected,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 228 Tm (against the party who committed or caused the injury,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 217 Tm (or by or against his personal representative." Joseph) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 206 Tm (Chitty,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 205 Tm (A Treatise on Pleading and Parties to Actions) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 194 Tm (1 \(G. & C. Merriam 1867\). In specific reference to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 183 Tm (tort actions, that treatise provides:) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 171 Tm (The action for a tort must in general be brought in) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 160 Tm (the name of the person whose) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 160 Tm (legal) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 160 Tm (right has been) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 149 Tm (affected, and who was) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 148 Tm (legally) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 148 Tm (interested in the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 138 Tm (property) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 137 Tm (at) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 137 Tm (the time the injury thereto was) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 126 Tm (committed; for he is impliedly the party injured by) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 115 Tm (the tort, and whoever has sustained the loss is the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 103 Tm (proper person to call for compensation from the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 92 Tm (wrongdoer.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 65 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 65 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 752 Tm (1) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 536 752 Tm (5) Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 706 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 705 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 705 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 705 Tm (59 \(emphasis in original and footnotes) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 694 Tm (omitted\). This treatise was relied upon by the United) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 683 Tm (States Supreme Court in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 682 Tm (Tyler v. Judges) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 682 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 682 Tm (Court) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 682 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 672 Tm (Registration.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 671 Tm (179 U.S. 405, 407 \(1900\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 671 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 671 Tm (in which the) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 660 Tm (Supreme Court discussed the proper parties to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 648 Tm (litigation. In elucidating the standing doctrine's focus) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 637 Tm (on the rights of individuals, the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 637 Tm (Tyler) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 637 Tm (Court stated:) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 625 Tm (The prime object of all litigation is to establish a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 614 Tm (right asserted by the plaintiff or to sustain a defense) Tj 1 0 0 1 331 603 Tm (set up by the party pursued. Save in a few instances) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 591 Tm (where, by statute or the settled practice of the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 580 Tm (courts, the plaintiff is permitted to sue for the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 569 Tm (benefit of another, he is bound to show an interest) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 557 Tm (in the suit personal to himself, and even in a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 546 Tm (proceeding which he prosecutes for the benefit of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 535 Tm (the public, as, for example, in cases of nuisance, he) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 523 Tm (must generally aver an injury peculiar to himself,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 512 Tm (as distinguished from the great body of his fellow) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 501 Tm (citizens.) Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 489 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 489 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 489 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 489 Tm (406. In) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 489 Tm (Tyler,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 489 Tm (the Court reiterated that the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 477 Tm (doctrine of standing "has been announced in so many) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 466 Tm (cases in this court that it may not be considered an) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 455 Tm (open question." Id.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 432 Tm (This core aspect of the doctrine of standing--that a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 421 Tm (litigant) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 421 Tm (must demonstrate a personal stake in an) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 409 Tm (alleged) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 409 Tm (dispute--has remained unchanged as the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 398 Tm (Supreme) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 398 Tm (Court has elucidated the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 398 Tm (modern) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 387 Tm (formulation and rationale for the doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 364 Tm (b.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 364 Tm (Modern Formulation of the Doctrine of Standing) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 341 Tm (The) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 341 Tm (modern standing doctrine involves both) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 330 Tm (constitutional limitations on federal courts, based on) Tj 1 0 0 1 321 318 Tm (Article III, and prudential limitations on the exercise) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 307 Tm (of federal court jurisdiction.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 306 Tm (See, e .g.,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 307 Tm (Warth v.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 295 Tm (Seldin.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 295 Tm (422) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 295 Tm (U.S.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 295 Tm (490, 498 \(1975\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 295 Tm (.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 295 Tm ("Article III) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 284 Tm (standing ... enforces the Constitution's case or) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 273 Tm (controversy requirement....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 273 Tm (Elk Grove Unified Sch.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 262 Tm (Dist. v. Newdow,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 261 Tm (124 S.Ct. 2301, 2308 \(2004\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 261 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 261 Tm (The) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 250 Tm (Supreme) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 250 Tm (Court has explained that "prudential) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 239 Tm (standing encompasses 'the general prohibition on a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 228 Tm (litigant's raising another person's legal rights, the rule) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 216 Tm (barring adjudication of generalized grievances more) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 205 Tm (appropriately) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 204 Tm (addressed) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 204 Tm (in) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 205 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 204 Tm (representative) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 193 Tm (branches, and the requirement that a plaintiffs) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 182 Tm (complaint fall within the zone of interests protected) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 170 Tm (by the law invoked.' ") Tj 0 0 1 rg 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 418 170 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 170 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 444 170 Tm (2309) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 170 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 170 Tm (Allen v.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 159 Tm (Wri.eht.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 159 Tm (468 U.S. 737, 751 \(1984\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 159 Tm (.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 159 Tm (Without the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (doctrine of standing, "the courts would be called) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 136 Tm (upon to decide abstract questions of wide public) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 125 Tm (significance) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 125 Tm (even) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 125 Tm (though) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 125 Tm (other) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 125 Tm (governmental) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 114 Tm (institutions) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 114 Tm (may be more competent to address the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 103 Tm (questions...." Id.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 322 0 obj 13135 endobj 323 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 304 0 R /OP11Font1 305 0 R /OP11Font2 313 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_14 302 0 R >> >> endobj 324 0 obj [ 319 0 R 321 0 R ] endobj 325 0 obj [ 306 0 R 307 0 R 308 0 R 309 0 R 310 0 R 311 0 R 312 0 R 314 0 R 315 0 R 316 0 R 317 0 R 318 0 R ] endobj 301 0 obj << /Annots 325 0 R /Contents 324 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 323 0 R /Thumb 302 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 327 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 328 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_15 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream AG4DtGDt{#hFhyEѴGdu0DDD$8쥃4}#hGF(B""8@DEd莈#DG mVG+]ba8PDDDD:'B:<] aFD:0&heѼ!!#tGRg}lGgtmBCF:AGC0#q/!!՗Eь#6gFh7DDA##s/>t` FCEh/Ѣ.:#@"GD4iF#K #莢""") ͗ˣl!)/D~""(!e#GtGQ@iE:/ Ca  !ф#躈@DE3B(tgtm˙s) maDtGQh3<#фGFG":ЈC#A0ͨE̎ """"#Gfdu endstream endobj 328 0 obj 738 endobj 329 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 330 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 331 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 332 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 466 215 496 226 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 333 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 496 215 501 224 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 334 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 505 213 532 226 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 335 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 532 215 537 224 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 336 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 371 203 398 214 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 337 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 398 203 403 212 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 338 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 513 192 536 203 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 339 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 319 180 321 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 340 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 322 180 326 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 341 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 329 178 354 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 342 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 354 180 359 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 343 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 388 180 413 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 344 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 413 180 418 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 345 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://century.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 429 145 485 158 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 346 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://century.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 486 147 488 157 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 347 0 obj << /Length 348 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 682 m 139 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 143 682 m 152 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 682 m 187 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 192 683 m 276 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 499 m 92 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 500 m 181 500 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 261 364 m 281 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 352 m 239 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 244 352 m 280 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 191 306 m 260 306 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 266 307 m 281 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 294 m 81 294 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 88 295 m 148 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 295 m 193 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 244 295 m 280 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 283 m 94 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 102 283 m 131 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 141 283 m 159 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 283 m 182 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 191 284 m 209 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 217 284 m 234 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 243 284 m 281 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 226 m 148 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 153 227 m 220 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 116 136 m 280 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 251 102 m 283 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 188 90 m 190 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 199 90 m 214 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 223 90 m 240 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 250 91 m 257 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 267 91 m 280 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 349 672 m 418 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 423 672 m 433 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 436 673 m 513 673 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 520 673 m 534 673 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 660 m 333 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 342 660 m 359 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 368 661 m 407 661 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 415 661 m 454 661 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 661 m 534 661 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 649 m 495 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 650 m 510 650 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 516 650 m 534 650 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 637 m 333 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 344 638 m 384 638 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 638 m 437 638 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 408 627 m 453 627 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 463 627 m 496 627 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 627 m 534 627 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 614 m 362 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 368 614 m 388 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 614 m 407 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 411 615 m 442 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 451 615 m 534 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 535 m 340 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 349 535 m 363 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 370 535 m 388 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 535 m 402 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 409 536 m 424 536 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 471 536 m 498 536 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 506 536 m 520 536 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 528 536 m 533 536 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 524 m 432 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 438 524 m 448 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 453 524 m 471 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 525 m 534 525 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 400 513 m 432 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 437 513 m 501 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 466 217 m 496 217 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 496 217 m 501 217 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 505 217 m 532 217 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 532 218 m 537 218 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 371 205 m 398 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 398 205 m 403 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 513 195 m 536 195 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 319 182 m 321 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 322 182 m 326 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 329 182 m 354 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 354 182 m 359 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 388 183 m 413 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 413 183 m 418 183 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 429 149 m 485 149 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 486 149 m 488 149 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 509 150 m 537 150 l S endstream endobj 348 0 obj 4180 endobj 349 0 obj << /Length 350 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 60 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 741 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 730 Tm (\(N.D.I11.\)\)) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 705 Tm (*21 The modern formulation of the constitutional) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 693 Tm (li) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 693 Tm (mitations of the standing doctrine was elucidated in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 682 Tm (Luian v. Defenders) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 682 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 682 Tm (Wildlife.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 683 Tm (504 U.S. 555 \(1992\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 683 Tm (,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 671 Tm (where the Supreme Court stated:) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 660 Tm (Over the years, our cases have established that the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 648 Tm (irreducible constitutional) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 648 Tm (minimum of standing) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 636 Tm (contains three elements. First, the plaintiff must) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 625 Tm (have suffered an injury in fact--an invasion of a) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 613 Tm (legally protected interest which is \(a\) concrete and) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 602 Tm (particularized, and \(b\) actual or imminent, not) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 591 Tm (conjectural or hypothetical. Second, there must be) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 579 Tm (a causal connection between the injury and the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 568 Tm (conduct complained of--the injury has to be fairly) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 557 Tm (traceable to the challenged action of the defendant) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 546 Tm (and not the result of the independent action of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 534 Tm (some third party not before the court. Third, it must) Tj 1 0 0 1 71 522 Tm (be likely, as opposed to merely speculative, that the) Tj 1 0 0 1 71 511 Tm (injury will be redressed by a favorable decision.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 499 Tm (Luian,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 500 Tm (504 U.S. at 560-61) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 500 Tm (\(citations and internal) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 488 Tm (quotations omitted\). The principle of standing is) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 477 Tm (therefore commonly viewed as requiring a legally) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 465 Tm (sufficient relationship between the parties in a suit.) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 454 Tm ("Under the standing doctrine, the relationship) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 443 Tm (becomes legally important only if the defendant is in) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 432 Tm (some way both directly responsible for causing) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 420 Tm ([plaintiffs] injury, and able to redress it ." Eric J.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 408 Tm (Miller,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 409 Tm (Representing the Race: Standing to Sue in) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 397 Tm (Reparations Lawsuits,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 398 Tm (20 HARV. BLACKLETTER) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 385 Tm (L.J.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 386 Tm (91, 93 \(2004\). "This triad of injury in fact,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 375 Tm (causation, and redressability constitutes the core of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 363 Tm (Article III's case-or-controversy requirement.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 261 364 Tm (Steel) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 352 Tm (Co. v. Citizens For a Better Environment.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 352 Tm (523 U.S.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 340 Tm (83, 103-04 \(1998\). These constitutional limitations) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 329 Tm (on standing "are not confined to the facts of any) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 317 Tm (particular case, but are broadly relevant to standing in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 306 Tm (any Article III controversy.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 306 Tm (Plotkin v. Ryan,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 307 Tm (239) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 294 Tm (F.3d) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 295 Tm (882, 884 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 295 Tm (Cir.2001\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 295 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 295 Tm (see also) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 295 Tm (Books v.) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 283 Tm (Elkhart) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 283 Tm (County) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 283 Tm (Ind,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 283 Tm (401) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 284 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 284 Tm (857,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 284 Tm (861 \(7th) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 272 Tm (Cir.2005) Tj 67 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 272 Tm (\).) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 249 Tm (The party seeking to invoke federal court jurisdiction) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 238 Tm (has the burden of establishing the elements of) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 226 Tm (standing.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 226 Tm (See) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 226 Tm (Luian,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 227 Tm (504 U.S. at 561) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 227 Tm (.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 227 Tm ("[S]ince) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 265 227 Tm (they) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 215 Tm (are not mere pleading requirements but rather an) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 204 Tm (indispensable part of the plaintiffs case, each element) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 192 Tm (must be supported in the same way as any other) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 181 Tm (matter on which the plaintiff bears the burden of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 170 Tm (proof, i.e., with the manner and degree of evidence) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 158 Tm (required at the successive stages of the litigation." Id.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 147 Tm (The present motion is a motion to dismiss brought) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 135 Tm (pursuant to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 136 Tm (Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12\(b\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 281 136 Tm (,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 124 Tm (and in this posture "we must presume that the general) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 113 Tm (allegations in the complaint encompass the specific) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 102 Tm (facts necessary to support those allegations.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 102 Tm (Citizens) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 90 Tm (For a Better Environment) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 188 90 Tm (.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 90 Tm (523) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 90 Tm (U.S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 91 Tm (at) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 267 91 Tm (104) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 281 91 Tm (.) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 706 Tm (") Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 706 Tm (However, [w]here standing is challenged as a factual) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 695 Tm (matter, the plaintiff bears the burden of supporting) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 684 Tm (the allegations necessary for standing with competent) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 672 Tm (proof.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 672 Tm (Perry v. Village) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 672 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 673 Tm (Arlington Heights.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 673 Tm (186) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 660 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 660 Tm (826,) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 661 Tm (829 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 661 Tm (Cir.1999\)) Tj 1 0 0 1 462 661 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 661 Tm (Retired) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 649 Tm (Chicago Police Assn v. City of Chicago,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 650 Tm (76) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 516 650 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 637 Tm (856,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 638 Tm (862 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 638 Tm (Cir.1996\)\)) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 638 Tm (\(internal) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 639 Tm (quotations) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 626 Tm (omitted\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 626 Tm (see) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 626 Tm (also) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 627 Tm (McNutt v.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 627 Tm (General) Tj 1 0 0 1 504 627 Tm (Motors) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 614 Tm (Acceptance) Tj 1 0 0 1 368 614 Tm (Corp) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 614 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 615 Tm (Indiana) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 615 Tm (298 U.S. 178, 189) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 604 Tm (1936 \(indicating that the party invoking federal) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 592 Tm (court jurisdiction) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 593 Tm (must "allege in his pleading the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 581 Tm (facts essential to show jurisdiction) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 581 Tm ([and][i]f) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 582 Tm (he fails) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 569 Tm (to) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 332 570 Tm (make the necessary allegations he has no) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 558 Tm (standing"\). " 'Competent proof requires a showing by) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 547 Tm (a preponderance of the evidence that standing exists.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 535 Tm (Perry,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 535 Tm (186) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 535 Tm (F.3d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 535 Tm (at) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 536 Tm (829) Tj 1 0 0 1 431 536 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 536 Tm (NLFC.) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 536 Tm (Inc.) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 536 Tm (v.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 524 Tm (Devcom Mid-America. Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 524 Tm (45) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 524 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 525 Tm (231, 237 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 512 Tm (Cir.1995) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 512 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 512 Tm (see also) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 513 Tm (McNutt,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 513 Tm (298 U.S. at 189) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 513 Tm (\(stating) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 501 Tm (that) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 501 Tm (when "allegations of jurisdictional facts are) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 490 Tm (challenged ... in any appropriate manner, [the party) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 478 Tm (alleging) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 478 Tm (jurisdiction]) Tj 1 0 0 1 421 478 Tm (must) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 479 Tm (support) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 479 Tm (them) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 479 Tm (by) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 467 Tm (competent proof;" and if unchallenged, the federal) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 455 Tm (courts) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 455 Tm (") Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 456 Tm (may demand that the party alleging) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 444 Tm (jurisdiction justify his allegations by a preponderance) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 432 Tm (of evidence"\).) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (e.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 410 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 410 Tm (Allegations in Support of their) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 398 Tm (Standing to Maintain this Suit) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 376 Tm (*22 In general, Plaintiffs claim that the source of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 365 Tm (their injury is the institution of slavery. Plaintiffs first) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 353 Tm (point to four distinct injuries which they allege are) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 342 Tm (sufficient to confer them standing to maintain this) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 330 Tm (suit.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 330 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 331 Tm (allege that they currently suffer) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 319 Tm (concrete, direct harm as descendants of slaves, in that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 308 Tm (they presently do not have "the same opportunities as) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 296 Tm ([do] their white contemporaries, ... [do] not have to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 284 Tm (overcome) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 285 Tm (barriers) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 285 Tm (to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 285 Tm (their) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 460 286 Tm (human right to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 274 Tm (development which their white contemporaries [do]) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 262 Tm (not, ... suffer irreparable psychological damage from) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 251 Tm (the loss of their history, language and culture," ... and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 240 Tm (that they do not "know the actual birth names of ...) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 228 Tm (their forebearers and, consequently, to this day do not) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 217 Tm (know their own real names." Pls.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 217 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 217 Tm (n) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 217 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 218 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 205 Tm (Defs.' Joint) Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 205 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 205 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 206 Tm (Dismiss the Second Amended) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 194 Tm (and Consolidated Compl., at 1-2 \(hereinafter ") Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 195 Tm (Mem.) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 182 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 182 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 182 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 182 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 183 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 183 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 421 183 Tm (Dismiss II"\). Next, Plaintiffs) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 171 Tm (allege that particular Plaintiffs, Cain) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 172 Tm (Wall and his) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 160 Tm (children, and Emma Clark, were themselves actually) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (enslaved in the twentieth) Tj 0 0 1 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 149 Tm (century. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 149 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 149 Tm (2 .) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 150 Tm (WN221) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 138 Tm (Plaintiffs then allege that, as they have filed or will) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 125 Tm (file) Tj 1 0 0 1 347 126 Tm (the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 126 Tm (necessary) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 126 Tm (paperwork) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 126 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 127 Tm (become) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 115 Tm (administrators of their ancestor's estates, they have) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 103 Tm (suffered an actual, particularized injury by being) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 92 Tm (denied their rightful inheritances. Id.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 64 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 1 0 0 1 501 754 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 755 Tm (1) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 755 Tm (6) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 350 0 obj 14353 endobj 351 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 329 0 R /OP11Font1 330 0 R /OP11Font2 331 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_15 327 0 R >> >> endobj 352 0 obj [ 347 0 R 349 0 R ] endobj 353 0 obj [ 332 0 R 333 0 R 334 0 R 335 0 R 336 0 R 337 0 R 338 0 R 339 0 R 340 0 R 341 0 R 342 0 R 343 0 R 344 0 R 345 0 R 346 0 R ] endobj 326 0 obj << /Annots 353 0 R /Contents 352 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 351 0 R /Thumb 327 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 355 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 356 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_16 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream # g\ˆtGE|2B>]Y#:<-BʈDdGȾaml_LBRl$#HGaG#tGE b,!h0C"#6^09""""!3ydtGDu4F""""9B#t]#:8cKjhDBM|. A $;Dt-2ADDDDDfq/dtyDuh/9@DD5PH#tGE:ECiN"GF1DDDDDFODt]R.v^=#"""0a DFgȺ#tf莈t""nq~ 3!H(t_(G(##|DDFR6FiD|#:8DDDDAXEtGD|+G^!H#+SGF8B"48EvPPQY+AtGF":.:.eDDDDG endstream endobj 356 0 obj 708 endobj 357 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 358 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 359 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 102 371 131 382 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 360 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 131 371 136 380 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 361 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 140 369 165 382 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 362 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 166 371 170 380 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 363 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 200 371 226 383 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 364 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 226 371 230 380 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 365 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 379 497 397 508 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 366 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 397 497 400 507 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 367 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 368 0 obj << /Length 369 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 96 694 m 121 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 198 624 m 222 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 228 625 m 278 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 96 613 m 124 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 102 374 m 131 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 131 374 m 136 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 140 374 m 165 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 166 373 m 170 373 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 200 374 m 226 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 226 374 m 230 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 125 124 m 280 124 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 112 m 140 112 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 147 112 m 280 112 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 101 m 89 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 379 499 m 397 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 397 499 m 400 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 353 363 m 533 363 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 351 m 414 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 348 271 m 376 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 455 181 m 464 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 470 181 m 475 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 487 181 m 500 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 90 m 382 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 389 90 m 471 90 l S endstream endobj 369 0 obj 1191 endobj 370 0 obj << /Length 371 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 741 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 1 0 0 1 178 729 Tm (\(N.D.Ill.\)\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 694 Tm (FN22.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 693 Tm (Plaintiffs do not, however, allege that) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 682 Tm (these specific Plaintiffs were enslaved by) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 670 Tm (Defendants or any predecessors-in-interest) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 659 Tm (of Defendants. Even if these allegations) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 647 Tm (were true, any harms suffered by these) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 636 Tm (specific Plaintiffs are not "fairly traceable") Tj 1 0 0 1 96 624 Tm (to the Defendants.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 624 Tm (See) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 624 Tm (Luian.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 625 Tm (504 U.S. at) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 613 Tm (560-61) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 613 Tm (.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 613 Tm (Such allegations are therefore) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 602 Tm (insufficient to confer standing on these) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 590 Tm (specific Plaintiffs.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 590 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (Further, Plaintiffs allege that they have "suffered) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 556 Tm (segregation, lost opportunity, diminished self-worth) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 545 Tm (and value, loss of property rights, loss of derivative) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 534 Tm (property rights, and psychological harm...." SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 273 532 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 522 Tm (108. Plaintiffs also allege that they are "presently) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 511 Tm (consumers of Defendants" and have been injured by) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 499 Tm (certain communications) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 499 Tm (made by the Defendants) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 488 Tm (concerning) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 488 Tm (Defendants' respective roles in the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 476 Tm (institution of slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 476 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 476 Tm (y[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 476 Tm (104.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 476 Tm (Specifically,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 465 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 465 Tm (allege that "[d]ue to unconscionable,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 454 Tm (fraudulent) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 454 Tm (and deceptive public communications) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 442 Tm (made by defendants, plaintiffs suffered the harm of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 431 Tm (being misled, confused, and deceived about the roles) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 420 Tm (the defendants played in the enslavement of African) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 408 Tm (people.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 408 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 408 Tm (Additionally,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 408 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 408 Tm (allege injury) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 396 Tm (through the Defendants' alleged continuing violation) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 385 Tm (of state consumer protection laws. SCAC, Counts) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 374 Tm (VII-XIII;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 374 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 131 374 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 374 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 373 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 374 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 374 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 374 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 374 Tm (Dismiss II,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 362 Tm (at 9-14.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 340 Tm (However,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 340 Tm ("[e]ven) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 340 Tm (if [Plaintiffs'] claimed injury is) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 328 Tm (sufficiently specific, it is not clear that [Plaintiffs) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 317 Tm (themselves are] harmed. The fact of having an) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 306 Tm (enslaved ancestor, even one transported, insured, or) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 294 Tm (put to work by the defendants, does not seem) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 283 Tm (sufficient injury) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 283 Tm (without something more.") Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 283 Tm (Miller,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 271 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 271 Tm (at 97 \(commenting specifically on the instant) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 260 Tm (case\).) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 260 Tm ("[D]escent) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 260 Tm (from slaves is not of itself an injury,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 249 Tm (rather the sorts of legally relevant injuries are harms) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 237 Tm (suffered by individuals that are attributable to the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 226 Tm (ongoing effects of slavery." Id. The type of injuries) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 215 Tm (Plaintiffs are alleging in this case therefore cannot be) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 203 Tm (understood as run-of-the-mill, traditional injuries as) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 192 Tm (are commonly found in most tort claims. Plaintiffs) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 180 Tm (are alleging that injuries to their long-dead ancestors) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 169 Tm (are causing them concrete harm today.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 169 Tm ("[P]arties) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 158 Tm (suffering non-traditional injuries) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 158 Tm (must prove, to) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 158 Tm (a) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 146 Tm (virtual certainty,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 146 Tm (the causal link between the action) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 135 Tm (challenged) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 135 Tm (and the claimed injury....") Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 135 Tm (Laveta) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 124 Tm (Casdorph,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 124 Tm (The) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 124 Tm (Constitution and Reconstitution of the) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 112 Tm (Standing Doctrine,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 112 Tm (30 ST. MARY'S L.J. 471, 502) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 101 Tm (1\(999\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 101 Tm (\(emphasis) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 101 Tm (added\).) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 101 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 101 Tm (face) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 89 Tm (insurmountable problems in establishing "to a virtual) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 704 Tm (certainty") Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 704 Tm (that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 704 Tm (they) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 705 Tm (have) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 704 Tm (suffered) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 704 Tm (concrete,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 693 Tm (individualized harms at the hands of Defendants.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 682 Tm ("[A]n essential prerequisite to bringing suit is the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 670 Tm (plaintiffs) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 670 Tm (ability to establish) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 670 Tm (with precision her) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 659 Tm (relationship to the injury and the defendant." Miller,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 647 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 648 Tm (at 93. In terms of slavery reparations, the ") Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 636 Tm ('traditional') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 636 Tm (model ... seeks suit against a defendant or) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 625 Tm (defendants on behalf of a plaintiff class comprised of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 613 Tm (descendants) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 613 Tm (of slaves." Id. In such situations,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 602 Tm (plaintiffs "assume[ ] that a familial relationship) Tj 1 0 0 1 314 590 Tm (between the ancestor victim and the descendant) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 579 Tm (plaintiff--what might be called hereditary or genetic) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 568 Tm (standing--is) Tj 1 0 0 1 372 568 Tm (sufficient) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 568 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 568 Tm (bring) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 568 Tm (suit.") Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 568 Tm (Id.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 568 Tm (An) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 556 Tm (assumption such as this is difficult to implement in) Tj 1 0 0 1 314 545 Tm (practice. "The notion that standing can be inherited) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 534 Tm (\(the 'genetic' theory of standing\) is ... legally ...) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 522 Tm (suspect; and the notion that groups, rather than) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 511 Tm (individuals,) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 511 Tm (have standing to sue, is legally) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 499 Tm (insupportable.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 499 Tm (Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 499 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 499 Tm (94.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 476 Tm (\(1\).) Tj /OP11Font2 7 Tf 139 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 476 Tm (Constitutional Limitations on Standing) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 454 Tm (\(a\).) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 453 Tm (Derivative Harm) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 62 Tm (0) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 63 Tm (2005) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 63 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 1 0 0 1 274 63 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 752 Tm (1) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 752 Tm (7) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 431 Tm (*23 It is well-established that a plaintiff must " 'show) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 420 Tm (that) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 420 Tm (he personally has suffered some actual or) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 408 Tm (threatened injury as a result of the putatively illegal) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 397 Tm (conduct of the defendant.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 397 Tm (Valley Forge Christian) Tj 145 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 385 Tm (College v. Americans United for Separation of) Tj 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 374 Tm (Church and State, Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 374 Tm (454 U.S. 454, 472 \(1982\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 362 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 363 Tm (Gladstone, Realtors v. Village of Bellwood,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 351 Tm (441 U.S. 91, 99 \(1979\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 351 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 351 Tm (Plaintiffs cannot establish a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 340 Tm (personal injury by merely identifying tort victims and) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 328 Tm (alleging) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 328 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 329 Tm (genealogical relationship.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 329 Tm (The illegal) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 317 Tm (conduct at issue here, the institution of slavery, is) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 306 Tm (alleged to have directly affected Plaintiffs' ancestors.) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 294 Tm (Plaintiffs now, more than a century later, point to that) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 283 Tm (horrific institution as the source of their derivative) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 272 Tm (injury.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 271 Tm ([FN231) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 272 Tm (However, Plaintiffs' own choice of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 260 Tm (words,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 260 Tm (derivative,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 260 Tm (should be sufficient to signify the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 249 Tm (standing problem in this case.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 249 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 249 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 248 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 249 Tm (114.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 238 Tm (Plaintiffs fail to allege that they have personally) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 226 Tm (suffered a concrete and particularized injury as a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 215 Tm (result) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 215 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 215 Tm (Defendants') Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 418 215 Tm (putatively illegal conduct;) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 204 Tm (rather, Plaintiffs' alleged injury is derivative of the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 192 Tm (injury inflicted upon enslaved African-Americans) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 181 Tm (over a century ago.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 181 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 181 Tm (id.) Tj 62 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 181 Tm (91) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 181 Tm (111) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 181 Tm (\("Each) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 169 Tm (Plaintiff) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 169 Tm (African-American slave descendant has) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 158 Tm (suffered by the Defendants' failure to pay their) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 147 Tm (ancestors for their labor as slaves or as sharecroppers,) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 135 Tm (peons or even slaves"\). This is insufficient to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 124 Tm (establish standing, and contrary to centuries of well-) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 113 Tm (settled legal principles requiring that a litigant) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 101 Tm (demonstrate a personal stake in an alleged dispute.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 90 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 90 Tm (Tyler,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 90 Tm (179 U.S. at 406-07) Tj 1 0 0 1 476 90 Tm (\(stating that a) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 371 0 obj 13169 endobj 372 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 357 0 R /OP11Font1 358 0 R /OP11Font2 367 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_16 355 0 R >> >> endobj 373 0 obj [ 368 0 R 370 0 R ] endobj 374 0 obj [ 359 0 R 360 0 R 361 0 R 362 0 R 363 0 R 364 0 R 365 0 R 366 0 R ] endobj 354 0 obj << /Annots 374 0 R /Contents 373 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 372 0 R /Thumb 355 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 376 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 377 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_17 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream L/8:#:Et_4G HDDHDE"38=G."taZ A ZAh TQDtc.g󈎈.vW! @ 7Et]"""!Έ2:#|#4+ Sq#%ԟ#<DGB]wE9C:1Fy"B#@po."""#3Dt]t]ˢ:#"eьWh  R*J)""""1!Gtmˣh/e !GG6CFtGDs0CB"1Cc'f82CDtm #"""41":#Ⱥ.Gtm>Gt!A@)#L":Έ(AY]#ȏQE$YJ2md~֐EL$AqIhb""""""# hG#zEለGFitatGW6DRPAG#MB"AF"&I# 9AF?PX2t]p""""""#%Jh.:.4DuHDE:2:#:#|#>_8)LCV"LDDDDFAtGD0;R3yo# endstream endobj 377 0 obj 737 endobj 378 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 379 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 380 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 381 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://groups.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 480 132 536 146 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 382 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://groups.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 536 135 539 145 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 383 0 obj << /Length 384 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 112 683 m 137 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 144 683 m 216 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 187 649 m 216 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 220 649 m 283 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 490 m 88 490 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 96 489 m 171 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 212 489 m 282 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 478 m 206 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 455 m 126 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 142 375 m 167 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 173 375 m 240 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 133 182 m 158 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 162 182 m 225 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 376 523 m 401 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 406 523 m 472 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 466 m 389 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 393 466 m 431 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 435 466 m 495 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 499 467 m 519 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 523 467 m 538 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 340 455 m 352 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 0 792 m 352 792 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 455 m 408 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 431 239 m 523 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 528 239 m 538 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 228 m 338 228 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 342 228 m 381 228 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 385 228 m 423 228 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 371 171 m 391 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 396 171 m 406 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 410 171 m 429 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 433 171 m 464 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 480 137 m 536 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 536 137 m 539 137 l S endstream endobj 384 0 obj 1694 endobj 385 0 obj << /Length 386 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 65 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 743 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 706 Tm (plaintiff must "aver an injury peculiar to himself, as) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 695 Tm (distinguished from the great body of his fellow) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 684 Tm (citizens"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 683 Tm (Luian,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 683 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 683 Tm (\(stating that a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 672 Tm ("plaintiff) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 672 Tm (must have suffered an injury in fact--an) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 660 Tm (invasion of a legally protected interest which is ...) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 649 Tm (concrete and particularized"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 649 Tm (Raines,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 649 Tm (521 U.S. at 819) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 637 Tm (\(stating that "a plaintiffs complaint must establish) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 626 Tm (that he has a 'personal stake' in the alleged dispute,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 615 Tm (and that the alleged injury suffered is particularized) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 604 Tm (as to him"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 603 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 603 Tm (Antonin Scalia,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 219 603 Tm (The Doctrine of) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 592 Tm (Standing as an Essential Element of the Separation of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 581 Tm (Powers,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 581 Tm (17 SUFFOLK U.L.REV. 881, 881-82 \(1983\)) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 569 Tm (\("I suggest that courts need to accord greater weight) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 558 Tm (than they have in recent times to the traditional) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 546 Tm (requirement that the plaintiffs alleged injury be a) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 535 Tm (particularized) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 535 Tm (one...."\).) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 535 Tm (To recognize Plaintiffs') Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 523 Tm (standing in this case "would transform the federal) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 512 Tm (courts into 'no more than a vehicle for the vindication) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 501 Tm (of the value interests of concerned bystanders.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 490 Tm (Allen,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 489 Tm (468 U.S. at 756) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 489 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 489 Tm (United States v.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 478 Tm (SCRAP, 412 U.S. 669, 687 \(1973\)\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 478 Tm (.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 455 Tm (FN23.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 455 Tm (Several of the named Plaintiffs allege) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 444 Tm (to have been slaves during the twentieth) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 432 Tm (century, but also fail to establish standing to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 421 Tm (sue Defendants for their alleged injuries.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 421 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 409 Tm (discussion) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 409 Tm (infra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 168 409 Tm (at n.22, and 44-45.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 387 Tm (In addition, the injury alleged cannot be "conjectural) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (or hypothetical.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 375 Tm (Luian,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 375 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 375 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 376 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 364 Tm (allege injury through being "denied the economic) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 353 Tm (wealth of his or her ancestors' labor;" Plaintiffs also) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 342 Tm (allege they hold a "derivative and inherited property) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 330 Tm (right in their ancestors' lost pay...." SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 330 Tm (y[) Tj 1 0 0 1 253 330 Tm (%) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 330 Tm (113-) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 318 Tm (14. However, Plaintiffs' claim to the economic wealth) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 307 Tm (of their ancestors' labor is conjectural.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 307 Tm (While most) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 296 Tm (would like to assume that they will be the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 284 Tm (beneficiaries of their ancestors' wealth upon their) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 273 Tm (demise, this is a mere assumption. Plaintiffs can only) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 261 Tm (speculate that their ancestors' estates would have) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 250 Tm (been passed on to them, and cannot say that they) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 239 Tm (would have inherited their ancestors' lost pay. This is) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 228 Tm (insufficient to show a personal injury to Plaintiffs.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 205 Tm (*24 Further, the Plaintiffs must allege a "causal) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (connection between the injury and the conduct) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 182 Tm (complained of.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 182 Tm (Luian,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 182 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 182 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 182 Tm ("[T]he injury) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (has to be fairly traceable to the challenged action of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 159 Tm (the defendant, and not the result of the independent) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 148 Tm (action of some third party not before the court...." Id.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 137 Tm (The allegations of Plaintiffs' SCAC do not link these) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 125 Tm (Defendants to the alleged harm. Plaintiffs fail to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (allege any facts in their Complaint that directly link) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 103 Tm (the specifically named Defendants to the alleged) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 91 Tm (injuries suffered by the Plaintiffs; nor does the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 753 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 753 Tm (1) Tj 1 0 0 1 534 753 Tm (8) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 706 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 706 Tm (Complaint allege a direct connection) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 694 Tm (between any of the named Defendants and any of the) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 683 Tm (Plaintiffs' ancestors. The named Plaintiffs who allege) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 672 Tm (that they are descendants of enslaved African-) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 660 Tm (Americans fail to allege that their ancestors were) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 648 Tm (enslaved by any of the seventeen specifically named) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 637 Tm (Defendants.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 637 Tm (Likewise, the named Plaintiffs who) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 626 Tm (allege that they were slaves fail to allege that they) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 614 Tm (were enslaved by any of the seventeen specifically) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 603 Tm (named Defendants. Plaintiffs' only response to this) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 592 Tm (fundamental defect is to allege that Defendants were) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 580 Tm (engaged in "co-dependent" industries and therefore) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 569 Tm (are generally and vicariously liable for the institution) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 558 Tm (of slavery.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 558 Tm (However, Plaintiffs fail to allege how) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 546 Tm (their) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 546 Tm (alleged) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 546 Tm (harms are "not the result of the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 535 Tm (independent action of some third party not before the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 523 Tm (court....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 523 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 376 523 Tm (Luian.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 523 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 523 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 523 Tm (Plaintiffs offer) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 512 Tm (no allegations that Defendants had any relationship) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 501 Tm (with specific entities that enslaved the named) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 489 Tm (Plaintiffs or their ancestors.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 489 Tm (More than "unadorned) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 478 Tm (speculation" is required to establish standing.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 478 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 466 Tm (Simon v. Eastern) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 466 Tm (Kentucky) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 466 Tm (Welfare Rights) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 467 Tm (Org..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 467 Tm (426) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 455 Tm (U.S.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 340 455 Tm (26,) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 455 Tm (3-44 \(1976\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 455 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 432 Tm (\(b\).) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 432 Tm (Continuing Injury) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 65 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 65 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 410 Tm (Plaintiffs' allegations that they suffer injury on a) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 398 Tm (continuing basis also fail to establish the requisite) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 387 Tm (standing. Plaintiffs claim a continuing injury through) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 375 Tm (the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 376 Tm (allegation) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 376 Tm (that) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 418 376 Tm ("[t]hey) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 376 Tm (still) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 376 Tm (endure) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 376 Tm (daily) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 364 Tm (indignities from the legacy of slavery, including, but) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 353 Tm (not limited to, racial profiling, racial slurs, and) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 341 Tm (i) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 342 Tm (mproper and hurtful assumptions regarding their) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 330 Tm (overall status." SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 166 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 330 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 330 Tm (115. Further, Plaintiffs) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 318 Tm (allege that they "continue[ ] to be harmed to the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 307 Tm (present) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 307 Tm (day, in that each ... are deprived job) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 296 Tm (opportunities, caused psychic harm, denied ability to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 284 Tm (inherit his or her fore-parents wealth." Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 6 Tf 79 Tz 1 0 0 1 491 283 Tm (9I) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 285 Tm (110.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 262 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 262 Tm (allegations of continuing harm are no) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 250 Tm (different than the allegations of continuing harm) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 239 Tm (made by the plaintiffs in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 239 Tm (Cato v. United States.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 239 Tm (70) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 228 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 228 Tm (1103 \(9th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 228 Tm (Cir.1995\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 228 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 228 Tm (and other similar cases. In) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 216 Tm (Cato,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 216 Tm (descendants of enslaved African-Americans) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 205 Tm (filed) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 205 Tm (a) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 205 Tm (complaint) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 205 Tm (against) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 205 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 205 Tm (United) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 205 Tm (States) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 194 Tm (government seeking damages due to the enslavement) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 182 Tm (of, and subsequent discrimination against, African-) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 171 Tm (Americans.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 171 Tm (Cato,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 171 Tm (70) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 171 Tm (F.3d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 171 Tm (at 1105) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 171 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 171 Tm (The plaintiffs in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 159 Tm (Cato) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 159 Tm (alleged injuries) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 159 Tm (based) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 160 Tm (on "disparities in) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (employment, income, and education" between) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 137 Tm (African-Americans and other racial) Tj 0 0 1 rg 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 137 Tm (groups. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 536 137 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 125 Tm (1109. The) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 125 Tm (Cato) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 126 Tm (court found that such allegations) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 114 Tm (were insufficient to establish an injury personal to the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 103 Tm (plaintiffs so as to establish the plaintiffs' standing;) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (rather, such injuries were "a generalized, class-based) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 386 0 obj 13094 endobj 387 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 378 0 R /OP11Font1 379 0 R /OP11Font2 380 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_17 376 0 R >> >> endobj 388 0 obj [ 383 0 R 385 0 R ] endobj 389 0 obj [ 381 0 R 382 0 R ] endobj 375 0 obj << /Annots 389 0 R /Contents 388 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 387 0 R /Thumb 376 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 391 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 392 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_18 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream b ؈Nf#~""9>m>]#ƙ#@DDb"34aP莈GE("""1h#>miHt- HlQ#o4B"#hDdKtGDt_#:(" Јe:gѩф_8G B#* r> aC AЈFh.t_.n=QЊB#taL#tGˣR/e9X{#莁+0 #qB ytmMEфᕇBB"* DDey|yDx7PRDDDF""3)GDs#:#|š":fi # DDDDF#4F̺(ͣh##k!Z."GF9 #HX'DtGFh]F)˦P@AHFĺ d|!D|#>qqab"""1E興T":7Dto1DDDG endstream endobj 392 0 obj 733 endobj 393 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 394 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 395 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 105 123 134 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 396 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 135 123 139 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 397 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 142 121 168 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 398 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 168 123 172 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 399 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 202 123 226 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 400 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 227 123 231 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 401 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 101 100 132 111 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 402 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 132 100 137 109 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 403 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 142 98 169 111 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 404 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 169 100 174 109 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 405 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 206 100 233 111 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 406 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 233 100 238 109 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 407 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 180 89 211 100 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 408 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 212 89 216 98 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 409 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 222 87 249 100 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 410 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 249 89 254 98 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 411 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 356 703 381 714 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 412 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 381 703 386 712 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 413 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 369 156 399 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 414 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 400 156 404 165 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 415 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 408 154 435 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 416 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 435 156 440 165 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 417 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 471 156 497 167 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 418 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 497 156 501 165 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 419 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 372 111 402 122 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 420 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 402 111 407 120 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 421 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 411 109 437 122 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 422 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 437 111 442 120 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 423 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 472 111 497 122 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 424 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 497 111 502 120 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 425 0 obj << /Length 426 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 154 649 m 173 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 184 648 m 283 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 638 m 174 638 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 604 m 80 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 85 604 m 90 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 96 603 m 203 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 208 603 m 217 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 220 603 m 249 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 254 603 m 282 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 592 m 282 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 581 m 103 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 94 569 m 112 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 569 m 282 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 558 m 88 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 129 558 m 158 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 164 558 m 170 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 177 558 m 234 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 557 m 283 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 546 m 283 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 150 421 m 174 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 176 420 m 252 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 207 330 m 236 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 254 295 m 282 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 125 216 m 156 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 163 216 m 178 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 184 216 m 202 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 209 216 m 216 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 223 216 m 237 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 159 m 126 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 105 125 m 134 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 135 125 m 139 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 142 125 m 168 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 168 125 m 172 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 202 125 m 226 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 227 125 m 231 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 101 103 m 132 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 132 103 m 137 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 142 103 m 169 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 169 103 m 174 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 206 103 m 233 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 233 102 m 238 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 180 91 m 211 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 212 91 m 216 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 222 91 m 249 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 249 91 m 254 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 356 705 m 381 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 381 705 m 386 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 682 m 381 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 497 670 m 537 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 660 m 386 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 391 659 m 500 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 614 m 454 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 459 613 m 538 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 602 m 491 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 432 m 420 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 425 432 m 493 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 459 386 m 482 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 386 m 538 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 375 m 348 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 369 159 m 399 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 400 159 m 404 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 408 158 m 435 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 435 158 m 440 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 471 158 m 497 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 497 158 m 501 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 372 114 m 402 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 402 114 m 407 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 411 113 m 437 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 437 113 m 442 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 472 113 m 497 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 497 113 m 502 113 l S endstream endobj 426 0 obj 3530 endobj 427 0 obj << /Length 428 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 707 Tm (grievance...." Id.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 706 Tm (Other courts faced with similar) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 695 Tm (complaints have also found that those plaintiffs had) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 683 Tm (failed to establish their standing to litigate claims) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 672 Tm (based on continuing injuries alleged to be the result) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 661 Tm (of slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 660 Tm (See, e.g., Bell v. United States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 660 Tm (No. CIV.) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 649 Tm (A.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 649 Tm (301CV0338D,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 649 Tm (2001) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 648 Tm (WL 1041792, at *2) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 638 Tm (\(N.D.Tex. Aug. 31, 2001\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 637 Tm (\(plaintiff lacked standing) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 626 Tm (to file suit against United States government seeking) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 614 Tm (damages for the enslavement of African-Americans\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 604 Tm (Bey) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 604 Tm (v.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 603 Tm (United States Department) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 153 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 603 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 603 Tm (Justice.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 603 Tm (No. 95) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 592 Tm (CIV 10401. 1996 WL 413684, at *1 \(S.D.N.Y. July) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 581 Tm (24, 1996\)) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 581 Tm (\(same\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 580 Tm (Langley v. United States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 580 Tm (No. C 95-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 569 Tm (4227,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 94 569 Tm (1995) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 569 Tm (WL 714378, at *2 \(N.D.Cal. Nov. 30,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 558 Tm (1995\)) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 94 558 Tm (\(same\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 558 Tm (Himiva) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 558 Tm (v.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 558 Tm (United States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 557 Tm (No. 94 C) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 546 Tm (4065, 1994 WL 376850, *2 \(N.D.Ill. July 15, 1994\)) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 535 Tm (\("Although it is extremely regrettable that this) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 523 Tm (country's history, as well as the history of many other) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 512 Tm (countries, includes a significant history of slavery,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 501 Tm (the plaintiff does not have proper standing under the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 489 Tm (law to recover damages for this reprehensible time) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 478 Tm (period"\). Like the plaintiffs' allegations in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 478 Tm (Cato) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 478 Tm (and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 467 Tm (the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 466 Tm (other slavery reparations cases decided after) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 455 Tm (Cato,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 455 Tm (Plaintiffs' allegations of continuing harm in this) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 444 Tm (case do not establish a concrete and particularized) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 432 Tm (injury-in-fact, as these allegations are too speculative) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 421 Tm (and generalized.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 421 Tm (See) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 421 Tm (Luian) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 420 Tm (504 U.S. at 560-61) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 253 421 Tm (.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 398 Tm (*25 Plaintiffs argue that the other lawsuits seeking) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 386 Tm (reparations for acts related to the institution of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 375 Tm (slavery are distinguishable on the grounds that those) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 365 Tm (cases) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 94 364 Tm (were brought by) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 364 Tm (pro se) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 364 Tm (plaintiffs,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 364 Tm (acting) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 353 Tm (without the guidance of counsel, and against the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 341 Tm (United States Government, protected from suit by the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 330 Tm (doctrine of sovereign immunity.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 330 Tm (1FN241) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 330 Tm (These are) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 318 Tm (distinctions) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 318 Tm (without a difference. Those pro) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 318 Tm (se) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 307 Tm (plaintiffs could have been represented by attorneys) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 295 Tm (and the result would not have changed.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 295 Tm ([FN251) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 284 Tm (Furthermore, the doctrine of sovereign immunity was) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 273 Tm (only one of many jurisdictional bars to suit in those) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 262 Tm (cases,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 262 Tm (including) Tj 1 0 0 1 151 262 Tm (standing.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 261 Tm (The) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 261 Tm (constitutional) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 251 Tm (li) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 250 Tm (mitations on standing, including an injury-in-fact,) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 244 Tm (,.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 239 Tm (are not confined to the facts of any particular case,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (but are broadly relevant to standing in any Article III) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 216 Tm (controversy.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 216 Tm (Plotkin,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 216 Tm (239) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 216 Tm (F.3d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 216 Tm (at) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 216 Tm (884) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 216 Tm (.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 216 Tm (Like the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 205 Tm (plaintiffs in those cases, Plaintiffs fail to allege any) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 193 Tm (concrete and particular injury-in-fact that they have) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 182 Tm (suffered apart from their race generally.) Tj 1 0 0 1 101 159 Tm (FN24.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 159 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 159 Tm (make this argument in their) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 148 Tm (Memorandum in Opposition to Defendants') Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 137 Tm (Joint) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 136 Tm (Motion to Dismiss, 9-10 \(hereinafter) Tj 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 126 Tm (") Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 125 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 125 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 125 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 125 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 125 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 125 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 227 125 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 125 Tm (Dismiss I"\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 114 Tm (Plaintiffs "incorporate by reference" their) Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 103 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 103 Tm (n) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 103 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 103 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 102 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 103 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 102 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 102 Tm (Dismiss I) Tj 36 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 92 Tm (i) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 91 Tm (nto their present) Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 91 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 91 Tm (n) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 91 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 91 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 259 91 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 705 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 705 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 389 705 Tm (Dismiss II.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 682 Tm (FN25.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 682 Tm (In fact, courts give special treatment) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 671 Tm (to) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 671 Tm (pro se) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 671 Tm (litigation.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 671 Tm (See,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 671 Tm (e.g.,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 670 Tm (Haines v.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 660 Tm (Kerner,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 659 Tm (404 U.S. 519, 520 \(1972\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 659 Tm (\(holding) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 648 Tm (that allegations of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 431 648 Tm (pro se) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 648 Tm (complaints are held) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 637 Tm (to "less stringent standards than formal) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 625 Tm (pleadings drafted by lawyers"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 625 Tm (see also) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 614 Tm (Castro v. United States.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 613 Tm (540 U.S. 375. 381-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 602 Tm (82, 124 S.Ct. 786, 791-92 \(2003\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 602 Tm (\(indicating) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 591 Tm (that while holding pro) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 591 Tm (se) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 591 Tm (complaints to less) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 580 Tm (stringent) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 580 Tm (standards,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 579 Tm (courts) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 579 Tm (may) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 568 Tm (recharacterize such) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 568 Tm (motions in order to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 557 Tm (avoid) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 557 Tm (unnecessary) Tj 1 0 0 1 471 557 Tm (dismissal) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 557 Tm (or) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 546 Tm (inappropriately) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 546 Tm (stringent) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 546 Tm (application) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 545 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 534 Tm (formal labeling requirements\).) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 512 Tm (Further,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 511 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 511 Tm (Complaint is devoid of any) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 500 Tm (allegations) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 500 Tm (that) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 500 Tm (any specific conduct of the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 489 Tm (Defendants was a cause of the continuing injuries of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 477 Tm (which Plaintiffs complain. Such wide-ranging social) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 466 Tm (ills are not even alleged "to be fairly traceable to the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 454 Tm (challenged action of the defendant, and not the result) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 443 Tm (of the independent action of some third party not) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 432 Tm (before the court.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 432 Tm (Luian.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 432 Tm (504 U S. at 560) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 432 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 432 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 420 Tm (allegations) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 420 Tm (of abstract stigmatic injury are not) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (cognizable absent specific allegations of conduct on) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 397 Tm (behalf of the Defendants that has been directed at) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 386 Tm (Plaintiffs or their ancestors. Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 386 Tm (Allen.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 386 Tm (468 U.S. at) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 375 Tm (755-56) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 375 Tm (.) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 352 Tm (\(c\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 352 Tm (Miscellaneous Injury) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 64 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 752 Tm (Page) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 752 Tm (1) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 752 Tm (9) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 329 Tm (Lastly,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 329 Tm (Plaintiffs allege injury, in their status as) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 318 Tm (consumers of the Defendants, through being misled,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 306 Tm (confused,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 306 Tm (and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 306 Tm (deceived) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 306 Tm (about the roles the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (Defendants played in the enslavement of African) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 284 Tm (peoples,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 284 Tm (as) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 284 Tm (a) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 284 Tm (result) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 283 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 283 Tm (Defendants') Tj 1 0 0 1 512 283 Tm (public) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 272 Tm (communications.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 272 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 272 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 272 Tm (y[) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 272 Tm (104. Plaintiffs also) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 261 Tm (allege) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 261 Tm (harm through the Defendants' "intentional) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 250 Tm (misrepresentations" relating to their involvement in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 239 Tm (securing profits from slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 238 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 238 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 238 Tm (227. These) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 227 Tm (alleged injuries relate to causes of action pled in) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 216 Tm (Complaint as violations of various state) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 204 Tm (consumer protection laws.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 204 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 204 Tm (Counts VII-XIII.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 193 Tm (Plaintiffs argue that their allegations that Defendants) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 181 Tm (have violated these State consumer protection laws) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 170 Tm (are sufficient to confer them standing to pursue these) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (claims.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 159 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 159 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 159 Tm (n) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 158 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 158 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 158 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 158 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 158 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 158 Tm (Dismiss) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (II, IV. Further, Plaintiffs argue that some of these) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 136 Tm (statutes do not even require that an injury be alleged,) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 125 Tm (and therefore their standing to pursue these claims is) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 114 Tm (a given.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 114 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 114 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 114 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 113 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 113 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 113 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 113 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 113 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 113 Tm (Dismiss) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 102 Tm (I, at 11.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 428 0 obj 15130 endobj 429 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 393 0 R /OP11Font1 394 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_18 391 0 R >> >> endobj 430 0 obj [ 425 0 R 427 0 R ] endobj 431 0 obj [ 395 0 R 396 0 R 397 0 R 398 0 R 399 0 R 400 0 R 401 0 R 402 0 R 403 0 R 404 0 R 405 0 R 406 0 R 407 0 R 408 0 R 409 0 R 410 0 R 411 0 R 412 0 R 413 0 R 414 0 R 415 0 R 416 0 R 417 0 R 418 0 R 419 0 R 420 0 R 421 0 R 422 0 R 423 0 R 424 0 R ] endobj 390 0 obj << /Annots 431 0 R /Contents 430 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 429 0 R /Thumb 391 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 433 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 434 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_19 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 8]E R]:8""9C:3/Gu$Ћ)ʡYGFaA0NYQE ]":#":#X B@%xq0kYN\LD|VVb""_Df#6莋B q!tb.#<#>GDvGWe|E+&CeVUB""""#fFOFEĎtfo6(tGX hDDDDDf|sD] F!8qh#Dy#:DF"'ԣ/EpE@0D|8@ (Heq,U[9Gh"""1hmgtn0#]F|_/G.R )DDDDDDG3Ϣ:8?:hR4]FjB,y$dt=ĺ>F#3GF3hGD|2:#EYCqTDDDDDDeZ":6aFGQa BFN#hD|#t]Dtb-8L!&"""""2CDOG !V!|%40#GDtGDu 4t] Bm@""""""2dq##:6 r# BDdytGEGDt_0qʌ1v]DDDD endstream endobj 434 0 obj 731 endobj 435 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 436 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 437 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 397 440 429 451 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 438 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 429 440 434 449 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 439 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 439 438 467 451 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 440 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 467 440 472 449 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 441 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 505 440 532 451 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 442 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 532 440 537 449 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 443 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 436 167 446 178 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 444 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 453 167 457 176 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 445 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 457 167 460 177 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 446 0 obj << /Length 447 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 207 648 m 239 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 242 648 m 248 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 252 648 m 282 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 637 m 199 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 194 613 m 282 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 602 m 91 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 95 602 m 111 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 602 m 130 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 133 602 m 151 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 154 602 m 208 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 211 602 m 250 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 568 m 149 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 568 m 224 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 170 545 m 209 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 214 545 m 246 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 251 545 m 282 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 534 m 134 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 183 488 m 200 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 204 488 m 282 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 375 m 133 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 137 375 m 152 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 374 m 173 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 176 374 m 200 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 144 272 m 167 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 173 272 m 240 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 213 227 m 282 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 424 511 m 450 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 454 511 m 525 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 397 443 m 429 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 429 443 m 434 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 439 442 m 467 442 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 467 443 m 472 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 505 443 m 532 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 532 443 m 537 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 506 420 m 538 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 409 m 422 409 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 428 409 m 432 409 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 444 409 m 491 409 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 497 409 m 535 409 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 272 m 418 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 423 272 m 492 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 409 227 m 432 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 436 227 m 496 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 436 169 m 446 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 453 169 m 457 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 457 169 m 460 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 465 169 m 495 169 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 403 135 m 428 135 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 432 135 m 496 135 l S endstream endobj 447 0 obj 2444 endobj 448 0 obj << /Length 449 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 65 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 742 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 742 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 741 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 705 Tm (This argument misses the mark. The assertion that a) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 693 Tm (state statute dispenses with the requirement that an) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 682 Tm (injury be alleged does not, and cannot, abrogate) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 671 Tm (constitutional limitations imposed by Article III that a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 659 Tm (personal injury-in-fact is a prerequisite for standing) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 648 Tm (to sue in a federal court.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 648 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 648 Tm (Burford) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 648 Tm (v.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 648 Tm (Sun Oil) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 637 Tm (Co., 319 U.S. 315, 317 \(1943\)) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 636 Tm (\(holding that state) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 625 Tm (legislatures) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 625 Tm (may not expand the jurisdiction of the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 614 Tm (federal district courts\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 613 Tm (see also) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 613 Tm (Rifkin v. Bear Stearns) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 137 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 602 Tm (& Co.,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 602 Tm (Inc..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 602 Tm (248) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 602 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 602 Tm (628, 631 \(7th) Tj 1 0 0 1 211 602 Tm (Cir.2001\)) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 253 602 Tm (\(same\).) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 591 Tm (These constitutional limitations on standing cannot) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 579 Tm (be altered by either state or federal law.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 579 Tm (See) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 568 Tm (Gladstone, Realtors.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 568 Tm (441 U.S. at 100) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 568 Tm (\(holding that) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 557 Tm (Congress) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 557 Tm (may not abrogate the constitutional) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 545 Tm (li) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 545 Tm (mitations on standing\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 545 Tm (Watson v.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 545 Tm (TarRlev.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 545 Tm (59 U.S.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 534 Tm (517, 520 \(1855\)) Tj 1 0 0 1 139 534 Tm (\(holding that "[state] laws cannot) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 522 Tm (affect,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 522 Tm (either) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 522 Tm (by enlargement or diminution, the) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 511 Tm (jurisdiction of the courts of the United States as) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 500 Tm (vested and prescribed by the constitution and laws of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 488 Tm (the United States"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 488 Tm (see also) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 488 Tm (U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 488 Tm (Const. art. VI, cl. 2) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 477 Tm (\(Supremacy Clause\). Further, Plaintiffs cannot use) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 465 Tm (their standing to pursue one type of claim in a State) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 454 Tm (court in order to establish their standing to pursue all) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 443 Tm (of the claims asserted in the present case in a federal) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 431 Tm (court.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 431 Tm ("The plaintiffs) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 431 Tm (must establish the district) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 420 Tm (court's) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 420 Tm (jurisdiction) Tj 1 0 0 1 156 420 Tm (over) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 420 Tm (each) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 420 Tm (of their claims) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 408 Tm (independently; they are not permitted to use one) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 397 Tm (count of their complaint to establish federal subject) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 386 Tm (matter jurisdiction and a separate count to establish) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 375 Tm (standing.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 375 Tm (Rifkin,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 375 Tm (248) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 374 Tm (F.3d) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 374 Tm (at 634) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 375 Tm (.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 352 Tm (*26 Moreover, these injuries alleged in Plaintiffs') Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 340 Tm (status as consumers of Defendants do not establish a) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 329 Tm (legally cognizable injury.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 329 Tm (Aside from alleging a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 317 Tm (general state of confusion, the Plaintiffs fail to allege) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 306 Tm (any injury-in-fact that has come about as a result of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 294 Tm (that confusion. "The injury alleged must be ... distinct) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 283 Tm (and palpable, and not abstract or conjectural or) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 272 Tm (hypothetical.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 272 Tm (See) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 272 Tm (Allen,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 272 Tm (468 U.S. at 751) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 272 Tm (\(citations) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 260 Tm (omitted\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 260 Tm (Additionally, "in ruling on standing, it is) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 249 Tm (both appropriate and necessary to look to the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 238 Tm (substantive issues ... to determine whether there is a) Tj 36 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 227 Tm (l) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 227 Tm (ogical nexus between the status) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 227 Tm (asserted and the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 215 Tm (claim sought to be adjudicated.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 215 Tm (Flast) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 235 215 Tm (392 U.S. at) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 204 Tm (102. "Such inquiries into the nexus between the status) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 192 Tm (asserted by the litigant and the claim he presents are) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 181 Tm (essential to assure that he is a proper and appropriate) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 170 Tm (party to invoke federal judicial power." Id.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 147 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that "defendants are engaging in) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 136 Tm (continued) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 136 Tm (intentional) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 135 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 135 Tm (and) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 124 Tm (deceptive statements to the consuming public about) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 113 Tm (their roles in the enslavement of Africans. They are) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 102 Tm (unjustly enriched by these commercial acts and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 90 Tm (omissions...." SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 90 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 90 Tm (227. Plaintiffs fail to allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 704 Tm (that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 704 Tm (Defendants have any cognizable duty to reveal) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 693 Tm (any such information, nor do Plaintiffs allege any) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 682 Tm (concomitant right to obtain such information.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 670 Tm (Moreover, Plaintiffs make this conclusory statement) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 659 Tm (without any specific factual allegations in support of) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 648 Tm (it.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 648 Tm (Plaintiffs offer unsupported conclusions wrapped) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 636 Tm (in legally significant terms, such as "intentional) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 625 Tm (misrepresentation" and "unjust enrichment," which) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 613 Tm (are) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 613 Tm (insufficient) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 613 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 613 Tm (establish) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 613 Tm (standing.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 613 Tm ("The) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 602 Tm (requirements of Article III are not satisfied merely) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 590 Tm (because a party requests a court of the United States) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 579 Tm (to) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 579 Tm (declare its legal rights, and has couched that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 568 Tm (request for forms of relief historically associated with) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 556 Tm (courts of law in terms that have a familiar ring to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 545 Tm (those trained in the legal process.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 545 Tm (Valley Forge,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 545 Tm (454) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 534 Tm (U.S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 534 Tm (at) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 534 Tm (471.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 534 Tm (Again,) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 534 Tm (more than "unadorned) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 522 Tm (speculation" and conclusory allegations are required) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 511 Tm (to establish standing.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 511 Tm (See) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 511 Tm (Simon,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 511 Tm (426 U.S. at 43-44) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 511 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 488 Tm (\(d\).) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 488 Tm (Conclusion) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 63 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 752 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 752 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 533 752 Tm (0) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 465 Tm (In response to all these deficiencies, Plaintiffs argue) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 454 Tm (that " '[s]tanding can be supported by a very slender) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 443 Tm (reed of injury.' ") Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 397 443 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 443 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 439 442 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 443 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 443 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 443 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 532 443 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 431 Tm (Dismiss I, at 4 \(citing 13 Charles Allen Wright,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 420 Tm (Arthur R.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 420 Tm (Miller) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 420 Tm (& Edward H. Cooper,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 420 Tm (Federal) Tj 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (Practice and Procedure) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 409 Tm () Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 409 Tm (3531.4 \(2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 409 Tm (ed.1984\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 536 409 Tm (.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 397 Tm (Plaintiffs are correct that standing can be supported) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 386 Tm (by a very slender reed of injury, as the cases which) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 374 Tm (they cite provide. Yet, this "slender reed" must still) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 363 Tm (have its roots in the soil of an injury personal to the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 352 Tm (Plaintiffs, not a "derivative harm" uprooted from the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 340 Tm (soil of another's injury.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 317 Tm (Plaintiffs wish to litigate the issue of slavery without) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 306 Tm (establishing that they have suffered some concrete) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 294 Tm (and particularized injury as a result of the putatively) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 283 Tm (illegal conduct of the Defendants.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 283 Tm (See Valley Forge,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 272 Tm (454 U.S. at 472;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 272 Tm (Luian) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 272 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 272 Tm (.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 272 Tm (However,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 260 Tm ("[t]he) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 260 Tm (fundamental aspect of standing is that it) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 249 Tm (focuses on the party seeking to get his complaint) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 238 Tm (before a federal court and not on the issues he wishes) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 227 Tm (to have adjudicated.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 227 Tm (Flast,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 227 Tm (392 U.S. at 99) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 227 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 227 Tm ("In other) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 215 Tm (words, when standing is placed in issue in a case, the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 204 Tm (question is whether the person whose standing is) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 192 Tm (challenged is a proper party to request an) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 181 Tm (adjudication of a particular issue and not whether the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 169 Tm (issue itself is justiciable.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 169 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 169 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 169 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 169 Tm (99-100.) Tj 1 0 0 1 501 170 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 158 Tm (cannot satisfy the first and most basic requirement of) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (constitutional standing--a concrete and particularized) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 135 Tm (personal injury.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 135 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 403 135 Tm (Luian.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 135 Tm (504 U.S. at 560) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 497 136 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 136 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 124 Tm (cannot establish a personal injury sufficient to confer) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 113 Tm (standing) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 113 Tm (by) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 113 Tm (merely alleging some genealogical) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 102 Tm (relationship to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 102 Tm (African-Americans held in slavery) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 90 Tm (over one-hundred, two-hundred, or three-hundred) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 449 0 obj 13662 endobj 450 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 435 0 R /OP11Font1 436 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_19 433 0 R >> >> endobj 451 0 obj [ 446 0 R 448 0 R ] endobj 452 0 obj [ 437 0 R 438 0 R 439 0 R 440 0 R 441 0 R 442 0 R 443 0 R 444 0 R 445 0 R ] endobj 432 0 obj << /Annots 452 0 R /Contents 451 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 450 0 R /Thumb 433 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 454 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 455 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_20 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4]D)EDahf#:/DG3EѼ#0"!""1hqE;=QhGIWTF""""""3L0>#ф]QpDfh5":>":/":B# F#!)P DDDDFhdtGD:$t!R菘ÑDDE#%(e6R:#t]DDEl㈈Fy:#.Z.FC> QJKQShfld* a@(pBZ":0臜#:#DDDHDr?#r1G0eA+(tGDt]Q:b"#4m#*BuF&Dfh w+9P]9n]GLeEDDDDDDfh#H6'4Fc>t]DDDD! RDtNIDDDDDO) ˢCDt]菑q#:aaQ#GbGF4dtGGniR0/Mhr:0D]dtmDDA, "#!3^3HDt @цa""""!dHF|":6ETa"s/f.#.!]#?m莢""""GB"6Q8Dt!0EѾ"""-&"34mD|D|8莋t]"""""""#vqѼ endstream endobj 455 0 obj 744 endobj 456 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 457 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 458 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 459 0 obj << /Length 460 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 254 443 m 280 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 431 m 78 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 88 431 m 105 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 431 m 122 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 131 432 m 145 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 352 m 148 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 154 352 m 238 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 283 m 90 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 283 m 172 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 170 261 m 240 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 245 261 m 281 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 74 249 m 81 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 85 249 m 128 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 232 204 m 281 204 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 192 m 87 192 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 91 192 m 209 192 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 216 193 m 242 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 193 m 282 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 181 m 72 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 78 181 m 92 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 385 660 m 453 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 458 660 m 535 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 649 m 343 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 648 m 391 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 649 m 480 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 384 591 m 410 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 419 592 m 534 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 580 m 374 580 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 380 580 m 507 580 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 495 547 m 534 547 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 535 m 332 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 342 534 m 360 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 371 535 m 378 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 389 535 m 402 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 500 m 346 500 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 501 m 437 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 466 m 429 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 433 466 m 500 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 455 m 381 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 385 455 m 492 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 465 432 m 497 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 433 m 535 433 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 465 421 m 508 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 444 341 m 483 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 342 m 536 342 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 492 274 m 535 274 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 261 m 340 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 344 262 m 472 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 482 205 m 536 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 193 m 358 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 193 m 473 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 171 m 536 171 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 159 m 376 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 380 159 m 484 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 394 137 m 473 137 l S endstream endobj 460 0 obj 2733 endobj 461 0 obj << /Length 462 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 62 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 741 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 705 Tm (years ago. In attempting to litigate the unopposed) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 694 Tm (issue of slavery rather than their personal injuries,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 682 Tm (Plaintiffs also cannot satisfy the second requirement) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 671 Tm (of constitutional standing--injury that is fairly) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 660 Tm (traceable to the conduct of the defendants.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 660 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 648 Tm (Plaintiffs do not allege that they had any present) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 637 Tm (property interest that was injured as a result of these) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 625 Tm (specific) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 625 Tm (Defendants' actions, nor that any action of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 614 Tm (the Defendants wronged them in any way that would) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 602 Tm (be cognizable under tort theory. Plaintiffs fail to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 591 Tm (allege any conduct by the seventeen specifically) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 579 Tm (named Defendants that individually affected any of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (the Plaintiffs.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 546 Tm (*27 In sum, the allegations of Plaintiffs' Complaint) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 534 Tm (fail to support their standing to maintain this suit, as) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 522 Tm (required) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 522 Tm (by) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 523 Tm (Article) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 523 Tm (III) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 523 Tm (of the United States) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 511 Tm (Constitution.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 488 Tm (\(2\).) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 488 Tm (Prudential) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 488 Tm (Limitations) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 488 Tm (on Standing) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 465 Tm (Beyond the constitutional limitations on the standing) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 454 Tm (doctrine, there are prudential limitations on the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 443 Tm (exercise of federal court jurisdiction.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 443 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 443 Tm (Warth,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 431 Tm (422) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 431 Tm (U.S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 431 Tm (at) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 432 Tm (498) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 432 Tm (.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 432 Tm (These additional prudential) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 420 Tm (li) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 420 Tm (mitations on standing may exist even though the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 409 Tm (Article) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 409 Tm (III) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 409 Tm (requirements) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 409 Tm (are) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 409 Tm (met because "the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 397 Tm (judiciary seeks to avoid deciding questions of broad) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 386 Tm (social import where no individual rights would be) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 375 Tm (vindicated and to limit access to the federal courts to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 363 Tm (those litigants best suited to assert a particular claim.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 352 Tm (Gladstone, Realtors,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 352 Tm (441 U.S. at 99-100) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 352 Tm (.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 352 Tm (Like the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 340 Tm (constitutional limitations on the standing doctrine,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 329 Tm (these prudential limitations ensure that federal courts) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 318 Tm (adhere to the separation of powers concept and are) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 306 Tm ("founded in concern about the proper, and properly) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 294 Tm (li) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 295 Tm (mited, role of the courts in a democratic society.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 283 Tm (Warth.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 283 Tm (422 U.S. at 498) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 283 Tm (.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 284 Tm (However, "unlike their) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 272 Tm (constitutional counterparts, they can be modified or) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 261 Tm (abrogated by Congress.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 261 Tm (Bennett v. Spear,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 261 Tm (520 U.S.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 249 Tm (15) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 249 Tm (4,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 249 Tm (162 \(1997\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 249 Tm (.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 227 Tm (One of these prudential limits on standing is that a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 215 Tm (litigant) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 215 Tm (must normally assert his own legal interests) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 204 Tm (rather than those of third parties.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 204 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 204 Tm (Singleton v.) Tj /OP11Font0 9 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 192 Tm (Wulff,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 192 Tm (428 U.S. 106, 113-14 \(1976\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 192 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 193 Tm (Warth.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 193 Tm (422 U.S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 181 Tm (at) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 181 Tm (499) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 181 Tm (.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 181 Tm (Another is that the federal courts should) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 170 Tm ("refrain[ J from adjudicating 'abstract questions of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 158 Tm (wide) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 158 Tm (public) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 158 Tm (significance') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 159 Tm (which) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 159 Tm (amount to) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 147 Tm (') Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 147 Tm (generalized grievances,' pervasively shared and most) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 136 Tm (appropriately) Tj 1 0 0 1 131 136 Tm (addressed) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 136 Tm (in) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 136 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 136 Tm (representative) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 124 Tm (branches.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 124 Tm (Valley) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 124 Tm (Forge,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 125 Tm (454 U.S. at 475 \(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 113 Tm (Warth,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 113 Tm (422 U.S. at 499-500) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 90 Tm (\(a\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 90 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 90 Tm (Impermissibly Attempt to) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 90 Tm (Assert the) Tj 1 0 0 1 316 705 Tm (Legal Rights of Absent Third Parties) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 64 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 754 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 754 Tm (2) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 754 Tm (1) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 683 Tm (As a general rule, a litigant must assert his own legal) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 672 Tm (rights and cannot assert the legal rights of a third-) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 660 Tm (party.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 660 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 660 Tm (Powers v. Ohio.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 458 660 Tm (499 U.S. 400, 410) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 649 Tm (1\(991\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 649 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 648 Tm (Singleton,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 649 Tm (428 U.S. at 113-14) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 649 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 649 Tm (However, a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 637 Tm (litigant) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 637 Tm (may assert the rights of absent third-parties in) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 626 Tm (certain limited situations. In determining whether a) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 614 Tm (litigant) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 615 Tm (who seeks standing to assert the legal rights) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 603 Tm (of a third-party may do so, a two-part inquiry is) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 591 Tm (involved.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 591 Tm (See) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 591 Tm (Caplin) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 592 Tm (& Drysdale, Chartered v.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 580 Tm (United States.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 580 Tm (491 U.S. 617, 623 n.3 \(1989\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 581 Tm (.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 581 Tm (First,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 569 Tm (the litigant) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 569 Tm (must have personally suffered some) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 558 Tm (injury-in-fact adequate to satisfy Article III's case or) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 546 Tm (controversy requirement.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 546 Tm (See id.; see also) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 547 Tm (Singleton,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 535 Tm (428) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 534 Tm (U.S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 535 Tm (at) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 535 Tm (112) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 535 Tm (.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 535 Tm (Second,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 535 Tm (certain) Tj 1 0 0 1 495 535 Tm (prudential) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 523 Tm (considerations must point in favor of permitting the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 512 Tm (litigant to assert the third-party's legal rights.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 512 Tm (See) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 500 Tm (Caplin,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 501 Tm (491 U.S. at 623 n.3) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 501 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 501 Tm (Among the prudential) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 489 Tm (considerations to consider are the requirements that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 478 Tm (the litigant must have a legally sufficient relation to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 466 Tm (the third-party,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 381 466 Tm (see) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 466 Tm (Powers,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 466 Tm (499 U.S. at 411;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 467 Tm (see also) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 455 Tm (Craig v. Boren,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 455 Tm (429 U.S. 190, 196 \(1976\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 455 Tm (,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 455 Tm (and there) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 444 Tm (must exist some hindrance to the third-party's ability) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (to protect his or her own rights.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 432 Tm (See) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 432 Tm (Powers.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 433 Tm (499 U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 421 Tm (at 411;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 421 Tm (see also Singleton,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 421 Tm (428 U.S.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 421 Tm (at 115-116) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 421 Tm (.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 398 Tm (*28 To the extent that Plaintiffs are attempting to) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 387 Tm (assert the legal rights of their ancestors, Plaintiffs) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 376 Tm (cannot do so because they themselves have failed to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 364 Tm (establish that they have personally suffered some) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 353 Tm (injury-in-fact adequate to satisfy Article III's case-or-) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 341 Tm (controversy requirement.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 341 Tm (See) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 341 Tm (Singleton,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 342 Tm (428 U.S. at) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 330 Tm (112. In addition, prudential considerations militate) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 318 Tm (against allowing such claims. First, Plaintiffs have) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 307 Tm (not alleged a legally sufficient relation to their) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 295 Tm (ancestors.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 296 Tm (All that Plaintiffs allege is a genealogical) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 284 Tm (relationship, and more is required under the law in) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 273 Tm (order to confer third-party standing.) Tj /OP11Font0 9 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 273 Tm (Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 274 Tm (Gilmore v.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 261 Tm (Utah.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 262 Tm (429 U.S. 1012, 1016-17 \(1976\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 262 Tm (\(indicating that) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 250 Tm (a) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 251 Tm (mother had no standing to contest her son's) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 239 Tm (execution\).) Tj 1 0 0 1 370 239 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 239 Tm (make no allegations of any) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 228 Tm (relationship sufficient,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 228 Tm (whether by common law or) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (statute, to confer them standing to pursue the claims) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 205 Tm (of their deceased ancestors.) Tj /OP11Font0 9 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 460 205 Tm (Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 205 Tm (Whitmore v.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 193 Tm (Arkansas,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 193 Tm (495 U.S. 149, 163 \(1990\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 194 Tm (\(recognizing a) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (next-friend's standing to sue in certain situations\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 171 Tm (United Food & Comm. Workers Union Local 751 v.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (Brown Group.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 159 Tm (517 U.S. 544,558 \(1996\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 160 Tm (\(recognizing) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 148 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 148 Tm (Worker) Tj 1 0 0 1 411 148 Tm (Adjustment) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 148 Tm (and) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 149 Tm (Retraining) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 136 Tm (Notification Act,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 137 Tm (29 U.S.C. & 2101) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 137 Tm (et seq., grants) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 126 Tm (unions standing to sue on behalf of its members\).) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 114 Tm (Furthermore, Plaintiffs do not allege that they are) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 103 Tm (assignees of a legally cognizable claim against the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 91 Tm (named Defendants. Second, Plaintiffs have not) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 462 0 obj 14250 endobj 463 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 456 0 R /OP11Font1 457 0 R /OP11Font2 458 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_20 454 0 R >> >> endobj 464 0 obj [ 459 0 R 461 0 R ] endobj 465 0 obj [ ] endobj 453 0 obj << /Annots 465 0 R /Contents 464 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 463 0 R /Thumb 454 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 467 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 468 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_21 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream U(CeT9C""#]GtmZ$Q]GB?u,L"R<莈DDDDFCE㈎]њ(MqDDDEjKP蹜A Adt]P@DDb#%tqtGSDG"] Du2xuS5UG$tG莌8""XQFS:.?DE$2|?Et]F#:P BAў]DtmFt]PB,DDS#_5:!NGDtGG\t_#>aQS6莌<#Ȏ#:!t""""fˢ:#菗ˣ]ex">agpAʀ53F:#.MGˆADDDD"#3F:#|/?F8B"""tGH N>]Dt^#X$&"($D|DDDRFH莋Ⱥ#Dz;1t"0B)QP3ȾGD|8qDtmF endstream endobj 468 0 obj 749 endobj 469 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 470 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 471 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 472 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 127 373 160 384 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 473 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 161 373 165 381 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 474 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 247 373 276 384 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 475 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 276 373 281 382 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 476 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://I.N.S.v.Chadha.462) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 445 384 449 395 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 477 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://I.N.S.v.Chadha.462) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 450 384 477 395 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 478 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://I.N.S.v.Chadha.462) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 483 384 516 395 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 479 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://I.N.S.v.Chadha.462) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 521 384 531 395 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 480 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://I.N.S.v.Chadha.462) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 531 384 536 395 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 481 0 obj << /Length 482 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 683 m 198 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 204 683 m 213 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 217 683 m 236 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 683 m 280 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 672 m 77 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 88 671 m 90 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 91 671 m 133 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 176 671 m 191 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 201 671 m 218 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 229 671 m 280 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 127 375 m 160 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 161 375 m 165 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 247 375 m 276 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 276 375 m 281 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 238 m 280 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 227 m 173 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 240 193 m 282 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 181 m 131 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 134 181 m 227 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 244 147 m 281 147 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 136 m 167 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 705 m 534 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 694 m 355 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 360 694 m 375 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 378 694 m 397 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 401 694 m 467 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 470 694 m 509 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 337 625 m 404 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 410 625 m 469 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 475 625 m 535 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 614 m 382 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 469 546 m 494 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 500 546 m 535 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 535 m 345 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 383 534 m 458 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 462 535 m 477 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 480 535 m 498 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 535 m 535 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 523 m 333 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 337 523 m 375 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 382 523 m 405 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 409 523 m 415 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 420 523 m 445 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 450 523 m 465 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 468 523 m 486 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 491 523 m 535 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 511 m 333 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 337 511 m 375 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 383 512 m 456 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 460 512 m 475 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 479 512 m 497 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 502 512 m 507 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 512 512 m 536 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 466 m 376 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 380 466 m 395 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 398 466 m 416 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 420 466 m 452 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 492 466 m 517 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 466 m 535 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 511 409 m 535 409 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 398 m 472 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 398 m 495 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 499 398 m 535 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 386 m 399 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 445 386 m 449 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 450 386 m 477 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 483 386 m 516 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 521 386 m 531 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 531 387 m 536 387 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 375 m 405 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 295 m 420 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 427 295 m 497 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 284 m 394 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 398 284 m 519 284 l S endstream endobj 482 0 obj 3692 endobj 483 0 obj << /Length 484 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 742 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 742 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 705 Tm (alleged that any hindrance existed to their ancestors') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 694 Tm (ability to have protected their own rights over the last) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 683 Tm (century.) Tj 79 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 682 Tm (Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 683 Tm (Johnson v. McAdoo,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 683 Tm (45) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 683 Tm (App.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 683 Tm (D.C. 440,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 672 Tm (441) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 671 Tm (\() Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 671 Tm (D.C.1916\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 671 Tm (,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 671 Tm (affd,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 671 Tm (244) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 671 Tm (U.S.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 671 Tm (643 \(1917\)) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 660 Tm (\(evidencing a claim for slavery-based reparations) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 648 Tm (nearly a century ago\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 625 Tm (In sum, Plaintiffs have not established third-party) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 614 Tm (standing to assert the legal rights of their ancestors.) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 591 Tm (\(b\).) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 591 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 591 Tm (Impermissibly Attempt to Litigate a) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 580 Tm (Generalized Grievance Which is Best Addressed) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 272 580 Tm (in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (the Representative Branches) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 546 Tm (As currently framed, Plaintiffs' Complaint seeks to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 534 Tm (litigate a generalized grievance over one of the most) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 523 Tm (horrific chapters of our Nation's history rather than a) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 511 Tm (personal dispute, which the federal courts are able to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 500 Tm (adjudicate. For the reasons stated in the following) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 489 Tm (section, such an "abstract question[ ] of wide public) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 477 Tm (significance" should be left to the representative) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 466 Tm (branches of our system of government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 466 Tm (See Valley) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 454 Tm (Forge,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 454 Tm (454 U.S. at 475.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 432 Tm (2.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 432 Tm (The Political) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 432 Tm (Question) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 432 Tm (Doctrine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 409 Tm (Defendants also argue that the court should dismiss) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 398 Tm (Plaintiffs' Complaint because the issue of reparations) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 386 Tm (to former slaves presents a non justiciable political) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 375 Tm (question.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 375 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 375 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 375 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 375 Tm (Supp. of Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 375 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 375 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 364 Tm (Dismiss II, at 3. Although the court has dispositively) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 352 Tm (determined that Plaintiffs lack standing to bring the) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 341 Tm (claims raised in their Complaint, with an abundance) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 329 Tm (of caution, the court will next determine whether the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 318 Tm (political question doctrine provides an independent) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 307 Tm (basis for dismissal.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 283 Tm (a.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 283 Tm (Overview of the) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 283 Tm (Political) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 283 Tm (Question Doctrine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 261 Tm (*29 It is well-established that the federal courts will) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 250 Tm (not adjudicate questions that fall within the purview) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 238 Tm (of the political question doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 238 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 238 Tm (Baker v. Carr,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 227 Tm (369 U.S. 186, 210 \(1962\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 227 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 227 Tm (Like standing, mootness) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 216 Tm (and ripeness, the political question doctrine is a) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 204 Tm (justiciability limitation) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 204 Tm (with its prudential roots) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 193 Tm (dating back to the 18th century.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 193 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 193 Tm (Hayburn's) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 181 Tm (Case, 2 U S. \(2) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 181 Tm (Dall.\) 408, 410 \(1792\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 182 Tm (\(invalidating) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 170 Tm (a statute authorizing the Executive branch to accept) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 159 Tm (or reject federal court determinations of pension) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 147 Tm (eligibility for Revolutionary War veterans\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 147 Tm (Marburv.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 136 Tm (5 U.S. \(1 Cranch\) at 170) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 136 Tm (\("Questions, in their nature) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 125 Tm (political, or which are, by the constitution and laws,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 113 Tm (submitted to the executive, can never be made in this) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 102 Tm (court."\).) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 102 Tm (The political question doctrine restricts) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 90 Tm (judicial) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 90 Tm (review that) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 90 Tm (might interfere) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 91 Tm (with other) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 64 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 753 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 531 753 Tm (2) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 705 Tm (branches of the federal government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 705 Tm (See) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 705 Tm (McIntyre v.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 694 Tm (Fallahay,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 694 Tm (766) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 694 Tm (F.2d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 694 Tm (1078, 1081 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 694 Tm (Cir.1985\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 694 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 694 Tm (Even) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 683 Tm (in cases where the federal court has subject matter) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 671 Tm (jurisdiction, it could choose not to exercise its) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 660 Tm (jurisdiction) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 660 Tm (to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 660 Tm (avoid interfering) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 660 Tm (with) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 660 Tm (decisions) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 648 Tm (previously) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 648 Tm (made by the Executive or Legislative) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 637 Tm (branches \(hereinafter the "Representative Branches"\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 625 Tm (See) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 625 Tm (United States v.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 625 Tm (Munoz-Flores,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 625 Tm (495 U.S. 385,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 614 Tm (393-94 \(1990\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 614 Tm (.) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 614 Tm (When the court reaches this) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 603 Tm (conclusion, the question becomes non justiciable--) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 591 Tm (meaning not appropriate for judicial review. The non-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 580 Tm (justiciability of a political question is based primarily) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 569 Tm (on the constitutional principle of separation of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 557 Tm (powers inherent in the text of the Constitution and the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 546 Tm (policy of judicial self-restraint.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 546 Tm (See) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 546 Tm (Baker.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 546 Tm (369 U.S.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 535 Tm (at 210;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 534 Tm (see also) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 534 Tm (Kashani v. Nelson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 535 Tm (793) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 535 Tm (F.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 535 Tm (818, 827) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 523 Tm (\(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 523 Tm (Cir.1986\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 523 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 523 Tm (Flynn) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 523 Tm (v.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 523 Tm (Shultz,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 523 Tm (748) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 523 Tm (F.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 491 523 Tm (1186, 1189) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 511 Tm (\(7th) Tj 1 0 0 1 337 511 Tm (Cir.1984\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 511 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 512 Tm (Calvin v. Conlisk,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 460 512 Tm (520) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 512 Tm (F.2d) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 512 Tm (1,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 512 Tm (5 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 500 Tm (Cir.1975) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 500 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 500 Tm (Although the political question doctrine is) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 489 Tm (just one aspect of a broader justiciability issue, it has) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 477 Tm (been "applied in cases involving extremely diverse) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 466 Tm (issues.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 466 Tm (Flynn,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 466 Tm (748) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 466 Tm (F.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 466 Tm (at 1189;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 466 Tm (see also) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 466 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 521 466 Tm (369) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 454 Tm (U.S. at 211-18.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 432 Tm (However, not all issues having political implications) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 421 Tm (or significant political overtones are non-justiciable) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (under the political question doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 491 409 Tm (See) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 511 409 Tm (Japan) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 398 Tm (Whaling Assn v. American Cetacean) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 398 Tm (Soc..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 398 Tm (478 U.S.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 386 Tm (221, 229-30 \(1986\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 386 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 386 Tm (see also) Tj 0 0 1 rg 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 386 Tm (I.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 386 Tm (N.S. v.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 386 Tm (Chadha.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 386 Tm (46) Tj 1 0 0 1 531 387 Tm (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 375 Tm (U.S. 919, 921 \(1983\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 375 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 375 Tm (Rather the Supreme Court has) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 364 Tm (said that " '[i]n determining whether a question falls) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 352 Tm (within) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 352 Tm (\(the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 352 Tm (political) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 352 Tm (question\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 352 Tm (category,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 352 Tm (the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 341 Tm (appropriateness under our system of government of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 329 Tm (attributing) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 329 Tm (finality to the action of the political) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 318 Tm (departments and also the lack of satisfactory criteria) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 306 Tm (for) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 306 Tm (a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 306 Tm (judicial) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 307 Tm (determination) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 307 Tm (are) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 307 Tm (dominant) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 295 Tm (considerations.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 295 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 295 Tm (369 U.S. at 210) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 296 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 284 Tm (Coleman v. Miller,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 284 Tm (307 U.S. 433, 454-55 \(1939\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 284 Tm (.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 284 Tm (To) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 272 Tm (further) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 273 Tm (frame the issue, the Supreme Court has) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 261 Tm (identified at least six factors) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 261 Tm (\("Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 261 Tm (factors"\) the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 250 Tm (court should consider to determine whether a matter) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 238 Tm (raises a non-justiciable political question, including:) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 227 Tm (*30 [1] a textually demonstrable constitutional) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 216 Tm (commitment of the issue to a coordinate political) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 204 Tm (department; or [2] a lack of judicially discoverable) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 193 Tm (and manageable standards for resolving it; or [3]) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 182 Tm (the impossibility of deciding without an initial) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 170 Tm (policy) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 170 Tm (determination) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 170 Tm (of) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 170 Tm (a) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 170 Tm (kind) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 170 Tm (clearly) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 171 Tm (for) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 159 Tm (nonjudicial discretion; or [4] the impossibility of a) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 148 Tm (court's undertaking independent resolution without) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 136 Tm (expressing lack of the respect due coordinate) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 125 Tm (branches of government; or [5] an unusual need for) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 114 Tm (unquestioning adherence to a political decision) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 102 Tm (already) Tj 1 0 0 1 369 102 Tm (made;) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 102 Tm (or) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 102 Tm ([6]) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 102 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 102 Tm (potentiality) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 102 Tm (of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 91 Tm (embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 484 0 obj 14547 endobj 485 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 469 0 R /OP11Font1 470 0 R /OP11Font2 471 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_21 467 0 R >> >> endobj 486 0 obj [ 481 0 R 483 0 R ] endobj 487 0 obj [ 472 0 R 473 0 R 474 0 R 475 0 R 476 0 R 477 0 R 478 0 R 479 0 R 480 0 R ] endobj 466 0 obj << /Annots 487 0 R /Contents 486 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 485 0 R /Thumb 467 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 489 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 490 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_22 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream FiD|0#R8ͣ B q"">~#|a Dt" CtQF0#.D!B4s$":N""8Ka:6fG!_>aњPEV"#3Dx#|#,!$ @Gb>]F莋:}`$B.w 8Cb""-DfmF/¤""""$u#GFuP:H )ƁXhP"#F_4("!:4Ѣ8 "CG@Re:0.膈̺E8 # h """""# jSF":#@DxG.莋taQKz."""",mA DDFR3FфL(B#u!E@Έ.Z DF""#3\]D|ј#8ЈDG JfȎ">tNф$uG.莎":6:.dtG:H+R: A`tqEta"9D|DYAWb,"B#h8g#"! ""#400"DDDDDDrѸ#y endstream endobj 490 0 obj 678 endobj 491 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 492 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 493 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 494 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 215 214 243 225 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 495 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 244 214 249 223 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 496 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 252 212 277 225 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 497 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 277 214 282 223 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 498 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 84 191 114 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 499 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 114 191 119 200 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 500 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 122 189 148 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 501 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 148 191 153 200 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 502 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 183 191 208 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 503 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 208 191 213 200 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 504 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 184 123 213 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 505 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 214 123 218 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 506 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 222 121 247 134 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 507 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 247 123 252 132 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 508 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 65 112 90 123 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 509 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 90 112 95 121 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 510 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://invoked.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 355 259 413 271 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 511 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://invoked.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 414 259 416 269 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 512 0 obj << /Length 513 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 69 695 m 94 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 99 695 m 166 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 206 695 m 241 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 695 m 260 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 264 695 m 282 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 684 m 89 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 82 626 m 140 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 146 626 m 231 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 236 626 m 261 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 267 626 m 281 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 183 455 m 260 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 267 455 m 281 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 444 m 81 444 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 92 444 m 109 444 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 119 444 m 170 444 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 140 330 m 162 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 166 330 m 234 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 215 216 m 243 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 244 216 m 249 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 252 216 m 277 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 277 216 m 282 216 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 84 194 m 114 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 114 194 m 119 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 122 193 m 148 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 148 193 m 153 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 183 193 m 208 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 208 193 m 213 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 152 125 m 180 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 184 125 m 213 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 214 125 m 218 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 222 125 m 247 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 247 125 m 252 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 65 114 m 90 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 90 114 m 95 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 660 m 469 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 660 m 490 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 496 660 m 514 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 519 660 m 537 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 649 m 333 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 338 649 m 399 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 407 649 m 537 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 637 m 429 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 436 637 m 450 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 454 637 m 496 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 500 637 m 536 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 626 m 371 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 382 626 m 518 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 527 626 m 536 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 614 m 359 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 614 m 400 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 404 614 m 456 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 464 615 m 535 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 603 m 352 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 364 603 m 379 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 393 603 m 402 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 414 603 m 456 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 468 603 m 485 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 497 603 m 515 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 527 603 m 536 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 354 569 m 379 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 386 558 m 462 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 466 558 m 476 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 479 558 m 497 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 558 m 536 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 354 467 m 373 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 377 467 m 402 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 355 262 m 413 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 414 262 m 416 262 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 457 148 m 516 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 148 m 537 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 137 m 365 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 91 m 346 91 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 91 m 420 91 l S endstream endobj 513 0 obj 3632 endobj 514 0 obj << /Length 515 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 64 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 706 Tm (by various departments on one question.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 695 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 695 Tm (369 U.S. at 217;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 695 Tm (see also) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 695 Tm (Kashani,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 695 Tm (793) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 695 Tm (F.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 684 Tm (at 827) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 684 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 684 Tm (When any one of the foregoing) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 227 683 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 255 683 Tm (factors) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 672 Tm (is) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 672 Tm (i) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 672 Tm (mplicated,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 672 Tm (the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 672 Tm (court) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 672 Tm (should) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 225 672 Tm (refrain) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 672 Tm (from) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 660 Tm (adjudicating) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 660 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 660 Tm (issue) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 660 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 660 Tm (prevent) Tj 1 0 0 1 231 660 Tm (unwarranted) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 649 Tm (interference) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 649 Tm (with decisions properly made by the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 637 Tm (Representative Branches of the federal government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 626 Tm (See) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 626 Tm (Munoz-Flores,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 626 Tm (495 U.S. at 393-94;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 626 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 267 626 Tm (369) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 615 Tm (U.S. at 217.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 592 Tm (Following) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 592 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 150 592 Tm (the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 592 Tm (Supreme Court "has not) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 581 Tm (retreated) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 581 Tm (from) Tj 1 0 0 1 143 581 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 581 Tm (analytical) Tj 1 0 0 1 220 581 Tm (framework) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 580 Tm (it) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 569 Tm (established.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 569 Tm (Alperin v. Vatican Bank,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 569 Tm (405) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 569 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 569 Tm (727,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 558 Tm (739 \(9th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 558 Tm (Cir.2005\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 558 Tm (\(holding that dismissal of victims) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 546 Tm (of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 547 Tm (World) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 546 Tm (War II war crimes Complaint was not) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 535 Tm (warranted because the court could resolve property) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 524 Tm (claims without expressing lack of respect for federal) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 512 Tm (government's) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 512 Tm (political) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 512 Tm (branches\).) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 512 Tm (Other) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 257 512 Tm (recent) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 501 Tm (decisions have elaborated on the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 501 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 501 Tm (criteria. Last) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 489 Tm (Term, the Supreme Court revisited the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 489 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 478 Tm (decision, stating that the factors enumerated in that) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 467 Tm (case are "probably listed in descending order of both) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 456 Tm (i) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 455 Tm (mportance and certainty.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 455 Tm (Vieth v. Jubelirer,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 267 455 Tm (541) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 444 Tm (U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 444 Tm (267,) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 444 Tm (278 \(2004\)) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 444 Tm (\(holding that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 444 Tm (political) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 432 Tm (gerrymandering claims are nonjusticiable\).) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 261 432 Tm (After) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 421 Tm (Vieth,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 421 Tm (courts have taken a "slightly different approach) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 410 Tm (to interpreting the phrase 'judicially discoverable and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 398 Tm (manageable standards.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 398 Tm (Alperin,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 398 Tm (405) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 398 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 253 398 Tm (at 747.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 387 Tm ("Instead of focusing on the logistical obstacles, we) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 375 Tm (ask whether the courts are capable of granting relief) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 364 Tm (in a reasoned fashion or, on the other hand, whether) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 353 Tm (allowing the ...) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 353 Tm ([c]laims) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 353 Tm (to go forward would merely) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 341 Tm (provide 'hope' without a substantive legal basis for a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 330 Tm (ruling." Id. \(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 330 Tm (Vieth,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 330 Tm (541 U.S. at 304\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 307 Tm (b.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 307 Tm (Application of the Political Question) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 307 Tm (Doctrine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 284 Tm (Before determining whether any of the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 284 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 255 284 Tm (factors) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 273 Tm (require) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 273 Tm (dismissal) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 273 Tm (under the political question) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 262 Tm (doctrine, the court must first decide the applicability) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 250 Tm (of the political question doctrine based on the nature) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 239 Tm (of Plaintiffs' claims. Plaintiffs argue that the political) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (question doctrine is inapplicable here because their) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 216 Tm (claims are) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 216 Tm (private,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 143 216 Tm (not) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 158 216 Tm (political. See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 216 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 216 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 216 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 216 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 205 Tm (Defs .'Mot. to Dismiss I, at 25 \(emphasis added\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 205 Tm (see) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 194 Tm (also) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 194 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 194 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 193 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 193 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 193 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 193 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 193 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 194 Tm (Dismiss II, at 4.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 182 Tm (Specifically, Plaintiffs assert that the doctrine does) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 171 Tm (not apply because their "claims are brought by) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 160 Tm (private individuals against private corporations for) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 148 Tm (both tort and property harms that were occasioned by) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 137 Tm (defendants' particular acts of years past, as well as) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 125 Tm (their acts of today.") Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 125 Tm (fFN261) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 125 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 125 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 125 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 125 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 255 125 Tm (Defs.'s) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 114 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 114 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 114 Tm (Dismiss I, at 25. The court rejects Plaintiffs') Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 103 Tm (argument for two reasons. First, there are numerous) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 91 Tm (cases where the federal courts have dismissed claims) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 65 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 1 0 0 1 504 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 753 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 532 753 Tm (3) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 706 Tm (by private plaintiffs against private defendants on the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 695 Tm (basis of the political question doctrine. The majority) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 683 Tm (of these cases arise in the context of reparations) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 672 Tm (claims arising out of World War II.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 672 Tm (See,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 672 Tm (e.g.,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 660 Tm (Kelberine v. Societe Internationale,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 660 Tm (363) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 660 Tm (F.2d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 660 Tm (989,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 649 Tm (995) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 649 Tm (\(D.C.Cir.1966\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 649 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 649 Tm (In re Nazi Era Cases Against) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 637 Tm (German Defendants Litig.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 637 Tm (129) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 637 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 1 0 0 1 500 637 Tm (370, 382) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 626 Tm (\(D.N.J.2001\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 626 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 626 Tm (Iwanowa v. Ford Motor Co..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 626 Tm (67) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 614 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 614 Tm (424, 489) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 614 Tm (\(D.N.J.1999\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 614 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 615 Tm (Burger-Fischer v.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 603 Tm (Degussa) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 603 Tm (AG.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 603 Tm (65) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 603 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 603 Tm (248,) Tj 1 0 0 1 497 603 Tm (282-) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 603 Tm (85) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 592 Tm (\(D.N.J.1999\).) Tj 1 0 0 1 354 569 Tm (FN26.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 569 Tm (In support of their position, Plaintiffs) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 558 Tm (rely on) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 558 Tm (Kadic v. Karadzic,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 466 558 Tm (70) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 558 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 558 Tm (232 \(2nd) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 546 Tm (Cir.1995) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 546 Tm (,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 546 Tm (a) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 546 Tm (case) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 547 Tm (which) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 491 546 Tm (is) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 546 Tm (clearly) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 535 Tm (distinguishable) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 535 Tm (from the present case. In) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 523 Tm (Kadic,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 390 523 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 523 Tm (Second) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 523 Tm (Circuit) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 523 Tm (declined to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 512 Tm (dismiss the plaintiffs' claims under the Alien) Tj 1 0 0 1 354 501 Tm (Tort Claims Act alleging gross human rights) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 489 Tm (abuses against a Bosnian Serb leader on the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 478 Tm (basis of the political question doctrine. 70) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 467 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 467 Tm (at 250) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 467 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 467 Tm (The) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 467 Tm (Kadic) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 467 Tm (court cautioned that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 455 Tm ("judges should not reflexively invoke these) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 444 Tm (doctrines to avoid difficult and somewhat) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 432 Tm (sensitive) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 432 Tm (decisions ...") Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 432 Tm (and added that) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 421 Tm ("[a]lthough these cases present issues that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 410 Tm (arise in a politically charged context, that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 398 Tm (does not transform them into cases involving) Tj 1 0 0 1 355 387 Tm (non) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 387 Tm (justiciable) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 387 Tm (political) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 387 Tm (questions." Id.) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 387 Tm (at) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 376 Tm (249. However, in reaching its decision, the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 364 Tm (Kadic) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 364 Tm (court stated that it did not have to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 353 Tm (decide) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 353 Tm (the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 353 Tm (issue) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 353 Tm (of) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 353 Tm (whether judicial) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 342 Tm (involvement would interfere with actions of) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 330 Tm (other branches of the federal government) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 319 Tm (because the court obtained a " 'Statement of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 307 Tm (Interest') Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 307 Tm (") Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 307 Tm (signed by both the Solicitor) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 296 Tm (General and the State Department's Legal) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 285 Tm (Advisor expressly disclaiming any concern) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 273 Tm (that the political question doctrine should be) Tj 0 0 1 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 262 Tm (invoked. Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 262 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 262 Tm (250. No such "Statement of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 251 Tm (Interest" has been or could be sought in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 239 Tm (present case.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 216 Tm (*31 Second, although Plaintiffs couch their claims as) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 205 Tm (tort) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 205 Tm (or) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 205 Tm (property) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 386 205 Tm (claims for acts committed by) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 205 Tm (private) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 194 Tm (corporate defendants, this alone does not preclude the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (application of the political question doctrine. The) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 171 Tm (Supreme Court has stated that the identity of the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 160 Tm (litigants is immaterial to the questions raised by the) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (political question doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 148 Tm (See) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 148 Tm (Munoz-Flores,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 148 Tm (495) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 137 Tm (U.S. at 394) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 137 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 137 Tm (Additionally, when determining whether) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 126 Tm (the political question doctrine applies, the court must) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 114 Tm (look to the nature of the underlying litigation, not the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 103 Tm (specific claims enumerated in the complaint.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 103 Tm (See) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 91 Tm (Renne.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 91 Tm (501 U.S. at 316) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 91 Tm (\(to determine justiciability,) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 515 0 obj 15823 endobj 516 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 491 0 R /OP11Font1 492 0 R /OP11Font2 493 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_22 489 0 R >> >> endobj 517 0 obj [ 512 0 R 514 0 R ] endobj 518 0 obj [ 494 0 R 495 0 R 496 0 R 497 0 R 498 0 R 499 0 R 500 0 R 501 0 R 502 0 R 503 0 R 504 0 R 505 0 R 506 0 R 507 0 R 508 0 R 509 0 R 510 0 R 511 0 R ] endobj 488 0 obj << /Annots 518 0 R /Contents 517 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 516 0 R /Thumb 489 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 520 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 521 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_23 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream L.1.DDDG4"GD]"AD&U8APф_#t_#DG#X$B BqBG$C,莋>_/MaD| @""BGCB8 L$}GDu*aEto.GFhͣtaA7GI'a4B""""4#VDtaHh!&GM ubC3Ft^0;GE␈FCGш# hB&!Jf""""#%JHG'Fh3B""RS4o/:#t_0@dIMaBN]DuHDDDDbGQ#<>#Hj"$h#ȏGDGDt{#г;.i8KDDDDFUQ/Ψ.菑B ABC1Dlfh|!#>GD|.!fytG쏗f1Fs#\L4Prqх4 #34EYGˢ:6"qhDE(h:8tyFW #`"""""#4TGtCGQQe4Etiюe9*6WDDDDFS瑌9: ңF(!@b34GG6lSkb"""1.DDG Ѷa endstream endobj 521 0 obj 710 endobj 522 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 523 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 524 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 525 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 135 521 168 532 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 526 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 168 521 173 530 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 527 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 179 519 208 532 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 528 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 208 521 213 530 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 529 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 249 521 277 532 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 530 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 277 521 282 530 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 531 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://reparations.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 65 428 139 441 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 532 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://reparations.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 139 430 142 440 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 533 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font3 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 534 0 obj << /Length 535 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 84 672 m 109 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 114 672 m 177 672 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 263 603 m 282 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 592 m 281 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 581 m 79 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 82 581 m 123 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 126 581 m 150 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 135 523 m 168 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 168 523 m 173 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 179 523 m 208 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 208 523 m 213 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 249 523 m 277 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 277 523 m 282 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 65 432 m 139 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 139 432 m 142 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 139 295 m 162 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 172 295 m 210 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 417 637 m 479 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 483 636 m 518 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 637 m 537 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 626 m 336 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 341 626 m 397 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 401 626 m 440 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 498 580 m 536 580 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 569 m 328 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 333 569 m 374 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 379 569 m 430 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 472 569 m 536 569 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 557 m 328 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 333 557 m 374 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 378 557 m 418 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 338 523 m 358 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 365 523 m 374 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 379 523 m 398 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 403 523 m 435 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 477 500 m 518 500 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 500 m 537 500 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 489 m 336 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 342 489 m 369 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 436 364 m 537 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 352 m 349 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 353 352 m 461 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 467 352 m 480 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 485 352 m 526 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 530 352 m 537 352 l S endstream endobj 535 0 obj 2244 endobj 536 0 obj << /Length 537 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 65 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 732 Tm (\(Cite as:) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 731 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 731 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 706 Tm (the court must examine the "pleadings and record to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 695 Tm (determine the nature of the dispute and the interests) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 683 Tm (of the parties in having [the issue] resolved"\);) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 683 Tm (see) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 672 Tm (also) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 672 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 672 Tm (369 U.S. at 217) Tj 1 0 0 1 180 672 Tm (\(indicating the need for a) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 660 Tm ("discriminating inquiry into the precise facts and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 649 Tm (posture of the particular case" when distinguishing) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 637 Tm (between "political questions" and "political cases"\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 626 Tm (Thus, the issue becomes whether Plaintiffs' claims) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 615 Tm (are the type of claims that have been committed to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 603 Tm (the Representative Branches for resolution.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 603 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 263 603 Tm (In re) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 592 Tm (Nazi Era Cases Against German Defendants Litig.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 581 Tm (129) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 581 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 581 Tm (at 378) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 581 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 558 Tm (Finally, Plaintiffs assert that the issue of reparations) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 546 Tm (is) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 546 Tm (a distinct and separate issue from issues of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 535 Tm ("[e]quality) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 535 Tm (under the law and freedom from) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 524 Tm (discrimination.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 523 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 523 Tm (n) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 523 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 523 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 523 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 523 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 523 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 512 Tm (Dismiss II, at 4. In other words, Plaintiffs argue that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 501 Tm (the legislation Congress has passed granting African-) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 489 Tm (Americans full citizenship and equality under the law) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 478 Tm (does not amount to, or serve as a substitute for,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 467 Tm (legitimate and meaningful reparations for slavery.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 466 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 455 Tm (Plaintiffs therefore argue that the political question) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 444 Tm (doctrine) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 444 Tm (does not apply to the issue of slave) Tj 0 0 1 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 432 Tm (reparations. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 432 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 432 Tm (4-5. It is clear, however, that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 421 Tm (Congress has considered the issues of reparations for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 409 Tm (slavery numerous times, in contexts distinct from that) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 398 Tm (of equal rights under the law.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 398 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 398 Tm (H.R. 40,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 387 Tm (108th Cong. \(2003\) and H.R. 40, 107th Cong. \(2001\)) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 375 Tm (\(proposing a Congressional committee to study the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 364 Tm (effects of slavery on the present African-American) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 353 Tm (community\); An Act to Establish a Bureau for the) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 341 Tm (Relief of Freedmen and Refugees, ch. 90, 13 Stat.) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 330 Tm (507 \(March 3, 1865\) \(creating the Freedman's) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 318 Tm (Bureau, which was to provide former slaves with,) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 307 Tm (inter alia,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 307 Tm (food, clothing, and job placement\); H.R.) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 295 Tm (29, 40th Cong.) Tj 560 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 295 Tm (") Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 295 Tm (,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 295 Tm (2 \(1867\)) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 295 Tm (\(proposing that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 284 Tm (Confederate property be seized and distributed to) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 273 Tm (former slaves\).) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 250 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 250 Tm (Complaint indicates that the underlying) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 239 Tm (nature) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 239 Tm (of their lawsuit seeks reparations for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (Defendants' participation in slavery dating back as far) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 216 Tm (as the year 1619.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 216 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 216 Tm (SCAC, y[ 5. Although Plaintiffs) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 205 Tm (request both equitable and legal relief, the bulk of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 193 Tm (this relief centers on Plaintiffs' claim for restitution.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 182 Tm (For example, Plaintiffs seek, among other things, the) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 170 Tm (following remedies: \(1\) an accounting of the) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 159 Tm (") Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 159 Tm (monies,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 159 Tm (profits,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 159 Tm (and/or) Tj 1 0 0 1 188 159 Tm (benefits) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 159 Tm (derived) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 272 159 Tm (by) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 148 Tm (defendants" from the slave trade and slavery; \(2\) "a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 136 Tm (constructive trust in the value of said monies, profits,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 125 Tm (and/or benefits," \(3\) "full restitution in the value of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 114 Tm (all) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 114 Tm (monies,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 114 Tm (profits,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 114 Tm (and/or) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 114 Tm (benefits) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 114 Tm (derived) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 272 114 Tm (by) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 103 Tm (defendants') Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 102 Tm (use) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 102 Tm (of slave labor," \(4\) "equitable) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 91 Tm (disgorgement") Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 91 Tm (of these "monies, profits, and/or) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 64 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 753 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 533 753 Tm (4) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 705 Tm (benefits," and \(5\) any other appropriate damages.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 705 Tm (See) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 694 Tm (id.) Tj /OP11Font0 12 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 694 Tm (9) Tj 1 0 0 1 346 692 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 694 Tm (288, Prayer for Relief. These remedies) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 682 Tm (collectively provide the basis for calculating and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 671 Tm (distributing the amount of restitution sought; that is) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 660 Tm (the amount in which Plaintiffs claim that Defendants) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 648 Tm (wrongfully) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 648 Tm (benefitted) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 648 Tm (from Plaintiffs') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 648 Tm (ancestors') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 637 Tm (unpaid slave labor.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 637 Tm (See) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 637 Tm (United States v.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 636 Tm (Shenard,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 637 Tm (269) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 626 Tm (F.3d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 626 Tm (884, 885 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 626 Tm (Cir.2001\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 625 Tm (\(defining restitution as) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 614 Tm (usually) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 614 Tm (meaning the return of ill-gotten gains to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 603 Tm (which the holder is not legally entitled\). Courts have) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 591 Tm (consistently held that claims seeking restitution for) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 580 Tm (forced labor are claims for reparations.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 580 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 498 580 Tm (Iwanowa.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 569 Tm (67) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 569 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 569 Tm (at 485 n.84;) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 569 Tm (see also) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 569 Tm (Burger-Fischer,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 557 Tm (65) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 557 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 557 Tm (at 281-82) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 557 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 557 Tm (Such claims clearly raise a) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 546 Tm (question as to whether the Judicial branch of the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 534 Tm (federal government is best suited to resolve the issue.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 523 Tm (See) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 523 Tm (Cato,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 523 Tm (70) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 523 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 523 Tm (at 1110) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 523 Tm (\(holding that plaintiffs') Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 511 Tm (claims for slavery reparations presented a non-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 500 Tm (justiciable political question\);) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 442 500 Tm (see also) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 500 Tm (Kelberine,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 500 Tm (363) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 489 Tm (F.2d) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 489 Tm (at 995) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 489 Tm (\(concluding that plaintiffs' claims for) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 477 Tm (reparations against private corporate defendant for its) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 466 Tm (i) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 466 Tm (nvolvement in a "Nazi Conspiracy" during World) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 455 Tm (War) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 455 Tm (Il) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 455 Tm (were barred by political question doctrine\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 432 Tm (*32 To further support this conclusion, in a recent) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 420 Tm (action seeking relief from a German company and its) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (American subsidiaries for damages resulting from the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 398 Tm (plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 398 Tm (forced labor in Nazi Germany during) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 386 Tm (World War) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 386 Tm (Il,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 386 Tm (the District Court for the District of) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 375 Tm (New Jersey rejected the very same argument that) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 364 Tm (Plaintiffs raise here.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 364 Tm (See) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 364 Tm (In re Nazi Era Cases) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 352 Tm (Against) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 352 Tm (German Defendants Litig.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 352 Tm (129) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 352 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 352 Tm (at) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (375 \(rejecting the plaintiffs' argument that the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 330 Tm (political question doctrine cannot preclude a claim) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 318 Tm (for reparations brought by an individual against a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 307 Tm (private company when the underlying abuse alleged) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (was "fundamentally interrelated with the Nazi war) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 284 Tm (effort"\).) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 261 Tm (As a result, Plaintiffs' assertions that their claims are) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 250 Tm (private) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 250 Tm (rather than) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 250 Tm (political,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 250 Tm (and that the issue of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 239 Tm (reparations is different from the issue of equal rights) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 227 Tm (under the law, do not preclude the court from) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (i) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 216 Tm (nquiring into) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 216 Tm (whether this case presents a non-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 205 Tm (justiciable) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 205 Tm (political) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 204 Tm (question.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 204 Tm (Further,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 204 Tm (given the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 193 Tm (nature of Plaintiffs' claims, an analysis of the political) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (question doctrine is necessary. Having reached this) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 170 Tm (conclusion, a review of Plaintiffs' Complaint reveals) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (that all of the) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 159 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 159 Tm (factors are present in the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (underlying litigation.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 125 Tm (\(I\).) Tj /OP11Font3 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 125 Tm (A Textually) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 125 Tm (Demonstrable) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 125 Tm (Constitutional) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 113 Tm (Commitment of the Issue to a Coordinate Political) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 102 Tm (Department) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 537 0 obj 13522 endobj 538 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 522 0 R /OP11Font1 523 0 R /OP11Font2 524 0 R /OP11Font3 533 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_23 520 0 R >> >> endobj 539 0 obj [ 534 0 R 536 0 R ] endobj 540 0 obj [ 525 0 R 526 0 R 527 0 R 528 0 R 529 0 R 530 0 R 531 0 R 532 0 R ] endobj 519 0 obj << /Annots 540 0 R /Contents 539 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 538 0 R /Thumb 520 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 542 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 543 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_24 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream DyDsDGDt_#躈HˣDGFH#&EB"#3">mF]|,A&P*.Ch#R#>q"C1:0"]FjLfq̼G莋tGE tDDDDDDDdMHh3Ymh$8 C@.DFNtcĎ#/Sh PB")DFh|aϣ3菑$(u!IG#8YNPX&VP9PP粠 XB"(":"34GEфaF ʂ9=G!:AGF̺#=GDt]@2(1r:."""""34"GDr; EIDDDDH#ь0>N P@ˆ1G $ftm2쎋ˆB",!yudtG|] Aa$T"17GTqDu@DN"!#莄b"1E?Dtt#B"1!GDyR|$"}A0B]M&B#'B*0GF2u t,!0#4GFGDu!*B# GdtG~f:`ѵ8h#Ѽ#;'F􍨋:@H02:0:1F:}8 endstream endobj 543 0 obj 742 endobj 544 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 545 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 546 0 obj << /Length 547 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 189 512 m 242 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 248 512 m 262 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 266 512 m 284 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 68 501 m 127 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 134 501 m 172 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 259 466 m 284 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 455 m 143 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 148 455 m 162 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 166 455 m 184 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 187 455 m 242 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 455 m 284 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 223 375 m 267 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 278 376 m 283 376 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 364 m 120 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 124 364 m 239 364 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 368 205 m 396 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 484 159 m 527 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 125 m 382 125 l S endstream endobj 547 0 obj 897 endobj 548 0 obj << /Length 549 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 67 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 743 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 742 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 731 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 706 Tm (The Constitution commits to the Representative) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 694 Tm (Branches of the United States Government the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 683 Tm (authority to resolve the issue of reparations to former) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 672 Tm (slaves resulting from the Nations role in the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 661 Tm (institution of slavery.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 660 Tm (As stated above, historians) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 649 Tm (have long debated whether the issue of slavery was) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 638 Tm (the actual cause of the Civil War.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 637 Tm (See infra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 248 637 Tm (Part II.E.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 626 Tm (However, regardless of what actually caused the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 615 Tm (Civil) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 614 Tm (War, it is clear that the abolition of slavery as) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 603 Tm (an institution) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 603 Tm (was a fundamental concern of the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 592 Tm (Representative Branches both during and after the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 580 Tm (war.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 580 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 580 Tm (Donald G. Nieman,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 580 Tm (Promises to Keep:) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 569 Tm (African-Americans and the Constitutional Order,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 558 Tm (1776 to the Present) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 558 Tm (54 \(Oxford University Press) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 546 Tm (1991\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 546 Tm (Under the Constitution, the war powers are) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 535 Tm (reserved to the Representative Branches of the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 524 Tm (federal government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 523 Tm (See U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 523 Tm (Const. art. I, 8; U.S.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 512 Tm (Const. art. II, 2;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 512 Tm (see also) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 512 Tm (Doe v. Bush.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 512 Tm (323) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 512 Tm (F.3d) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 501 Tm (133, 137 \(1st) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 501 Tm (Cir.2003\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 501 Tm (.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 501 Tm (These powers not only) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 490 Tm (i) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 489 Tm (nclude the power to declare and prosecute war, but) Tj 1 0 0 1 67 478 Tm (also extend to the power to ensure a just and lasting) Tj 1 0 0 1 67 466 Tm (peace following the conclusion of a war.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 466 Tm (See) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 259 466 Tm (Ladue) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 455 Tm (& Co. v. Brownell,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 455 Tm (220) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 455 Tm (F.2d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 455 Tm (468, 472 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 455 Tm (Cir.1955\)) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 444 Tm (\(holding that Congress may reserve the power to) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 432 Tm (seize property following a formal declaration of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 421 Tm (peace\). By exclusively entrusting such powers to the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 409 Tm (Representative Branches, the Constitution restricts) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 398 Tm (judicial review or interference on many war-related) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 387 Tm (decisions made by Congress and the President both) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (during) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 376 Tm (and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 376 Tm (after) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 375 Tm (a) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 376 Tm (war.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 199 375 Tm (See) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 375 Tm (Harisiades) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 376 Tm (v.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 364 Tm (Shaughnessy,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 364 Tm (342 U.S. 580, 589-90 \(1952\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 364 Tm (.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 341 Tm (In this case, there is a strong historical record) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 330 Tm (indicating that the relief sought, reparations to former) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 318 Tm (slaves following the Civil War, was considered and) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 307 Tm (rejected by the Representative Branches in lieu of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 295 Tm (other forms of relief. This relief came in many forms,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 284 Tm (including) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 284 Tm (wartime and post-war legislation, civil) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 273 Tm (rights legislation, and constitutional amendments-all) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 262 Tm (i) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 262 Tm (ntended to ensure the liberty of the newly freed) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 250 Tm (slaves and benefit them generally.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 228 Tm (*33 For example, prior to the end of the Civil War,) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 216 Tm (Congress passed the Federal Confiscation Acts) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 205 Tm (designed to punish those who participated in the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 193 Tm (rebellion by confiscating their property.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 193 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 193 Tm (An Act) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 182 Tm (to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 182 Tm (Confiscate) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 182 Tm (Property) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 182 Tm (Used for Insurrectionary) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (Purposes, ch. 60, 12 Stat. 319 \(Aug. 6, 1861\), as) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 159 Tm (amended by, An Act to Suppress Insurrection, to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 148 Tm (Punish) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 148 Tm (Treason) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 148 Tm (and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 148 Tm (Rebellion,) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 148 Tm (to) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 148 Tm (Seize) Tj 1 0 0 1 270 148 Tm (and) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 137 Tm (Confiscate the Property of Rebels, and for Other) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 125 Tm (Purposes, ch. 195, 12 Stat. 589 \(July 17, 1862\). The) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (Confiscation Acts also freed tens of thousands of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 102 Tm (slaves who had fled to Union forces by the summer) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 91 Tm (of 1862.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 91 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 91 Tm (Shortly thereafter, following a series) Tj 1 0 0 1 176 64 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 753 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 535 753 Tm (5) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 706 Tm (of) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 706 Tm (Union victories, President Lincoln, using his) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 694 Tm (constitutional) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 694 Tm (authority) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 694 Tm (as) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 694 Tm (Commander-in-Chief,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 683 Tm (issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1,) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 672 Tm (1863.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 671 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 671 Tm (Abraham Lincoln, The Emancipation) Tj 1 0 0 1 321 660 Tm (Proclamation, Exec. Proclamation No. 17 \(Jan. 1,) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 649 Tm (1863\), reprinted in 12 Stat. 1268 \(1863\). The) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 637 Tm (Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves in the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 626 Tm (states under Confederate control. Id.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 603 Tm (Other wartime efforts to ensure the well-being of the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 592 Tm (newly freed slaves included Congress' creation of the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 580 Tm (Freedman's Bureau in March 1865.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 580 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 580 Tm (An Act to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 569 Tm (Establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 558 Tm (Refugees, ch. 90, 13 Stat. 507 \(March 3, 1865\).) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 546 Tm (Congress created the Freedman's Bureau pursuant to) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 535 Tm (the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 535 Tm (war powers to provide former slaves food,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 523 Tm (clothing,) Tj 1 0 0 1 368 523 Tm (supplies,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 523 Tm (job) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 523 Tm (placement,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 523 Tm (educational) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 512 Tm (facilities, and homestead land. Id.;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 512 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 512 Tm (Albert P.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 501 Tm (Blaustein and Robert L. Zangrando,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 473 501 Tm (Civil Rights and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 489 Tm (the American Negro: A Documentary History) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 489 Tm (210) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 478 Tm (\() Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 478 Tm (Washington Square Press, Inc., New York 1968\).) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 466 Tm (The Bureau had the authority to rent or sell to freed) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 455 Tm (slaves) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 455 Tm (land) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 455 Tm (abandoned) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 455 Tm (or) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 455 Tm (confiscated in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 444 Tm (Confederacy.) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 444 Tm (Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 444 Tm (Although) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 444 Tm (Congress) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 444 Tm (initially) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 432 Tm (intended for the Bureau's authority to expire one-year) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 421 Tm (after the completion of the Civil War, Congress voted) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 409 Tm (to) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 409 Tm (extend the Bureau's powers over President) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 398 Tm (Johnson's veto.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 398 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 398 Tm (An Act to Continue in Force and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 387 Tm (to Amend An Act to Establish a Bureau for the Relief) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 375 Tm (of Freedmen and Refugees, and for Other Purposes,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 364 Tm (ch. 200, 14 Stat. 173 \(July 16, 1866\); An Act to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 353 Tm (Continue the Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 341 Tm (Refugees, and for Other Purposes, ch. 135, 15 Stat.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 330 Tm (83 \(July 6, 1868\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 405 330 Tm (see also) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 330 Tm (George R. Bentley,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 330 Tm (A) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 318 Tm (History of the Freedmen's Bureau) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 318 Tm (133 \(Octagon) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 307 Tm (Books 1970\) \(1955\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 284 Tm (Congress also passed numerous Civil Rights Acts) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 273 Tm (between the period of 1866- 1875. Specifically, the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 261 Tm (Civil) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 262 Tm (Rights Acts of 1866, 1870, 1871, and 1875) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 250 Tm (were enacted to secure civil rights for the newly freed) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 239 Tm (slaves.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 239 Tm (Most notably, the Civil Rights Act of 1866) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 228 Tm (declared "[a]ll persons" to be citizens of the United) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 216 Tm (States and guaranteed them legal equality throughout) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 205 Tm (the nation.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 205 Tm ([FN271) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 205 Tm (See Civil) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 205 Tm (Rights Act of 1866, ch.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 193 Tm (31, 14 Stat. 27 \(April 9, 1866\). The Act provided that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 182 Tm ("[a]11 persons ... shall have the same right in every) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 171 Tm (State ... as is enjoyed by white citizens." Id.) Tj 414 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 171 Tm (") Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 159 Tm (\(currently codified, as amended, at) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 159 Tm (42 U.S.C.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 148 Tm (1981 .) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 125 Tm (FN27.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 125 Tm (Because there were questions as to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 114 Tm (whether) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 114 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 114 Tm (Thirteenth) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 114 Tm (Amendment) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 103 Tm (authorized the Civil Rights Act of 1866,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 91 Tm (Congress) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 91 Tm (ratified) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 91 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 91 Tm (Fourteenth) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 549 0 obj 12916 endobj 550 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 544 0 R /OP11Font1 545 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_24 542 0 R >> >> endobj 551 0 obj [ 546 0 R 548 0 R ] endobj 552 0 obj [ ] endobj 541 0 obj << /Annots 552 0 R /Contents 551 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 550 0 R /Thumb 542 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 554 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 555 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_25 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 0Q܆o5tG"8B.DF"'ѮL0#莂+eAEAEt]DtGFF쎈莭:B!4DDDDF34g#Dt]" HFPRq1D<<]Lt B"1Fь:#4L* 8KeTCB"#7D|h/Մ] D!FȎ3ˣN@e~@F٨l1Dth"*DDtDGad< 莈D"u}.T_# QJAq @HT#h/fAA0B."0IQPa:0:(DtGVGdtGP`I͝:#:#:#?aY_ \EPsB """1@dH62tGE )D"yDDO)ьGDaEБCPB=DtNx T3B""""#*jfF2GPdt]*-DeZ#tGDtN""(4&G!Dfaфq՛D|ˆ O!:#NK#*&DFAFaJxoĎ"""#"#ta endstream endobj 555 0 obj 688 endobj 556 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 557 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 558 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Constitution.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 358 705 431 716 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 559 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Constitution.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 431 705 434 715 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 560 0 obj << /Length 561 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 142 583 m 260 583 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 175 537 m 208 537 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 213 537 m 239 537 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 243 537 m 252 537 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 257 537 m 284 537 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 526 m 81 526 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 89 526 m 207 526 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 412 m 134 412 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 138 412 m 238 412 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 245 412 m 282 412 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 209 389 m 237 389 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 333 m 68 333 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 68 333 m 94 333 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 164 287 m 279 287 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 84 207 m 101 207 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 107 207 m 216 207 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 196 m 160 196 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 167 196 m 259 196 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 174 m 126 174 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 128 m 110 128 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 118 128 m 191 128 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 388 m 322 388 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 323 388 m 348 388 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 332 343 m 369 343 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 355 297 m 381 297 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 115 m 430 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 438 115 m 481 115 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 358 707 m 431 707 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 431 707 m 434 707 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 685 m 382 685 l S endstream endobj 561 0 obj 1491 endobj 562 0 obj << /Length 563 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 663 Tm (constitutional amendments \(hereinafter collectively) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 651 Tm (referred to as the "Civil War Amendments"\) between) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 640 Tm (the period of 1865 to 1870 to ensure the liberty of the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 628 Tm (newly freed slaves. The Thirteenth Amendment,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 618 Tm (ratified) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 617 Tm (on December 6, 1865, provides, in part:) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 606 Tm ("Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude ... shall) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 594 Tm (exist within the United States, or any place subject to) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 583 Tm (their jurisdiction.") Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 583 Tm (U.S. Const. amend. XIII, l) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 582 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 582 Tm (This) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 571 Tm (amendment formally abolished slavery within the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 560 Tm (United States by prohibiting individual states from) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 549 Tm (enacting legislation authorizing the use of slavery) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 538 Tm (within their borders.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 537 Tm (See) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 537 Tm (Jones v.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 537 Tm (Alfred) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 537 Tm (H.) Tj 136 Tz 1 0 0 1 257 537 Tm (Ma,L) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 526 Tm (Co..) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 89 526 Tm (392 U.S. 409, 439 \(1968\)) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 525 Tm (\(noting that the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 514 Tm (Thirteenth Amendment effectively abolished slavery) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 503 Tm (and gave Congress the "power to pass all laws) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 492 Tm (necessary and proper for abolishing all badges and) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 480 Tm (incidents of slavery in the United States"\) \(internal) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 469 Tm (quotations) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 469 Tm (omitted\).) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 469 Tm (Congress then ratified the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 457 Tm (Fourteenth Amendment on July 9, 1868, declaring) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 446 Tm (among other things, that all persons born or) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 435 Tm (naturalized in the United States were United States) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 424 Tm (citizens) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 423 Tm (and citizens of the state in which they) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 413 Tm (resided.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 412 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 117 412 Tm (U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 412 Tm (Const. amend. XIV, 1) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 412 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 412 Tm (Section 1) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 401 Tm (of this) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 401 Tm (Amendment effectively overruled the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 390 Tm (Supreme) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 389 Tm (Court's) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 389 Tm (Dred Scott) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 389 Tm (~FN281) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 389 Tm (decision,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 378 Tm (ultimately making freed slaves citizens of the United) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 367 Tm (States.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 367 Tm (Finally,) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 366 Tm (on February 3, 1870, Congress) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 355 Tm (ratified the Fifteenth Amendment with the intention) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 344 Tm (of granting African-Americans the right of suffrage.) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 333 Tm (f) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 333 Tm (FN291) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 332 Tm (The Fifteenth Amendment provides, in part:) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 321 Tm ("The right of citizens of the United States to vote) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 310 Tm (shall not be denied or abridged by the United States) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 298 Tm (or by any State on account of race, color, or previous) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 287 Tm (condition of servitude.") Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 287 Tm (U.S. Const. amend XV, 1) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 281 286 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 275 Tm (Concerned with the possibility that individual states) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 264 Tm (may attempt to circumvent the purpose behind the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 253 Tm (Civil) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 252 Tm (War Amendments, Congress included an) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 241 Tm (enabling clause in all three of the Civil) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 265 241 Tm (War) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 230 Tm (Amendments--giving it the exclusive power to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 218 Tm (enforce the Amendments with appropriate legislation.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 208 Tm (See) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 207 Tm (U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 207 Tm (Const. amend XIII, 2) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 207 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 207 Tm (see also U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 196 Tm (Const. amend XIV, 5) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 162 196 Tm (;) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 196 Tm (U.S. Const. amend XV) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 195 Tm ( 2.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 174 Tm (FN28.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 173 Tm (In) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 173 Tm (Dred Scott v. Sanford,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 173 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 162 Tm (Supreme) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 162 Tm (Court) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 162 Tm (declared) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 162 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 161 Tm (Missouri) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 150 Tm (Compromise unconstitutional and broadly) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 139 Tm (held that slaves were property, not citizens.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 128 Tm (60) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 128 Tm (U.S. 393 \(1856\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 127 Tm (.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 127 Tm (The Court's ruling) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 116 Tm (established that slaves were not entitled to) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 105 Tm (all) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 105 Tm (of the rights, privileges and immunities) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 94 Tm (guaranteed) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 94 Tm (to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 94 Tm (all) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 93 Tm (citizens) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 93 Tm (under the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 67 Tm ( 2005) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 67 Tm (ThomsonlWest.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 66 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 661 Tm (Americans the right to vote by ratifying the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 650 Tm (Fifteenth Amendment, the Amendment itself) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 639 Tm (did not guarantee such a result. State and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 627 Tm (local laws requiring poll taxes, literary tests,) Tj 1 0 0 1 357 616 Tm (residence and registration requirements, and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 604 Tm ("grandfather clauses" acted as impediments) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 593 Tm (to this right.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 593 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 593 Tm (Blaustein and Zangrando,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 582 Tm (supra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 582 Tm (at 245-46. Many of these issues were) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 570 Tm (not resolved until decades later when the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 559 Tm (United) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 559 Tm (States) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 559 Tm (Supreme) Tj 1 0 0 1 475 558 Tm (Court) Tj 1 0 0 1 508 558 Tm (became) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 547 Tm (involved in the issue and Congress passed) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 536 Tm (the) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 536 Tm (Voting Acts Rights Act of 1965. Id.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 525 Tm (However, to help illustrate the seriousness) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 513 Tm (of Congress' efforts to assimilate the newly) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 502 Tm (freed slaves into society, the court notes that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 491 Tm (the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 490 Tm (African-American male was given the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 479 Tm (right to vote fifty years prior to Congress') Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 468 Tm (ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 456 Tm (which gave women the right to vote.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 456 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 445 Tm (U.S. Const. amend. XIX.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 422 Tm (More directly on point, the Representative Branches) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 411 Tm (considered the issue of reparations to freed slaves for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 399 Tm (harms suffered as a result of the institution of slavery.) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 388 Tm (\() Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 388 Tm (FN301) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 388 Tm (Congressman Thaddeus Stevens proposed a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 377 Tm (bill that would have utilized the Confiscation Acts to) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 365 Tm (seize public and private real property within the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 354 Tm (former Confederate States.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 354 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 448 354 Tm (H.R. 29, 40th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 354 Tm (Cong..k) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 343 Tm (1,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 332 343 Tm (2 \(1867\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 343 Tm (.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 342 Tm (The confiscated property would have) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 331 Tm (been distributed to freed slaves.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 137 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 331 Tm (See id. ) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 331 Tm (4.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 320 Tm (Specifically, the text of that bill provided,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 319 Tm (inter alia:) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 297 Tm (FN30.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 297 Tm (In fact the Representative Branches) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 286 Tm (continue to consider the issue of reparations) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 274 Tm (to descendants of slaves. In 1989, and in) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 263 Tm (each successive year, Congressman John) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 252 Tm (Conyers has introduced a Reparations Study) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 240 Tm (Bill, commonly referred to as H.R. 40.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 240 Tm (See,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 229 Tm (e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 229 Tm (Commission to Study Reparations) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 217 Tm (Proposals for African Americans Act, H.R.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 206 Tm (3745, 101st Cong. \(1989\); Commission to) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 195 Tm (Study Reparation Proposals for African-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 184 Tm (Americans) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 183 Tm (Act,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 183 Tm (H.R.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 183 Tm (40,) Tj 1 0 0 1 483 183 Tm (108th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 183 Tm (Cong.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 172 Tm (\(2003\).) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 172 Tm (This) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 172 Tm (Reparations) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 172 Tm (Study) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 172 Tm (Bill) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 161 Tm (provides,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 161 Tm (inter alia,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 161 Tm (for the formation of a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 149 Tm (commission to study human chattel slavery) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 138 Tm (and its continuing impact on African) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 126 Tm (descendants in the United States today.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 126 Tm (See,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 115 Tm (e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 115 Tm (H.R. 3745,) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 115 Tm () Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 115 Tm (2\(b\)\(1\)-\(3\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 115 Tm (,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 115 Tm (101st Cong.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 104 Tm (\(1989\).) Tj 141 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 104 Tm (The bill also calls for the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 92 Tm (commission to recommend the form that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 756 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 754 Tm (Page 26) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 745 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 745 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 745 Tm (---) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 733 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 733 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 708 Tm (Amendment on July 9, 1868, rendering the) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 707 Tm (Constitution. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 707 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 707 Tm (404-405.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 697 Tm (issue moot.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 697 Tm (See U.S.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 697 Tm (Const. amend XIV.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 685 Tm (FN29.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 684 Tm (The court notes that although) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 674 Tm (*34) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 674 Tm (Additionally,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 674 Tm (Congress) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 674 Tm (ratified) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 674 Tm (three) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 673 Tm (Congress) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 673 Tm (intended) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 673 Tm (to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 673 Tm (give) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 672 Tm (African-) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 563 0 obj 13016 endobj 564 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 556 0 R /OP11Font1 557 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_25 554 0 R >> >> endobj 565 0 obj [ 560 0 R 562 0 R ] endobj 566 0 obj [ 558 0 R 559 0 R ] endobj 553 0 obj << /Annots 566 0 R /Contents 565 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 564 0 R /Thumb 554 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 568 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 569 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_26 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream DG(1":#:#>GD~"""#|<^6菗ˮ"B!DF"#:tGEtGDc#>Gˆ!tH1:<莈.tmEA2(""#DbB >!)Q莋#G26\2uTH"""""#::">aFtGQe GCB#4":,ttQ# 41#xDtGD|ь@"#RA):0A2*e9CPDDBDDc%Fh菑 @2.#hhADDDDDFTaFEBF3htQ͢>GQ / |DDDDDDf]]F'@%dtm@.߄Ԏ"""Ј8O@HD|'VPUeQ DDe|GEь6A(p 莋2:=Q/F"Dbe"=pshb"34]F#1;I1b|c!eW@B""#H/Ȏ">GEx.""""(F""3<13|菗DuG AGH IDDDDDDDd GԝфG[+6""""")Fft^1躈F]>q#>_/DDDDDDDrc>D endstream endobj 569 0 obj 713 endobj 570 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 571 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 572 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 174 681 183 692 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 573 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 187 681 191 690 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 574 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 191 681 193 691 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 575 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 164 134 174 145 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 576 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 181 134 185 143 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 577 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 185 134 188 144 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 578 0 obj << /Length 579 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 174 683 m 183 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 187 684 m 191 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 191 684 m 193 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 197 684 m 201 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 206 683 m 234 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 164 136 m 174 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 181 136 m 185 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 185 136 m 188 136 l S endstream endobj 579 0 obj 400 endobj 580 0 obj << /Length 581 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 67 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 731 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 706 Tm (reparations should take if it indeed finds) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 695 Tm (there to be continuing injuries to African) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 684 Tm (descendants.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 684 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 683 Tm (id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 684 Tm (a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 684 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 684 Tm () Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 683 Tm (2\(b\)\(5\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 236 683 Tm (.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 660 Tm (That out of the lands thus seized and confiscated) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 649 Tm (the slaves) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 649 Tm (who have been liberated by the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 637 Tm (operations of the war and the amendment to the) Tj 1 0 0 1 76 626 Tm (Constitution or otherwise,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 626 Tm (who reside in said) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 614 Tm ("confederate States" on the 4th day of March, A.D.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 603 Tm (1861, or since, shall have distributed to them as) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 592 Tm (follows, namely: to each male person who is the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 580 Tm (head of a family, forty acres; to each adult male,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 569 Tm (whether the head of a family or not, forty acres; to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 558 Tm (each widow who is the head of a family, forty) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 546 Tm (acres--to be held by them in fee-simple, but to be) Tj 1 0 0 1 76 535 Tm (inalienable for the next ten years after they come) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 523 Tm (seized thereof.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 512 Tm (*35 Id. In addition, each freed slave would have) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 501 Tm (also been entitled to a monetary grant for the purpose) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 489 Tm (of erecting buildings on these distributed lands.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 489 Tm (See) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 478 Tm (id.) Tj 155 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 478 Tm (L5.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 455 Tm (Stevens passionately advocated for passage of this) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 444 Tm (bill.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 444 Tm (Stevens indicated that H.R. 29 was designed to) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 432 Tm (help several classes of persons, including freed) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 421 Tm (slaves, stating:) Tj 59 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 410 Tm ([) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 409 Tm (H.R. 29] is important to four millions of injured,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 398 Tm (oppressed, and helpless men, whose ancestors for) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 386 Tm (two centuries have been held in bondage and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 375 Tm (compelled to earn the very property a small portion) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 364 Tm (of which we propose to restore to them, and who) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 352 Tm (are now destitute, helpless, and exposed to want) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 341 Tm (and starvation under the deliberate cruelty of their) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 330 Tm (former) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 330 Tm (masters....) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 330 Tm (The cause of the war was) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 318 Tm (slavery.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 318 Tm (We have liberated the slaves. It is our duty) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 307 Tm (to protect them and provide for them while they are) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 295 Tm (unable to provide for themselves. Have we not a) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 284 Tm (right, in the language of Vattel, 'to do ourselves) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 273 Tm (justice respecting the object which has caused the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 261 Tm (war,' by taking lands for homesteads for these) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 250 Tm (') Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 250 Tm (objects' of the war?) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 239 Tm (CONG. GLOBE, 40th Cong., 1st Sess. 204 \(1867\)) Tj 1 0 0 1 67 228 Tm (\(statement of Congressman Stevens\). According to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 216 Tm (Stevens, passage of H.R. 29 would have served two) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 205 Tm (objectives. First, the bill would have served to punish) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (the Confederate States for their treasonous war. As) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 182 Tm (Stevens stated: "You behold at your feet a conquered) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (foe, an atrocious enemy. Tell him on what terms he) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 159 Tm (may arise and depart or remain loyal. But do not) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 148 Tm (embrace him too hastily. Be sure first that there is no) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 136 Tm (dagger in his girdle.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 136 Tm (Id.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 136 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 136 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 136 Tm (205. Second, the bill) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 125 Tm (would have served to place freed slaves on the path) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (to economic independence. As Stevens stated:) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 102 Tm (Four million persons have just been freed from a) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 91 Tm (condition) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 91 Tm (of dependence,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 91 Tm (wholly unacquainted) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 64 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 753 Tm (2) Tj 1 0 0 1 535 753 Tm (7) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 706 Tm (with business transactions, kept systematically in) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 694 Tm (ignorance of all their rights and of the common) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 683 Tm (elements of education, without which none of any) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 671 Tm (race are competent to earn an honest living, to) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 660 Tm (guard against the frauds which will always be) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 648 Tm (practiced on the ignorant, or to judge of the most) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 637 Tm (judicious manner of applying their labor.) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 626 Tm (Id.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 603 Tm (In) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 603 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 603 Tm (Senate,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 603 Tm (Senator) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 603 Tm (Charles) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 603 Tm (Sumner also) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 592 Tm (championed this vision of land distribution as a form) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 580 Tm (of reparations to freed slaves.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 580 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 580 Tm (CONG. GLOBE,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 569 Tm (40th Cong., 1st Sess. 15, 49-56, 79, 114, 147, 203-08,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 558 Tm (304-08, 463 \(1867\) \(statements of Senator Sumner\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 546 Tm (According to Sumner, "all who are now familiar with) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 534 Tm (the process of reconstruction have felt that our work) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 523 Tm (would be incomplete unless in some way or another) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 512 Tm (we secured to the freedmen a piece of land." LONG.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 500 Tm (GLOBE, 40th Cong., 1st Sess. 50 \(1867\) \(statement) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 489 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 489 Tm (Senator) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 489 Tm (Sumner\).) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 489 Tm (One particular proposed) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 478 Tm (resolution of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 478 Tm (Sumner) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 478 Tm (s provided,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 478 Tm (inter alia:) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 48 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 478 Tm (") Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 478 Tm (Not less) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 466 Tm (i) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 466 Tm (mportant than education is the homestead, which) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 455 Tm (must be secured to the freedmen, so that at least) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 444 Tm (every head of a family may have a piece of land." Id.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 432 Tm (\(reading text of proposed resolution, Miscellaneous) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 421 Tm (Document No. 1,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 421 Tm (_5\).) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 398 Tm (*36 The idea of land distribution was also a plan of) Tj 1 0 0 1 321 386 Tm (the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 375 Tm (Land.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 375 Tm (See generally) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 375 Tm (Bentley,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 375 Tm (supra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 375 Tm (at 49. However,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 364 Tm (the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 364 Tm (idea) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 364 Tm (of land distribution) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 364 Tm (was) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 364 Tm (ultimately) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 352 Tm (abandoned, with President Andrew Johnson pursuing) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 341 Tm (a plan to pardon Confederate sympathizers and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 330 Tm (restore their property rights.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 330 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 330 Tm (Claude F. Oubre,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 318 Tm (Forty Acres and a Mule: The Freedmen's Bureau and) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 307 Tm (Black Land Ownership) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 307 Tm (61-71 \(1978\).) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 284 Tm (The) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 284 Tm (words of Senator Sumner, lamenting the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 273 Tm (decision) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 273 Tm (not to extend monetary or property) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 261 Tm (reparations to freed slaves, is hauntingly prophetic of) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 250 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 250 Tm (continued) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 250 Tm (post-Emancipation) Tj 1 0 0 1 494 250 Tm (reparations) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 239 Tm (movement: "I do not like to play the part of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 227 Tm (Cassandra;) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 228 Tm (FN31) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 228 Tm (but I cannot forbear declaring my) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 216 Tm (conviction that we shall regret hereafter that we have) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 205 Tm (not done more." CONG. GLOBE, 40th Cong., 1st) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 193 Tm (Sess. 165 \(1867\) \(statement of Senator Sumner\). Yet,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 182 Tm (that does not change the fact that the Representative) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 171 Tm (Branches considered the issue of reparations to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 159 Tm (former slaves, and the chosen vessels of reparations) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 148 Tm (came in the form of constitutional and legislative) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 136 Tm (enactments guaranteeing equality under the law and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 125 Tm (freedom) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 125 Tm (from discrimination. It is the political) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 114 Tm (question) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 114 Tm (doctrine that) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 114 Tm (militates) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 114 Tm (that this court) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 102 Tm (attribute finality to those decisions, and not posit) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 91 Tm (itself as the ultimate authority on the issue by second) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 581 0 obj 11378 endobj 582 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 570 0 R /OP11Font1 571 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_26 568 0 R >> >> endobj 583 0 obj [ 578 0 R 580 0 R ] endobj 584 0 obj [ 572 0 R 573 0 R 574 0 R 575 0 R 576 0 R 577 0 R ] endobj 567 0 obj << /Annots 584 0 R /Contents 583 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 582 0 R /Thumb 568 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 586 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 587 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_27 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream Dm쭎3DGGфGDuь":#:9D|6t]DDDDkB <96.DDDDD]E;#:/F2= QDd0҈ OtN"y18dm36eDH'tqF3ٗD5xir&V"""""GDu%3FGDtGLÕx":"""""#6aDtGDtmFGEÈA IDDF"""#5R#)GͣDua2YGh#ItGEل]Du+< eIDb"34G.mGDtG(AkI@#&&""""""""91Dt~1D|aфGDDa(!|b",ΈdtGDtmGG&c8DEq:#h3y#2?AJj/."""""2!9.F¸8Pb"B""2M<7$]|#>G !#:\DDDDDFidtG#jPV+H%t] B]Q^.x9:#:.#~""""!ј菑̏8":#ц]興#>:83T""DDIN^#>GJ""""1>m"> endobj 589 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 590 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 316 691 346 703 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 591 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 347 691 352 700 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 592 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 426 691 453 703 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 593 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 453 691 458 700 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 594 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 316 680 345 691 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 595 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 346 680 350 689 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 596 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 420 680 445 691 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 597 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 445 680 450 689 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 598 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 599 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 392 441 424 452 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 600 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 425 441 430 450 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 601 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 435 439 463 452 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 602 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 463 441 468 450 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 603 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 503 441 530 452 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 604 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 530 441 535 450 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 605 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 442 429 471 440 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 606 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 471 429 476 438 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 607 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 479 427 504 440 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 608 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 504 429 509 438 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 609 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 317 418 341 428 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 610 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 341 418 346 426 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 611 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://motions.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 405 269 466 281 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 612 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://motions.Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 466 270 469 280 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 613 0 obj << /Length 614 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 184 705 m 209 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 213 705 m 277 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 637 m 115 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 637 m 122 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 62 385 m 169 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 175 386 m 190 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 385 m 237 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 242 385 m 280 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 374 m 65 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 374 m 125 374 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 295 m 143 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 149 295 m 159 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 163 295 m 181 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 186 294 m 218 294 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 185 135 m 210 135 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 215 135 m 278 135 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 316 694 m 346 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 347 694 m 352 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 426 694 m 453 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 453 694 m 458 694 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 316 682 m 345 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 346 682 m 350 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 420 682 m 445 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 445 682 m 450 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 367 568 m 417 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 568 m 535 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 557 m 400 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 406 557 m 534 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 545 m 342 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 513 489 m 534 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 477 m 419 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 425 477 m 448 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 455 477 m 468 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 474 477 m 515 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 477 m 535 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 466 m 381 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 392 443 m 424 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 425 443 m 430 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 435 443 m 463 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 463 443 m 468 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 503 443 m 530 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 530 443 m 535 443 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 442 432 m 471 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 471 432 m 476 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 479 432 m 504 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 504 432 m 509 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 317 420 m 341 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 341 420 m 346 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 464 341 m 477 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 482 341 m 524 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 528 341 m 535 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 405 272 m 466 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 466 272 m 469 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 518 113 m 536 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 102 m 487 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 492 102 m 515 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 102 m 536 102 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 90 m 359 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 366 90 m 395 90 l S endstream endobj 614 0 obj 2941 endobj 615 0 obj << /Length 616 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 61 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 742 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 742 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 742 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 705 Tm (guessing those decisions.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 705 Tm (See) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 705 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 705 Tm (369 U.S. at 210) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 705 Tm (.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 694 Tm (It is not the province of this court to say that more) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 682 Tm (could have been done in the past, as such decisions) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 671 Tm (are in the nature of political questions committed to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 660 Tm (the Representative Branches.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 637 Tm (FN3) Tj 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 637 Tm (L) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 636 Tm (In Greek mythology, Cassandra was a) Tj 1 0 0 1 98 625 Tm (figure endowed with the gift of prophecy but) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 614 Tm (fated never to be believed.) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 591 Tm (In) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 591 Tm (conclusion,) Tj 1 0 0 1 136 591 Tm (based) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 591 Tm (on the historical record) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 580 Tm (presented here, it is clear that both during and after) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 568 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 568 Tm (Civil) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 568 Tm (War the issue of reparations to former) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 557 Tm (slaves) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 557 Tm (was one committed to the Representative) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 545 Tm (Branches of the federal government. It was the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 534 Tm (President and Congress who prosecuted the military) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 522 Tm (and political aspects of the Civil) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 522 Tm (War, ultimately) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 511 Tm (leading to the conclusion of the war. With a goal of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 500 Tm (preserving the Union and securing an acceptable and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 488 Tm (lasting peace, it again was the President and Congress) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 477 Tm (who chose to amend the Constitution and enact civil) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 466 Tm (rights legislation in an effort to provide legal equality) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 454 Tm (to) Tj 1 0 0 1 83 454 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 454 Tm (newly) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 454 Tm (freed) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 454 Tm (slaves.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 454 Tm (Although) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 268 454 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 443 Tm (Representative) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 443 Tm (Branches) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 443 Tm (decided to take this) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 431 Tm (particular course of conduct in lieu of providing) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 420 Tm (reparations to former slaves, the historical record) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 408 Tm (clearly demonstrates that the Constitution commits) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 397 Tm (this) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 397 Tm (decision to the Representative Branches.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 397 Tm (See) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 385 Tm (Alperin v. Vatican Bank,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 386 Tm (242) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 385 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 385 Tm (686, 692) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 374 Tm (\() Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 374 Tm (N.D.Cal.200\)) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 374 Tm (\(noting that "a court must consider) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 363 Tm (the totality of the circumstances in determining) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 352 Tm (whether a claim is one committed to the political) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 340 Tm (branches for resolution"\). By requiring the court to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 329 Tm (second-guess the decisions of the Representative) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 318 Tm (Branches made more than a century ago, Plaintiffs') Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 306 Tm (Complaint) Tj 1 0 0 1 116 306 Tm (presents) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 306 Tm (a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 306 Tm (non-justiciable) Tj 1 0 0 1 247 306 Tm (political) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 294 Tm (question.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 294 Tm (See) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 295 Tm (Cato,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 295 Tm (70) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 295 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 294 Tm (at 1110) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 295 Tm (\(affirming the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 283 Tm (dismissal of plaintiffs' slavery reparations complaint) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 272 Tm (on political question grounds based on Congress') Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 260 Tm (desire "to prevent judicial second guessing of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 249 Tm (legislative and administrative decisions grounded in) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 238 Tm (social, economic, and political policy through the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 227 Tm (medium of an action in tort"\) \(internal quotations and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 215 Tm (citations omitted\).) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 192 Tm (\(2\).) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 192 Tm (Judicially) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 192 Tm (Discoverable) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 192 Tm (and) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 192 Tm (Manageable) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 181 Tm (Standards) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 158 Tm (*37) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 158 Tm (There) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 158 Tm (also) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 158 Tm (exists) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 158 Tm (a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 158 Tm (lack) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 158 Tm (of "judicially) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 147 Tm (discoverable and manageable standards" for resolving) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 136 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims in this case.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 135 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 135 Tm (369 U.S. at 217) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 279 135 Tm (.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 124 Tm (Defendants argue, and the court agrees, that the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 113 Tm (historical) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 113 Tm (issues) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 113 Tm (raised in Plaintiffs') Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 113 Tm (Complaint) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 102 Tm ("involve too broad a span of conduct over too broad) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 90 Tm (an expanse of time to be susceptible to any) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 753 Tm (2) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 753 Tm (8) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 705 Tm (manageable judicial standards for resolution.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 705 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 694 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 694 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 694 Tm (Supp. of Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 694 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 694 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 694 Tm (Dismiss 1, at 35;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 682 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 682 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 682 Tm (Supp. of Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 682 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 682 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 682 Tm (Dismiss 11, at 3. As) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 671 Tm (stated in the Complaint, the relevant events took) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 659 Tm (place as far back as the year 1619.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 659 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 659 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 658 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 659 Tm (5.) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 648 Tm (Absent a political framework, the court is ill-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 636 Tm (equipped to determine many issues posed in a dispute) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 625 Tm (covering a period of almost 400 years. This includes,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 614 Tm (for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 614 Tm (example,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 614 Tm (determining) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 614 Tm (such) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 614 Tm (issues) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 614 Tm (as) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 602 Tm (consanguinity and apportionment of liability given) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 591 Tm (the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 591 Tm (multiple) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 591 Tm (generations) Tj 1 0 0 1 442 591 Tm (associated) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 591 Tm (with) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 591 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 580 Tm (litigation.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 580 Tm (See,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 580 Tm (e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 580 Tm (Eric) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 580 Tm (A. Posner and Adrian) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 568 Tm (Vermeule,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 568 Tm (Reparations) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 568 Tm (For Slavery and Other) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 557 Tm (Historical Iniustices,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 557 Tm (103 COLUM. L.REV. 689, 702) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 545 Tm (2\(003\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 545 Tm (\(discussing) Tj 1 0 0 1 409 545 Tm (the) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 545 Tm (li) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 545 Tm (mited) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 545 Tm (effect) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 546 Tm (of the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 534 Tm (restitutionary theory of reparations where the claim is) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 522 Tm (made several generations removed from the actual) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 511 Tm (wrongdoing\).) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 489 Tm (In support of their claims, Plaintiffs rely on) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 489 Tm (In re) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 477 Tm (Holocaust Victim Assets) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 477 Tm (Litig..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 477 Tm (105) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 477 Tm (F.Supp_2d) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 477 Tm (139) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 466 Tm (\(E.D.N.Y.2000\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 466 Tm (,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 466 Tm (to support their assertion that this) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 454 Tm (type of case is "extremely well suited to judicial) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 443 Tm (resolutions.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 373 443 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 443 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 443 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 443 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 443 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 443 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 443 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 443 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 431 Tm (Dismiss 1, at 30 n.47;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 432 Tm (see also) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 432 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 471 432 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 432 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 432 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 432 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 420 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 420 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 420 Tm (Dismiss 11, at 1. In the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 443 420 Tm (Holocaust Victim) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 420 Tm (case,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 408 Tm (the district court approved a class action settlement) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 397 Tm (between Holocaust victims and two leading Swiss) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 385 Tm (banks after the plaintiffs brought suit alleging, among) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 374 Tm (other things, that the defendants "collaborated with) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 363 Tm (and aided the Nazi regime in furtherance of war) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 352 Tm (crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 340 Tm (peace, slave labor and genocide.") Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 341 Tm (105) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 341 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 341 Tm (at) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 329 Tm (141. However, the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 329 Tm (Holocaust Victim) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 329 Tm (case is clearly) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 318 Tm (distinguishable from the present action because in its) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 306 Tm (Opinion, the court noted that because the settlement) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 295 Tm (was reached while the defendants' motions to dismiss) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 283 Tm (were pending, the court did not have to decide the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 272 Tm (issues raised in the) Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 272 Tm (motions. Id. a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 272 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 272 Tm (142. Thus, the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 260 Tm (Holocaust Victim) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 261 Tm (court never considered whether the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 249 Tm (issues raised in the plaintiffs' complaint implicated a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 238 Tm (non-justiciable political question.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 64 Tm (0 2005) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 64 Tm (ThomsonfWest.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 215 Tm (Moreover, although it can be argued that in certain) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 204 Tm (cases such issues similar to those presented in) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 193 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 193 Tm (Complaint are not entirely inappropriate) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 181 Tm (for judicial resolution, this case does not present such) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 170 Tm (issues. Because the events surrounding the institution) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 158 Tm (of slavery and the Civil War are so deeply rooted in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 147 Tm (our Nation's history, the issues that may appear to be) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 136 Tm (capable of judicial resolution in an ordinary case) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 124 Tm (move beyond the province of this court given the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 113 Tm (magnitude of the events that preceded them. Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 113 Tm (Nazi) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 102 Tm (Era Cases Against German Defendants) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 102 Tm (Litig.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 522 102 Tm (129) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 90 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 90 Tm (at 389) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 90 Tm (\(stating that the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 90 Tm (magnitude of) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 616 0 obj 14295 endobj 617 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 588 0 R /OP11Font1 589 0 R /OP11Font2 598 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_27 586 0 R >> >> endobj 618 0 obj [ 613 0 R 615 0 R ] endobj 619 0 obj [ 590 0 R 591 0 R 592 0 R 593 0 R 594 0 R 595 0 R 596 0 R 597 0 R 599 0 R 600 0 R 601 0 R 602 0 R 603 0 R 604 0 R 605 0 R 606 0 R 607 0 R 608 0 R 609 0 R 610 0 R 611 0 R 612 0 R ] endobj 585 0 obj << /Annots 619 0 R /Contents 618 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 617 0 R /Thumb 586 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 621 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 622 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_28 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 򈎈Z19#taf]DDDF""23DGh(Ψ>.#GE3A,DE8!Uѣ1FqtG~‡1EEpWQ莈C<t- aFPC#`RVA:H6DtCejR>}g[/ABB(Ftz xGEtaRB"(@XBCp"GFyb6쎹EA@$QO:B&yQ6O::THO:""> endobj 624 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 625 0 obj << /Length 626 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 605 m 149 605 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 605 m 169 605 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 174 605 m 192 605 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 197 604 m 226 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 230 605 m 269 605 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 274 604 m 283 604 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 593 m 107 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 112 593 m 141 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 146 593 m 210 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 216 593 m 225 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 230 593 m 272 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 277 593 m 284 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 582 m 97 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 100 582 m 132 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 137 582 m 151 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 582 m 196 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 200 582 m 228 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 231 582 m 283 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 571 m 97 571 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 570 m 138 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 144 570 m 153 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 156 570 m 188 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 194 570 m 209 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 215 570 m 256 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 262 570 m 283 570 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 67 559 m 85 559 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 90 559 m 151 559 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 263 m 391 263 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 453 206 m 517 206 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 528 206 m 538 206 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 194 m 361 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 366 195 m 392 195 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 115 m 381 115 l S endstream endobj 626 0 obj 1642 endobj 627 0 obj << /Length 628 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 756 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 744 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 744 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 732 Tm (\(N.D.IIl.\)\)) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 708 Tm (World) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 708 Tm (War II has placed plaintiffs' claims for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 696 Tm (reparations) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 696 Tm (beyond the province of judicial) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 684 Tm (determination and "into the political realm"\).) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 662 Tm (*38) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 661 Tm (Ultimately, the court is persuaded by the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 650 Tm (reasoning) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 650 Tm (adopted) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 650 Tm (by other courts that have) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 639 Tm (considered the issue in the context of reparations for) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 628 Tm (forced labor during World War II and have held that) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 616 Tm (such claims are not suitable for judicial resolution.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 605 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 605 Tm (Kelberine.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 605 Tm (363) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 605 Tm (F.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 604 Tm (at 995;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 605 Tm (Iwanowa.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 604 Tm (67) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 593 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 593 Tm (at 489;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 593 Tm (Burger-Fischer.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 593 Tm (65) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 230 593 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 593 Tm (at) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 582 Tm (283-84;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 582 Tm (Alperin,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 582 Tm (242) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 582 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 582 Tm (at 695;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 582 Tm (Anderman v.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 571 Tm (Federal) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 570 Tm (Republic) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 570 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 570 Tm (Austria,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 570 Tm (256) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 570 Tm (F.Sugp.2d) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 570 Tm (1098,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 559 Tm (1115) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 559 Tm (\(C.D.Ca1.2003\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 559 Tm (.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 559 Tm (In) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 559 Tm (Kelberine,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 559 Tm (while discussing) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 547 Tm (whether a private corporation should be liable for its) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 536 Tm (involvement in the Nazi conspiracy of 1933-45, the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 525 Tm (Appeals Court for the D.C. Circuit stated:) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 513 Tm (We are of the opinion the thesis is not presently) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 502 Tm (susceptible of judicial implementation. It may be) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 491 Tm (that the Congress might enact a program and a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 479 Tm (procedure by which the objectives prayed for could) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 468 Tm (be achieved. But we think the courts alone cannot) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 456 Tm (do it. As presently framed, the problem is not) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 445 Tm (within the established scope of judicial authority....) Tj 1 0 0 1 75 433 Tm (The span between the doing of the damage and the) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 422 Tm (application of the claimed assuagement is too) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 411 Tm (vague. The time is too long. The identity of the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 399 Tm (alleged tortfeasors is too indefinite. The procedure) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 388 Tm (sought--adjudication) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 388 Tm (of) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 388 Tm (some two hundred) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 377 Tm (thousand claims for multifarious damages inflicted) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 365 Tm (twenty to thirty years ago in a European area by a) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 354 Tm (government then in power--is too costly, to justify) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 343 Tm (undertaking) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 343 Tm (by) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 342 Tm (a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 342 Tm (court) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 342 Tm (without legislative) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 331 Tm (provision of the means wherewith to proceed....) Tj 1 0 0 1 74 319 Tm (The events, the witnesses, the guilty tortfeasors,) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 308 Tm (their) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 308 Tm (membership in the conspiracy are all so) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 297 Tm (potentially) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 297 Tm (vague at this point as to pose an) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 286 Tm (i) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 285 Tm (nsoluble problem if undertaken by the courts) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 274 Tm (without) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 274 Tm (legislative) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 274 Tm (or) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 274 Tm (executive) Tj 1 0 0 1 245 274 Tm (guidance,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 263 Tm (authorization or support. The whole concept is too) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 251 Tm (uncertain of legal validity to sustain the self-) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 240 Tm (establishment of the proceedings by a court in the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 229 Tm (absence) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 229 Tm (of specific legislative) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 227 229 Tm (or) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 229 Tm (executive) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 218 Tm (formulation.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 206 Tm (Kelberine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 206 Tm (363) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 206 Tm (F.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 206 Tm (at 995.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 183 Tm (The issues raised by the) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 183 Tm (Kelberine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 183 Tm (court, particularly) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 172 Tm (those relating to the impracticality of judicially) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 161 Tm (resolving disputes covering vast time periods and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 149 Tm (containing numerous unidentifiable tortfeasors, are) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 138 Tm (clearly present in the underlying litigation. Although) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 127 Tm (Plaintiffs attempt to distinguish the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 126 Tm (World War II) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 115 Tm (reparation cases from their case, many of the issues) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 104 Tm (raised in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 104 Tm (Kelberine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 104 Tm (and its progeny are plentiful in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 93 Tm (the underlying litigation. As such, the second) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 259 92 Tm (Baker) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 684 Tm (\(3\).) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 684 Tm (Remaining) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 684 Tm (Baker Factors) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 66 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 755 Tm (Page 29) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 707 Tm (factor also requires dismissal of Plaintiffs' Complaint.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 661 Tm (As stated above, the issues raised in Plaintiffs') Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 650 Tm (Complaint involve events that have had a significant) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 639 Tm (i) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 639 Tm (mpact on our Nation's historical development.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 639 Tm (See) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 627 Tm (infra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 627 Tm (Part II. Both during and after the Civil War, the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 616 Tm (Representative) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 616 Tm (Branches) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 616 Tm (i) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 616 Tm (mplemented) Tj 1 0 0 1 510 616 Tm (various) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 604 Tm (policies) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 604 Tm (aimed at resolving the problems and) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 593 Tm (challenges stemming from the abolition of slavery) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 582 Tm (within the United States. These policies included,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 570 Tm (among others, the enactment of several Civil Rights) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 558 Tm (Acts) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 559 Tm (and the ratification of the Civil) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 559 Tm (War) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 547 Tm (Amendments--all of which were intended to provide) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 536 Tm (legal) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 536 Tm (equality to the newly freed slaves. Even) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 525 Tm (throughout the twentieth century, the Representative) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 513 Tm (Branches continued to establish these policies by) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 502 Tm (enacting further civil rights legislation and by) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 491 Tm (i) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 491 Tm (mplementing various relief programs intended to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 479 Tm (benefit minorities--many of whom are descendants of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 468 Tm (former slaves.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 445 Tm (*39 By bringing their claims for slavery reparations) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 433 Tm (before the court, Plaintiffs require the court to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 422 Tm (criticize or question actions or decisions or policies) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 410 Tm (made by the Representative Branches over a period) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 399 Tm (spanning) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 399 Tm (more than a century. Given our) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 388 Tm (constitutional structure, policy determinations of this) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 377 Tm (type) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 377 Tm (are) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 377 Tm (for) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 377 Tm (elected) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 377 Tm (officials,) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 377 Tm (not the courts.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 365 Tm (Moreover, during and after the bloodiest war in this) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 354 Tm (country's) Tj 1 0 0 1 367 354 Tm (history,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 354 Tm (the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 354 Tm (Representative) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 354 Tm (Branches) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 342 Tm (grappled) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 342 Tm (with these issues while simultaneously) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 331 Tm (trying to conclude the war and ensure lasting peace.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 320 Tm (Allowing Plaintiffs, through private litigation, to seek) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 308 Tm (reparations for wrongs committed prior to and during) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 297 Tm (the Civil) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 297 Tm (War clearly expresses a lack of respect for) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 285 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 285 Tm (Representative) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 285 Tm (Branches and their attempted) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 274 Tm (resolution of such issues over the past century and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 263 Tm (one-half.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 263 Tm (WN321) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 263 Tm (Although Plaintiffs question the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 251 Tm (choices made by the Representative Branches and the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 240 Tm (effectiveness of these decisions in providing equality) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 229 Tm (to descendants of former slaves, the fact remains that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 217 Tm (these are political questions which the court must) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 206 Tm (decline) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 206 Tm (to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 206 Tm (determine.) Tj 79 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 206 Tm (Cf.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 453 206 Tm (Burger-Fischer.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 528 206 Tm (65) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 194 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 195 Tm (at 282) Tj 1 0 0 1 396 195 Tm (\(concluding that courts cannot re-) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 183 Tm (examine the adequacy of reparation agreements) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 172 Tm (between the United States and other World War II) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 160 Tm (combatants because doing so implicates a political) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 149 Tm (question in) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 149 Tm (which the court must decline to) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 138 Tm (intervene\).) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 115 Tm (FN32.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 115 Tm (Plaintiffs argue that President Bush) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 104 Tm (recently gave "implicit support" for their) Tj 1 0 0 1 356 92 Tm (claims in a major policy speech given on) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 628 0 obj 12460 endobj 629 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 623 0 R /OP11Font1 624 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_28 621 0 R >> >> endobj 630 0 obj [ 625 0 R 627 0 R ] endobj 631 0 obj [ ] endobj 620 0 obj << /Annots 631 0 R /Contents 630 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 629 0 R /Thumb 621 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 633 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 634 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_29 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream Dm 쭎$u ##:DG(HQ6tE%НP"2.":8">#K Z#:Aa"莈(Ј"1##6GE̻.,TւJ#DDDDDG:|Fl00#B""#)ѥ!ڄqC(FtEDv^thqhU"8h #D DDF34qFGG<]!@ BH?#h##E!pE :#:<"""" #6莍興1]F#h.E̼G( T aOt\.=3E6@E!B#!ta2U9CsDDDDF2tGF|쏗2:0 0"> E:X".Dx.!T*8$t:XDDgTG#h.:0(A!ι.{*"' + r+ @ B"""8GQmEGgLhhDx1E3FtGD@t].)x.""""""# hSL<":&;YW>!W:B/#˨ endstream endobj 634 0 obj 696 endobj 635 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 636 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 637 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 245 679 274 691 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 638 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 275 680 279 688 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 639 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 98 666 126 679 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 640 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 126 668 131 677 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 641 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 166 668 193 679 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 642 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 194 668 198 677 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 643 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 98 657 127 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 644 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 128 657 133 666 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 645 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 137 655 163 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 646 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 163 657 168 666 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 647 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 199 657 225 668 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 648 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 225 657 230 666 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 649 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 650 0 obj << /Length 651 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 245 682 m 274 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 275 682 m 279 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 98 671 m 126 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 126 671 m 131 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 166 671 m 193 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 194 671 m 198 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 98 659 m 127 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 128 659 m 133 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 137 659 m 163 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 163 659 m 168 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 199 659 m 225 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 225 659 m 230 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 217 636 m 278 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 625 m 122 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 129 625 m 144 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 150 625 m 168 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 174 625 m 235 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 625 m 279 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 116 408 m 141 408 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 146 408 m 212 408 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 81 351 m 114 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 119 352 m 124 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 131 351 m 173 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 180 351 m 194 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 199 351 m 217 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 351 m 280 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 124 294 m 237 294 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 243 294 m 257 294 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 262 294 m 280 294 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 283 m 132 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 135 283 m 174 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 170 227 m 196 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 201 226 m 207 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 214 226 m 236 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 242 226 m 280 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 215 m 132 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 202 113 m 280 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 101 m 150 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 158 101 m 172 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 101 m 197 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 205 101 m 281 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 488 m 535 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 476 m 326 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 329 477 m 387 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 393 477 m 534 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 465 m 360 465 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 389 283 m 414 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 422 283 m 495 283 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 272 m 393 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 272 m 412 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 415 272 m 433 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 437 272 m 491 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 494 272 m 532 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 260 m 340 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 344 260 m 350 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 354 260 m 380 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 385 260 m 400 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 403 260 m 421 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 260 m 491 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 494 261 m 533 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 249 m 391 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 397 249 m 412 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 416 249 m 434 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 440 249 m 475 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 480 249 m 518 249 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 90 m 535 90 l S endstream endobj 651 0 obj 3291 endobj 652 0 obj << /Length 653 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 742 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 79 741 Tm (F.Supp.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 741 Tm (2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 705 Tm (Goree Island in Senegal on July 8, 2003,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 693 Tm (where he declared that slavery was "one of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 682 Tm (the greatest crimes in history.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 682 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 682 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 682 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 671 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 671 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 671 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 671 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 671 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 670 Tm (Dismiss I, at 31;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 659 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 128 659 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 659 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 659 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 659 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 659 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 225 659 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 659 Tm (Dismiss II,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 648 Tm (at 1. Plaintiffs fail to develop this argument) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 636 Tm (or support it in any way.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 637 Tm (See) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 636 Tm (United States v.) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 625 Tm (Jones,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 625 Tm (224) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 625 Tm (F.3d) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 625 Tm (621, 626 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 625 Tm (Cir.2000\)) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 613 Tm (\(stating that courts should not consider) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 602 Tm (undeveloped or unsupported arguments\). In) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 591 Tm (any event, Plaintiffs' use of the President's) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 579 Tm (speech is not persuasive because such) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 568 Tm (statements may support the proposition that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 557 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 557 Tm (Representative) Tj 1 0 0 1 196 556 Tm (branches) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 556 Tm (of) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 556 Tm (our) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 545 Tm (government should continue their historical) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 534 Tm (efforts to advance civil rights for all citizens.) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 511 Tm (\(4\)) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 511 Tm (Efficiency and) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 511 Tm (Legitimacy) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 65 488 Tm (Principles of efficiency and legitimacy also play an) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 477 Tm (i) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 477 Tm (mportant role in the political question doctrine.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 465 Tm (Prudential limits on the exercise of power protect the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 454 Tm (separate branches of government from the potential) Tj 1 0 0 1 62 442 Tm (embarrassment of being unnecessarily overruled by) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 431 Tm (one another, and from the inherent waste that would) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 420 Tm (result from one branch conducting the business of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 408 Tm (another.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 408 Tm (See) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 408 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 408 Tm (369 U.S. at 210) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 408 Tm (.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 218 408 Tm (The drafters of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 397 Tm (the Constitution understood that various branches of) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 385 Tm (our federal government would be better equipped,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 374 Tm (more knowledgeable, and have greater resources to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 363 Tm (deal with certain specific matters than other branches.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 351 Tm (See) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 351 Tm (Saldano) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 352 Tm (v.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 351 Tm (O'Connell,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 351 Tm (322) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 351 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 351 Tm (365, 369 \(5th) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 340 Tm (Cir.2003) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 340 Tm (.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 317 Tm (For example, the drafters assigned the judicial) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 306 Tm (branch a very small role in the arena of foreign) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 294 Tm (relations.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 294 Tm (See) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 294 Tm (United States v.. Plummer,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 294 Tm (221) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 294 Tm (F.3d) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 283 Tm (1298, 1309 \(11th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 283 Tm (Cir.2000\)) Tj 1 0 0 1 178 283 Tm (\("the role of the judiciary) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 271 Tm (in foreign affairs is limited: 'Matters relating to the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 260 Tm (conduct of foreign relations ... are so exclusively) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 249 Tm (entrusted to the political branches of government as) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 238 Tm (to) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 238 Tm (be largely immune from judicial inquiry or) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 226 Tm (interference' "\) \(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 227 Tm (Roman) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 226 Tm (v.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 226 Tm (Wald,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 242 226 Tm (468 U.S.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 215 Tm (222, 242 \(1984\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 215 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 215 Tm (Issues related to foreign affairs are) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 204 Tm (thus best left to Congress, as it has the resources and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 192 Tm (tools necessary to handle foreign policy issues. The) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 181 Tm (House or Senate thus has the power to convene) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 169 Tm (hearings or conduct investigations in any foreign) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 158 Tm (relations) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 158 Tm (area.) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 158 Tm (To allow judicial intervention in) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 147 Tm (foreign) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 147 Tm (policy areas that are designated to the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 135 Tm (Representative) Tj 1 0 0 1 132 135 Tm (branch) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 135 Tm (would be an ineffective) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 124 Tm (allocation of resources, and render the Congressional) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 113 Tm (role in foreign policy moot.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 113 Tm (See) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 113 Tm (Ungaro-Benages v.) Tj 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 101 Tm (Dresdner Bank AG,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 101 Tm (379) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 101 Tm (F.3d) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 101 Tm (1227, 1235 \(11th) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 90 Tm (Cir.2004\).) Tj /OP11Font2 9 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 693 Tm (c.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 693 Tm (Conclusion) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 752 Tm (Page 30) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 670 Tm (*40 The federal court system is insulated from the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 659 Tm (political process by, in part, granting federal judges) Tj 1 0 0 1 316 648 Tm (lifetime appointments. These lifetime appointments) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 636 Tm (are thought to insure that federal judges remain) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 625 Tm (objective and neutral in their interpretation of the) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 613 Tm (law.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 602 Tm (By freeing federal judges from continuing review) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 591 Tm (by appointing authorities, conflicts of interest are) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 579 Tm (minimized.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 579 Tm (An independent judiciary is the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 568 Tm (hallmark of the constitutional state.... From an) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 556 Tm (interbranch conflict of interest perspective, this) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 545 Tm (requirement ensures that judges confine themselves) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 534 Tm (to concrete cases) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 139 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 534 Tm (and do not needlessly decide) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 522 Tm (matters that are the business of political branches.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 511 Tm (Paul) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 511 Tm (R.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 511 Tm (Verkuil,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 136 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 511 Tm (The American Constitutional) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 500 Tm (Tradition) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 500 Tm (of) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 500 Tm (Shared) Tj 149 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 500 Tm (and Separated Powers:) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 488 Tm (Separation of Powers, The Rule of Law and the Idea) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 476 Tm (of) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 477 Tm (bulependence,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 477 Tm (30 WM. & MARY L.REV. 301,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 465 Tm (308 \(1989\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 465 Tm (\(emphasis added\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 443 Tm (It is undisputed that Congress has taken the initiative) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 431 Tm (to deal with issues arising from the slave trade in the) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 420 Tm (decades after the Civil) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 420 Tm (War.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 139 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 420 Tm (See e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 420 Tm (CONG.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 408 Tm (GLOBE, 40th Cong., 1st Sess. 15, 49-56, 79, 114,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 397 Tm (147, 203-08, 304-08, 463 \(1867\) \(statements of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 385 Tm (Senator Sumner advocating land distribution to freed) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 374 Tm (slaves\).) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 374 Tm (Moreover, in recent years, Congress has) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 363 Tm (considered and rejected Representative Conyers' calls) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 352 Tm (for the establishment of a commission to study the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 340 Tm (effects) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 340 Tm (of slavery on the modern day African-) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 329 Tm (American community.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 329 Tm (See,) Tj 1 0 0 1 443 329 Tm (e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 329 Tm (H.R. 40, 108th) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 318 Tm (Cong. \(2003\), H.R. 40, 107th Cong. \(2001\). This) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 306 Tm (district court will therefore not substitute its judgment) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 294 Tm (for that of Congress on the matter of slave) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 283 Tm (reparations.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 283 Tm (See) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 283 Tm (Baker,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 283 Tm (369 U.S. at 210;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 283 Tm (see also) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 272 Tm (Kashani v. Nelson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 272 Tm (793) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 272 Tm (F.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 272 Tm (818, 827 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 272 Tm (Cir.1986\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 271 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 260 Tm (Flynn) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 260 Tm (v.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 260 Tm (Shultz,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 385 260 Tm (748) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 260 Tm (F.2d) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 260 Tm (1186, 1189 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 261 Tm (Cir.1984\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 261 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 249 Tm (Calvin v. Conlisk,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 249 Tm (520) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 249 Tm (F.2d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 249 Tm (1, 5 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 249 Tm (Cir.1975\)) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 249 Tm (\(all) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 238 Tm (emphasizing the constitutional principle of separation) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 227 Tm (of powers, and the policy of judicial self-restraint\).) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 63 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 204 Tm (It is also worthwhile in this context to again mention) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 192 Tm (that,) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 192 Tm (for the past 60 years, when the issue of) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 181 Tm (reparations has arisen in regard to other minority) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 169 Tm (groups, Congress has dealt with the issue. In 1946,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 158 Tm (Congress created the first reparations program "in) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 147 Tm (order to redress a wide range of claims pressed by) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 135 Tm (Indian tribes, including violations of treaties for) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 124 Tm (which a judicial remedy was denied, and the loss of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 113 Tm (lands under treaties signed under duress." Posner and) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 101 Tm (Vermeule,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 101 Tm (supra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 101 Tm (at) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 101 Tm (695 \(quoting) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 102 Tm (Nell Jessup) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 90 Tm (Newton,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 90 Tm (Compensation, Reparations. & Restitution:) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 653 0 obj 13196 endobj 654 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 635 0 R /OP11Font1 636 0 R /OP11Font2 649 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_29 633 0 R >> >> endobj 655 0 obj [ 650 0 R 652 0 R ] endobj 656 0 obj [ 637 0 R 638 0 R 639 0 R 640 0 R 641 0 R 642 0 R 643 0 R 644 0 R 645 0 R 646 0 R 647 0 R 648 0 R ] endobj 632 0 obj << /Annots 656 0 R /Contents 655 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 654 0 R /Thumb 633 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 658 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 659 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_30 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream #hfDuΈ1yGF} ;/:#:1DtQˢ( Љt_pRD )B&d9N{*xA""1A4h"#'EфaDta2>G3KPeAq Ċu53t#fDD B pE"DDDf#>gG38(kUQ"o#$ E3EDDDDqs7t]DtGGeZ)DDD T'G:>戎 jGBb8DDb""26c4A$tq0+(pL!) >GFtldz""!J|GQ|#$">GEDDD4AqKRtGEٴn#ф|# aBB((Q%*V`SDGGъYN """2h9GDta(Xc@D%b$;#0.",&|"qQ#s_3GTGGL L!Ʉaќm D| ͢>aDDDKy0>a";9DDCF"#3GRqa.De"]ڂDd<1GDtGˣDDDDDDDrѼ#:."""# endstream endobj 659 0 obj 745 endobj 660 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 661 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 662 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://FLA.ST.U.L.REV.503) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 66 499 165 510 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 663 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://FLA.ST.U.L.REV.503) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 166 499 170 510 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 664 0 obj << /Length 665 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 707 m 92 707 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 96 707 m 131 707 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 135 706 m 249 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 254 706 m 283 706 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 695 m 180 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 660 m 283 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 649 m 240 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 248 649 m 283 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 638 m 177 638 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 214 535 m 282 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 524 m 284 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 512 m 232 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 239 512 m 265 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 273 512 m 283 512 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 66 501 m 165 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 166 501 m 170 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 173 501 m 199 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 421 m 148 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 153 421 m 219 421 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 192 125 m 282 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 114 m 119 114 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 154 103 m 211 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 419 705 m 465 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 520 682 m 538 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 671 m 342 671 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 420 660 m 481 660 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 372 614 m 536 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 580 m 435 580 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 471 489 m 537 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 478 m 376 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 383 478 m 498 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 466 m 454 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 462 466 m 538 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 324 455 m 349 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 350 398 m 426 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 433 398 m 535 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 341 m 537 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 330 m 329 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 333 330 m 351 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 330 m 412 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 416 330 m 455 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 261 m 485 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 490 261 m 538 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 406 204 m 431 204 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 435 204 m 440 204 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 445 205 m 475 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 480 205 m 495 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 498 204 m 517 204 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 205 m 538 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 193 m 354 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 358 193 m 396 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 454 159 m 538 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 148 m 473 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 480 148 m 493 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 498 148 m 516 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 148 m 538 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 137 m 353 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 136 m 395 136 l S endstream endobj 665 0 obj 2890 endobj 666 0 obj << /Length 667 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 743 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509 \(N.D.Ill.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 707 Tm (Indian) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 707 Tm (Property) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 706 Tm (Claims in the United States.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 254 706 Tm (28 GA.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 695 Tm (L.REV. 453, 468 \(1993\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 694 Tm (.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 695 Tm (In addition, in 1988,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 683 Tm (Congress authorized payment to Japanese-Americans) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 672 Tm (interred) Tj 1 0 0 1 107 672 Tm (during) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 672 Tm (World) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 672 Tm (War II.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 672 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 672 Tm (Eric) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 672 Tm (K.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 661 Tm (Yamamoto,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 660 Tm (Racial Reparations: Japanese American) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 649 Tm (Redress and African American Claims.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 649 Tm (40 B.C.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 638 Tm (L.REV. 477,477-78 \(1998\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 638 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 615 Tm (In sum, the issues raised in Plaintiffs' Complaint are) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 603 Tm (more properly addressed by Congress and state) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 592 Tm (legislatures.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 119 592 Tm (The question of slave reparations, and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 581 Tm (reparations for other historic injustices perpetrated on) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 569 Tm (minority groups, has been addressed numerous times) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 558 Tm (by various legislative branches of our government.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 547 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 546 Tm (H.R. 40, 108th Cong. \(2003\), H.R. 40, 107th) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 535 Tm (Cong. \(2001\); C. Jeanne Bassett,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 214 535 Tm (House Bill 591:) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 524 Tm (Florida Compensates Rosewood Victims and Their) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 512 Tm (Families for a Seventy-One-Year-Old) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 512 Tm (Iniury.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 273 512 Tm (22) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 501 Tm (FLA. ST. U.L. REV. 50) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 501 Tm (3) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 501 Tm (\(1994\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 501 Tm (\(explaining how the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 489 Tm (Florida legislature passed a bill granting reparations) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 478 Tm (to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 478 Tm (African-American victims, and their descendants,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 467 Tm (of the 1923 Rosewood, Florida massacre\). Most) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 456 Tm (i) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 456 Tm (mportantly,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 455 Tm (however,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 455 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 455 Tm (Complaint) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 444 Tm (i) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 444 Tm (mplicates all of the factors established by the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (Supreme Court identifying a non justiciable political) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 421 Tm (question.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 421 Tm (See) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 421 Tm (Baker.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 421 Tm (369 U.S. at 217) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 421 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 421 Tm (As such, each) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 410 Tm (Baker) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 410 Tm (factor provides a separate and independent) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 398 Tm (basis for the court to dismiss Plaintiffs' Complaint) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 387 Tm (under the well-settled political question doctrine.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 387 Tm (See) Tj 78 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 353 Tm (B. Failure to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 353 Tm (State) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 353 Tm (a Claim Upon Which Relief) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 341 Tm (Can be Granted) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 319 Tm (*41 As discussed) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 319 Tm (infra,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 318 Tm (Part IV, A.1., one of the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 307 Tm (fundamental defects of Plaintiffs' Complaint is lack) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 296 Tm (of standing, as the Complaint fails to allege any) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 285 Tm (constitutionally) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 284 Tm (cognizable injury that is fairly) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 273 Tm (traceable to Defendants. As an additional argument in) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 262 Tm (support of dismissal, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 250 Tm (Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 239 Tm (be granted.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 239 Tm (Although the court has dispositively) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 228 Tm (determined that Plaintiffs lack standing to bring the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 216 Tm (claims raised in their Complaint, and that these) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 205 Tm (claims present a non justiciable political question,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (with an abundance of caution, the court will next) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 182 Tm (determine whether the Complaint fails to state a) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 171 Tm (claim upon which relief can be granted as an) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 160 Tm (independent basis for dismissal.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 137 Tm (The sufficiency of a complaint may be tested in a) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 126 Tm (number of ways pursuant to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 125 Tm (Federal Rule of Civil) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 114 Tm (Procedure 12) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 114 Tm (:) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 114 Tm (a motion to dismiss for failure to state) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 103 Tm (a claim pursuant to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 103 Tm (Rule 12\(b\)\(6\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 102 Tm (;) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 102 Tm (a) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 102 Tm (motion for a) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 91 Tm (more definite statement of a vague or ambiguous) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 65 Tm ( 2005) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 65 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 1 0 0 1 277 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 753 Tm (3) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 535 753 Tm (1) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 706 Tm (complaint pursuant to) Tj 1 0 0 1 419 705 Tm (Rule 12\(e\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 705 Tm (;) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 705 Tm (or a motion to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 694 Tm (strike) Tj 1 0 0 1 355 694 Tm (redundant,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 694 Tm (i) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 694 Tm (mmaterial,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 694 Tm (i) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 694 Tm (mpertinent,) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 530 694 Tm (or) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 683 Tm (scandalous matter in a complaint pursuant to) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 682 Tm (Rule) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 671 Tm (12\(f\).) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 671 Tm (In this) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 671 Tm (matter,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 419 671 Tm (Defendants have elected to) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 660 Tm (proceed pursuant to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 660 Tm (Rule 12\(b\)\(6\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 482 660 Tm (,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 660 Tm (challenging) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 648 Tm (whether Plaintiffs' Complaint states a claim upon) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 637 Tm (which relief can be granted.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 614 Tm (Pursuant to) Tj 1 0 0 1 372 614 Tm (Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8\(a\)\(2\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 537 614 Tm (,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 603 Tm (a complaint must contain "a short and plain statement) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 591 Tm (of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 580 Tm (relief.") Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 580 Tm (Fed.R.Civ.P. 8\(a\)\(2\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 580 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 580 Tm (see also Leatherman v.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 569 Tm (Tarrant) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 569 Tm (County) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 569 Tm (Narcotics) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 568 Tm (Intelligence) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 568 Tm (and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 557 Tm (Coordination) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 557 Tm (Unit,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 557 Tm (507) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 557 Tm (U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 557 Tm (162,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 557 Tm (168 \(1993\)) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 546 Tm (\(discussing "notice pleading" standards under the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 534 Tm (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure\). Under this liberal) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 523 Tm (notice pleading standard, " '[a] court may dismiss a) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 512 Tm (complaint only if it is clear that no relief could be) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 500 Tm (granted under any set of facts that could be proved) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 489 Tm (consistent) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 489 Tm (with the allegations.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 489 Tm (Swierkiewicz v.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 478 Tm (Sorema N.A..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 478 Tm (534 U.S. 506, 514 \(2002\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 477 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 466 Tm (Hishon v. King & Spaulding,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 466 Tm (467 U.S. 69, 73) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 455 Tm (1\(984\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 455 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 432 Tm (The main function to be performed by the complaint) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 420 Tm (is to "give the defendant fair notice of what the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (plaintiffs claim is and the grounds upon which it) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 398 Tm (rests.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 398 Tm (Conlev v. Gibson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 398 Tm (355 U.S. 41, 47 \(1957\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 536 398 Tm (.) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 386 Tm (") Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 386 Tm (While federal notice-pleading allows for a generous) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 375 Tm (reading of a complaint, in order to resist a motion to) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (dismiss, the complaint must at least set out facts) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 352 Tm (sufficient to 'outline or adumbrate' the basis of the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (claim.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 341 Tm (Panaras v. Liauid Carbonic Industries Corp.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 330 Tm (74) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 330 Tm (F.3d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 330 Tm (786, 792 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 330 Tm (Cir.1996\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 330 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 330 Tm (The Federal Rules) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 318 Tm (of Civil Procedure require the plaintiff to disclose) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 307 Tm (adequate information regarding the basis of the claim) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 295 Tm (for relief as distinguished from a bare averment that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 284 Tm (the plaintiff wants relief and is simply entitled to it.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 273 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 273 Tm (5 Charles Allen Wright & Arthur R. Miller,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 261 Tm (Federal Practice and Procedure: Civil) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 261 Tm (2d 1202) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 250 Tm (\(2d) Tj 1 0 0 1 343 250 Tm (ed.1990\).) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 250 Tm (A complaint contains adequate) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 239 Tm (information regarding the basis of the claim for relief) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 227 Tm (if it contains even "the bare minimum facts necessary) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 216 Tm (to put the defendant on notice of the claim so that he) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 205 Tm (can file an answer.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 406 204 Tm (Higgs) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 204 Tm (v.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 205 Tm (Carver,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 480 205 Tm (286) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 204 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 205 Tm (437,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 193 Tm (439 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 193 Tm (Cir.2002\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 193 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 193 Tm (To provide a defendant with fair) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 182 Tm (notice, "a complaint must allege facts bearing on all) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 170 Tm (material elements necessary to sustain a recovery) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (under some viable legal theory.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 454 159 Tm (Looper Maintenance) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 148 Tm (Service, Inc. v. City of Indianapolis,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 148 Tm (197) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 148 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 148 Tm (908,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 137 Tm (911 \(7th) Tj 1 0 0 1 356 136 Tm (Cir.1999\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 136 Tm (\(citation omitted\).) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 114 Tm (*42) Tj 1 0 0 1 346 114 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 114 Tm (claim that) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 114 Tm (Defendants illegally) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 102 Tm (profited from slavery without identifying the act or) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (acts claimed to support this broad charge. This is) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 667 0 obj 13510 endobj 668 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 660 0 R /OP11Font1 661 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_30 658 0 R >> >> endobj 669 0 obj [ 664 0 R 666 0 R ] endobj 670 0 obj [ 662 0 R 663 0 R ] endobj 657 0 obj << /Annots 670 0 R /Contents 669 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 668 0 R /Thumb 658 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 672 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 673 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_31 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream i":.>GQ2:1:#86eD0M B""1#uFh#4GB](B#IDFiDtGFDtH莋:#:#:`Q.$b"""""""$u)BFGDm@rDE:fu YGD|9aT"#&."""#$fEdtGE6B,aFGQ@Dc3Ǒ#:.D#:hDHBqjHB,&P9ܡG"6s4Ј`D I":9G#8:.Gg+&ԂqǑ"fuNDbF>]:8L PH/jQEYF@[8Vʳx* B""""#Ȉˢ:#ȏQA I RPY>GDvc#6"(rB#"#e3F<" yDuUq ,DDDfyf2>iFʛ9DDDDAѐ4jB3R.a";!'(hDHd""E:0EDDDFiGGYHфGF#hDDda$vc#0q2:#x7,DDDDDDsD]Fȏ"]FP!Ιatc.莌#"""""#DtGEu endstream endobj 673 0 obj 750 endobj 674 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 675 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 676 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 677 0 obj << /Length 678 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 164 693 m 190 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 693 m 210 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 214 693 m 232 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 237 693 m 263 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 522 m 281 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 511 m 92 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 97 511 m 111 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 114 510 m 133 510 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 136 511 m 191 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 511 m 233 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 240 238 m 281 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 226 m 108 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 226 m 130 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 137 226 m 155 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 163 226 m 234 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 226 m 279 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 203 m 185 203 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 191 203 m 205 203 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 210 203 m 228 203 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 232 204 m 281 204 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 192 m 80 192 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 90 192 m 128 192 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 101 m 273 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 278 101 m 282 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 89 m 83 89 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 88 90 m 146 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 151 90 m 189 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 682 m 371 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 376 682 m 411 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 417 682 m 420 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 432 682 m 434 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 440 682 m 467 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 471 637 m 536 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 625 m 343 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 350 625 m 364 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 370 625 m 389 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 625 m 455 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 461 625 m 499 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 508 625 m 536 625 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 613 m 467 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 471 614 m 514 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 518 614 m 536 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 602 m 391 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 602 m 434 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 441 602 m 482 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 487 602 m 516 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 603 m 535 603 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 591 m 335 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 339 591 m 396 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 400 591 m 438 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 433 534 m 498 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 534 m 536 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 329 522 m 363 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 477 m 412 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 421 477 m 512 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 477 m 536 477 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 465 m 359 465 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 465 m 407 465 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 411 466 m 414 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 414 466 m 483 466 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 456 352 m 536 352 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 340 m 391 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 396 340 m 410 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 414 340 m 432 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 436 341 m 492 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 495 341 m 534 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 329 m 348 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 353 329 m 358 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 363 329 m 403 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 408 329 m 423 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 427 329 m 455 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 459 330 m 536 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 408 238 m 439 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 443 238 m 457 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 460 238 m 478 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 481 238 m 505 238 l S endstream endobj 678 0 obj 3783 endobj 679 0 obj << /Length 680 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 63 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 741 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 741 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 729 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 705 Tm (i) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 705 Tm (nsufficient to state a claim even under liberal notice-) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 693 Tm (pleading standards.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 693 Tm (See) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 164 693 Tm (Higgs,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 693 Tm (286) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 693 Tm (F.3d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 693 Tm (at 439) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 693 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 693 Tm (As) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 682 Tm (already indicated,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 682 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 682 Tm (Complaint fails to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 670 Tm (connect any alleged injury of any one of the Plaintiffs) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 659 Tm (or their ancestors to alleged conduct by any one of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 647 Tm (the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 647 Tm (Defendants) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 647 Tm (or) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 647 Tm (their) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 188 648 Tm (predecessors.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 648 Tm (Rather,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 636 Tm (Plaintiffs seek to hold Defendants liable for an entire) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 624 Tm (era) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 86 624 Tm (of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 624 Tm (history) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 624 Tm (simply) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 625 Tm (because their alleged) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 613 Tm (predecessors) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 613 Tm (were purportedly doing business in) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 602 Tm (nineteenth century America. Plaintiffs' Complaint can) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 590 Tm (be reduced to the following syllogism: Defendants or) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 579 Tm (their predecessors allegedly profited from the unpaid) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (labor of former slaves, and Plaintiffs are descendants) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 556 Tm (of former slaves, therefore, Plaintiffs are entitled to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 545 Tm (some of Defendants' profits. However, the allegations) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 534 Tm (in a complaint must be those relating to the plaintiff,) Tj 1 0 0 1 63 522 Tm (not those of someone else.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 522 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 522 Tm (Kyle v. Morton High) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 511 Tm (School,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 511 Tm (144) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 510 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 511 Tm (448, 455 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 511 Tm (Cir.1998\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 510 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 511 Tm (The broad) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 499 Tm (allegations) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 499 Tm (of Plaintiffs') Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 499 Tm (Complaint fail to give) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 488 Tm (Defendants fair notice of what conduct is alleged to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 476 Tm (have injured which persons, in what manner, and) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 465 Tm (when over the past four centuries covered in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 453 Tm (Complaint.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 431 Tm (In light of this omission failing to link any alleged) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 420 Tm (conduct of Defendants or their alleged predecessors) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 408 Tm (to Plaintiffs or their ancestors, Plaintiffs' Complaint) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 397 Tm (relies in part on a conspiracy theory. Plaintiffs') Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 385 Tm (Complaint alleges that Defendants or their alleged) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 374 Tm (predecessors) Tj 1 0 0 1 126 374 Tm (conspired) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 374 Tm (with) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 206 374 Tm (certain) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 374 Tm (unnamed) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 362 Tm (malefactors to violate the legal rights of certain) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 351 Tm (unnamed victims--presumably all persons held in) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 340 Tm (slavery--and thus are somehow liable based on a) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 328 Tm (theory of third-party liability.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 329 Tm (However, Plaintiffs') Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 317 Tm (Complaint fails to allege even the faintest outline of) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 306 Tm (this) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 89 306 Tm (conspiracy,) Tj 1 0 0 1 146 306 Tm (let) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 306 Tm (alone) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 306 Tm (its) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 306 Tm (members and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 294 Tm (Defendants', or their predecessors', alleged roles in) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 283 Tm (that conspiracy. Even under liberal notice pleading) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 271 Tm (standards, the pleading of a conspiracy requires a) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 260 Tm (plaintiff to "indicate the parties, general purposes,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 249 Tm (and approximate date, so that the defendant has) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 237 Tm (notice of what he is charged with.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 238 Tm (Walker v.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 226 Tm (Thompson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 226 Tm (288) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 226 Tm (F.3d) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 163 226 Tm (1005, 1007 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 226 Tm (Cir.2002\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 226 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 215 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 215 Tm (conspiracy theory is similar to that in) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 203 Tm (Albiero v. City of Kankakee,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 203 Tm (122) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 203 Tm (F.3d) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 204 Tm (417, 420-21) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 192 Tm (\(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 90 192 Tm (Cir.1997\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 192 Tm (,) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 192 Tm (where the plaintiffs alleged a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 181 Tm (conspiracy, but did not elaborate or provide any other) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 169 Tm (allegations to support the conspiracy.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 146 Tm (Plaintiffs' SCAC also brings two new common law) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 135 Tm (claims--replevin and negligent infliction of emotional) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 124 Tm (distress. Replevin is a cause of action "which lies to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 112 Tm (gain possession of) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 112 Tm (personal chattels) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 113 Tm (which have been) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 101 Tm (taken from the plaintiff unlawfully.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 101 Tm (In re Braun,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 101 Tm (3) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 89 Tm (F.2d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 88 90 Tm (247, 249 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 90 Tm (Cir.1924\)) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 90 Tm (\(emphasis added\). In) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 705 Tm (other) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 705 Tm (words, replevin actions seek the return of) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 694 Tm (tangible items to their rightful owner.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 694 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 694 Tm (66) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 682 Tm (AMJUR. 2d) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 682 Tm (Replevin) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 682 Tm () Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 682 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 682 Tm (\(2004\)) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 682 Tm (\("Replevin is a) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 671 Tm (remedy stemming from the common law and it is a) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 659 Tm (proceeding by which the owner or one who has an) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 648 Tm (interest in a chattel taken or detained seeks to recover) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 636 Tm (possession of the chattel"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 434 636 Tm (see also) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 637 Tm (Smith v. United) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 625 Tm (States.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 625 Tm (293) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 625 Tm (F.3d) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 625 Tm (984, 987 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 461 625 Tm (Cir.2002\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 625 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 625 Tm (Ruslan) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 613 Tm (Shipping Corp. v. Coscol Petroleum) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 614 Tm (Corp., 635) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 614 Tm (F.2d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 602 Tm (648, 650 n.5 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 602 Tm (Cir.1980\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 602 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 602 Tm (Phillips v.) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 602 Tm (Money.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 603 Tm (503) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 591 Tm (F.2d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 339 591 Tm (990, 993 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 591 Tm (Cir.1974\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 591 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 591 Tm (In this case, Plaintiffs) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 579 Tm (identify no specific, tangible items that have been) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 568 Tm (taken or detained by Defendants.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 458 568 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 568 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font2 13 Tf 64 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 568 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 568 Tm (290.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 557 Tm (To the extent that Plaintiffs seek the return of money) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 545 Tm (from Defendants, such recovery is generally not) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 534 Tm (allowed under replevin.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 534 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 534 Tm (66 AMJUR. 2d) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 534 Tm (Replevin) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 522 Tm (9 \(2004\)) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 522 Tm (\("Money is not subject to replevin unless) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 511 Tm (it is) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 511 Tm (marked or designated in some manner so as to) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 500 Tm (become specific, as it regards the power of) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 488 Tm (identification, such as being in a bag or package"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 477 Tm (see) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 477 Tm (also) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 477 Tm (Daenzer v.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 421 477 Tm (Wayland Ford, Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 477 Tm (193) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 465 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 465 Tm (1030, 1041) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 466 Tm (\() Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 466 Tm (W.D.Mich.2002\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 466 Tm (\("replevin is) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 454 Tm (an action used to effect the return of the subject) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 443 Tm (property taken, not for the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 443 Tm (return) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 443 Tm (of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 443 Tm (money"\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (Plaintiffs' new count of Replevin therefore fails to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 420 Tm (state a claim upon which relief could be granted.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 421 Tm (See) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (Looper,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 409 Tm (197) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 409 Tm (F.3d) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 409 Tm (at 911.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 386 Tm (*43 Claims of negligent infliction of emotional) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 374 Tm (distress can only succeed if the plaintiff can establish) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 363 Tm (that) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 363 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 362 363 Tm (defendant) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 363 Tm (owed plaintiff a particular,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 352 Tm (identifiable, duty of care.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 352 Tm (See) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 352 Tm (Schrott v.. Bristol-) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 340 Tm (Myers Squibb Co.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 340 Tm (403) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 340 Tm (F.3d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 341 Tm (940, 944 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 341 Tm (Cir.2005\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 535 341 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 329 Tm (Corgan) Tj 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 329 Tm (v.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 329 Tm (Muehling.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 329 Tm (574) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 329 Tm (N.E.2d) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 459 330 Tm (602, 606 \(111.1991\)) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 318 Tm (\(finding that a psychologist owed his client such a) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 306 Tm (duty of care\). In this case, Plaintiffs fail to allege any) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 295 Tm (facts) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 295 Tm (from) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 295 Tm (which the court could) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 295 Tm (find) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 295 Tm (that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 283 Tm (Defendants' pre-civil war actions breached any duty) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 272 Tm (of care to the present day Plaintiffs. Plaintiffs' new) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 261 Tm (count of negligent infliction of emotional distress) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 249 Tm (therefore fails to state a claim upon which relief) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 238 Tm (could be granted.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 238 Tm (See) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 238 Tm (Looper,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 238 Tm (197) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 460 238 Tm (F.3d) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 238 Tm (at 911) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 238 Tm (.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 63 Tm (0 2005) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 63 Tm (Thomson/West.) Tj 1 0 0 1 277 64 Tm (No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 753 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 531 753 Tm (2) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 215 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 215 Tm (also,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 215 Tm (in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 215 Tm (their) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 216 Tm (SCAC, include new) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 204 Tm (allegations that certain Defendants made "intentional) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 192 Tm (misrepresentations") Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 193 Tm (in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 193 Tm (connection) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 193 Tm (with) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 193 Tm (alleged) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 181 Tm (violations of various state consumer protection laws.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 170 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font2 13 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 170 Tm (17) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 170 Tm (227-256. Plaintiffs, however, still fail to) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 159 Tm (allege a specific, concrete harm or an ascertainable) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (loss as a result of Defendants' alleged violations of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 135 Tm (these statutes.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 136 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 136 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font2 13 Tf 64 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 136 Tm (9) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 439 136 Tm (104 \("Some or all of the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 124 Tm (Plaintiffs are presently consumers of defendants. Due) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 113 Tm (to the unconscionable, fraudulent and deceptive) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 101 Tm (public) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 102 Tm (communications) Tj 1 0 0 1 436 102 Tm (made) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 102 Tm (by) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 102 Tm (defendants,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 90 Tm (plaintiffs) Tj 1 0 0 1 365 90 Tm (suffered) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 90 Tm (the) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 90 Tm (harm of being misled,) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 680 0 obj 15445 endobj 681 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 674 0 R /OP11Font1 675 0 R /OP11Font2 676 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_31 672 0 R >> >> endobj 682 0 obj [ 677 0 R 679 0 R ] endobj 683 0 obj [ ] endobj 671 0 obj << /Annots 683 0 R /Contents 682 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 681 0 R /Thumb 672 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 685 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 686 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_32 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream <È($}Q1>GExFلGDKP>dv]GyB""#4EȎqE|#z,8A r(H4Zʪ# aP# #4 DDDDDd8]DtmFM2/E#>m菑ձzL ,DDDDDG4D菑ѴPi!d| HF$uN!&k'F":&"]M興|G"񸏟˨A4qeFB"#DsѴ#(S8c#>aEDz!PL!lduDDDDDFj莈>h"*!*tGˣT#jg,ryFB"")Dfh.|.a;#;#xhacH .GmGAEDDhDD]\aK!#xGF R@ Gфn1:L";#GtGFj!#G""#3Evs#6qF8D@Db"""3DGG>GG:tH#"%iaDgTGFt]iX!A2"2##0莏#EAFԎ 9C1tGF2G3h]qDDhF"% H͢菑|1D|1ʈ쎋 endstream endobj 686 0 obj 742 endobj 687 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 688 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 689 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Time.L.L.C.725) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 258 519 279 530 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 690 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Time.L.L.C.725) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 63 508 87 519 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 691 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Time.L.L.C.725) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 94 508 104 519 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 692 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Time.L.L.C.725) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 104 508 108 519 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 693 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 349 588 359 599 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 694 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 364 588 369 597 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 695 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 369 588 372 598 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 696 0 obj << /Length 697 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 568 m 95 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 568 m 109 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 118 568 m 186 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 568 m 204 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 213 568 m 243 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 250 568 m 262 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 271 568 m 280 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 557 m 65 557 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 556 m 108 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 556 m 266 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 271 556 m 279 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 545 m 70 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 71 545 m 92 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 545 m 121 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 132 545 m 146 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 159 545 m 218 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 232 545 m 262 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 274 545 m 279 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 534 m 106 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 109 534 m 136 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 140 534 m 156 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 160 534 m 174 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 178 533 m 219 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 534 m 280 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 522 m 64 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 522 m 99 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 522 m 252 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 258 522 m 279 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 63 511 m 87 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 94 511 m 104 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 104 511 m 108 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 115 511 m 138 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 144 511 m 182 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 190 511 m 261 511 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 173 396 m 198 396 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 203 397 m 281 397 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 385 m 88 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 95 385 m 110 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 385 m 214 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 221 385 m 278 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 167 328 m 192 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 197 328 m 227 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 233 328 m 239 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 328 m 260 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 267 328 m 281 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 317 m 105 317 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 111 317 m 234 317 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 238 317 m 278 317 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 83 215 m 168 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 174 215 m 183 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 188 215 m 223 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 228 215 m 281 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 203 m 139 203 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 185 192 m 281 192 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 181 m 79 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 87 180 m 105 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 113 181 m 176 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 184 181 m 222 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 440 682 m 460 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 466 682 m 480 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 484 682 m 503 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 507 682 m 532 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 349 590 m 359 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 364 591 m 369 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 369 591 m 372 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 376 591 m 392 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 499 m 375 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 238 m 484 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 238 m 536 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 226 m 414 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 420 227 m 536 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 323 215 m 345 215 l S endstream endobj 697 0 obj 3574 endobj 698 0 obj << /Length 699 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 62 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 741 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 741 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 730 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 705 Tm (confused, and deceived about the roles the defendants) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 693 Tm (played in the enslavement of African people"\);) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 682 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 682 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 682 Tm (106 \("Some or all of the Plaintiffs have) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 670 Tm (suffered the harm of being unconscionably denied the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 659 Tm (benefits of a competitive market for the goods and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 648 Tm (services they purchase from defendants"\); SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 66 Tz 1 0 0 1 268 646 Tm (y[) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 275 646 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 63 636 Tm (321, 331, 339, 348, 357, 365 \(alleging that these) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 625 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 625 Tm (caused "monetary and other) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 613 Tm (economic damages to Plaintiffs"\). Plaintiffs thus fail) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 602 Tm (to state a claim upon which relief can be granted) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 590 Tm (under the state consumer protection statutes of New) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 579 Tm (York,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 579 Tm (Texas, Illinois, and Louisiana.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 239 579 Tm (See,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 579 Tm (e.g.,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (Stutrnan) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 568 Tm (v.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 568 Tm (Chemical Bank,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 568 Tm (95) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 568 Tm (N.Y.2d) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 568 Tm (24,) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 568 Tm (29) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 557 Tm (\() Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 556 Tm (N.Y.2000\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 556 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 556 Tm (Chandler v. Gene Messer Ford, Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 556 Tm (81) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 545 Tm (S.) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 545 Tm (W.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 545 Tm (493,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 545 Tm (501) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 545 Tm (\(Tx.App.2002\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 545 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 545 Tm (Jenkins) Tj 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 545 Tm (v.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 534 Tm (Mercantile) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 534 Tm (Mortg.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 534 Tm (Co.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 534 Tm (231) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 533 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 534 Tm (737, 747 \(N.D) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 522 Tm (.) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 522 Tm (111.2002\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 522 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 522 Tm (Inka's S'Coolwear, Inc. v. School) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 522 Tm (Time.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 511 Tm (L.L.C.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 94 511 Tm (72) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 511 Tm (5) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 511 Tm (So.2d) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 511 Tm (496, 501) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 511 Tm (\(Laft.App.1998\)) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 268 511 Tm (\(all) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 499 Tm (i) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 499 Tm (ndicating that plaintiffs must have suffered actual,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 488 Tm (ascertainable damages in order to sue under state) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 476 Tm (consumer protection statutes\).) Tj 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 454 Tm (In) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 454 Tm (addition,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 454 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 454 Tm (fail) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 194 454 Tm (to) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 454 Tm (allege that any) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 443 Tm (Defendant made any allegedly false representation to) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 431 Tm (a Plaintiff regarding a specific product or service;) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 420 Tm (Plaintiffs thus fail to state a claim under Illinois') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 408 Tm (deceptive) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 408 Tm (advertising) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 408 Tm (and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 408 Tm (misleading) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 261 408 Tm (trade) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 396 Tm (identification statute.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 397 Tm (See) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 396 Tm (Lynch) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 397 Tm (Ford. Inc. v. Ford) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 385 Tm (Motor) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 95 385 Tm (Co.,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 385 Tm (957 F.Supp. 142, 147) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 385 Tm (\(N.D.I11.1997\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 279 385 Tm (.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 374 Tm (Plaintiffs also fail to allege any commercial practice) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 362 Tm (with the capacity to mislead any Plaintiff regarding) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 351 Tm (identifiable products or services; Plaintiffs thus fail to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 340 Tm (state a claim under New Jersey's state consumer) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 328 Tm (protection statutes.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 328 Tm (See) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 167 328 Tm (Island) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 328 Tm (Mortgs.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 328 Tm (v.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 328 Tm (3M) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 267 328 Tm (373) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 317 Tm (N.J.Super.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 317 Tm (172, 177 \(N.J.Super. Ct. Law) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 317 Tm (Div.2004\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 280 317 Tm (.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 306 Tm (Finally,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 306 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 306 Tm (allegations) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 306 Tm (as) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 306 Tm (outlined) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 306 Tm (in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 294 Tm (paragraphs 227-256 of the SCAC indicate only that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 283 Tm (Defendants have responded publicly to Plaintiffs') Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 271 Tm (claims.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 271 Tm (The making of these public statements in) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 260 Tm (response to a lawsuit is simply not "immoral,) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 249 Tm (unethical, oppressive, unscrupulous or substantially) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 237 Tm (injurious to consumers;" Plaintiffs thus fail to state a) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 226 Tm (claim under California's consumer protection statutes.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 215 Tm (See) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 215 Tm (Wolfe v. State Farm,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 215 Tm (46) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 188 215 Tm (Cal.App.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 215 Tm (4th 554, 561) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 203 Tm (\(Cal.Ct.App.1996\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 203 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 203 Tm (The) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 203 Tm (court) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 204 Tm (therefore dismisses all) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 192 Tm (of these state law claims.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 192 Tm (See) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 192 Tm (Goetzke v. Ferro Corn..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 181 Tm (280) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 180 Tm (F.3d) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 113 181 Tm (766, 779 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 181 Tm (Cir.2002\)) Tj 1 0 0 1 231 181 Tm (\("If) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 181 Tm (a state) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 169 Tm (substantive law has denied a plaintiff a remedy for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 158 Tm (his cause of action, the district court must dismiss the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 146 Tm (complaint for failure to state a claim upon which) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 135 Tm (relief may be granted"\).) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 112 Tm (*44 Plaintiffs' Complaint in its entirety thus fails to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 101 Tm (meet the notice pleading requirements set forth in the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 90 Tm (Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. "This is not a case) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 705 Tm (where the plaintiff has been tripped up by 'mere) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 693 Tm (technicalities,' but rather, the plaintiff has omitted the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 682 Tm (gravamen of his complaint.") Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 682 Tm (Kyle.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 682 Tm (144) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 682 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 682 Tm (at 457) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 682 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 670 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 670 Tm (Complaint is a pastiche of the generally) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 659 Tm (acknowledged horrors of slavery, totally devoid of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 648 Tm (allegations of concrete, specific, ascertainable injury) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 636 Tm (to the Plaintiffs or corresponding conduct committed) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 625 Tm (by Defendants. "This glaring gap in the complaint) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 613 Tm (leaves total speculation as the only alternative for the) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 602 Tm (court to come up with any set of facts justifying) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 590 Tm (relief.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 349 590 Tm (Id.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 591 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 591 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 591 Tm (454.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 397 591 Tm (Defendants cannot be deemed to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 579 Tm (have fair notice of Plaintiffs' claims when they are) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 568 Tm (based solely on speculation. Further, the court cannot) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 556 Tm (indulge this speculation and attempt to determine) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 545 Tm (whether Plaintiffs' Complaint could set forth any set) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 534 Tm (of facts justifying relief, as "[t]hat is not the court's) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 522 Tm (job." Id. In short, Plaintiffs fail to present a well-) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 511 Tm (pleaded complaint that can withstand scrutiny under) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 499 Tm (Rule 12\(b\)\(6\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 499 Tm (,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 499 Tm (even under liberal notice pleading) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 488 Tm (standards.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 465 Tm (C. Statutes of Limitations) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 443 Tm (As an additional argument in support of dismissal,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 431 Tm (Defendants argue that Plaintiffs' claims are time-) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 420 Tm (barred by operation of various statutes of limitations.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 408 Tm (Once again, although the court has dispositively) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 397 Tm (determined that Plaintiffs lack standing to bring the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 385 Tm (claims raised in their Complaint, that these claims) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 374 Tm (present a non-justiciable political question, and fail to) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 363 Tm (state a claim upon which relief can be granted, with) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 352 Tm (an abundance of caution, the court will also) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 340 Tm (determine whether statutes of limitations defenses) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 329 Tm (would also constitute an independent basis for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 317 Tm (dismissal.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 294 Tm (1.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 294 Tm (Overview of Statutes of Limitations) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 63 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 752 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 525 752 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 530 752 Tm (3) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 272 Tm (The concept of limitations periods to the bringing of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 260 Tm (legal actions has been well-established in the law for) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 249 Tm (centuries. Limitations on actions can be traced back) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 238 Tm (to early Roman law.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 238 Tm (See) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 238 Tm (Developments) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 238 Tm (in the Law:) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 226 Tm (Statutes of Limitations) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 227 Tm (63 HARV. L. REV . 1177) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 215 Tm (1\(950\)) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 215 Tm (\(citing Sohm,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 215 Tm (The Institutes of Roman Law) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 204 Tm (318-22 \(Ledlie's trans., 3d) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 204 Tm (ed.1907\)\).) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 204 Tm (As part of our) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 192 Tm (Anglo-American common law system of law, statutes) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 181 Tm (of limitations can be traced as far back as 1189 for) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 169 Tm (actions) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 169 Tm (concerning) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 170 Tm (property right disputes.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 170 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 158 Tm (Thomas E. Atkinson,) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 158 Tm (Some Procedural Aspects of the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (Statute of Limitations,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 147 Tm (27 COLUM. L.REV. 157, 162) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 135 Tm (\(1927\) \(chronicling the history of statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 124 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 124 Tm (mitations\).) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 124 Tm (While the concept of statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 113 Tm (li) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 113 Tm (mitations) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 370 113 Tm (has evolved over the centuries well) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 101 Tm (beyond the realm of property law, the general) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 90 Tm (principles behind this concept remain the same.) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 699 0 obj 13687 endobj 700 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 687 0 R /OP11Font1 688 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_32 685 0 R >> >> endobj 701 0 obj [ 696 0 R 698 0 R ] endobj 702 0 obj [ 689 0 R 690 0 R 691 0 R 692 0 R 693 0 R 694 0 R 695 0 R ] endobj 684 0 obj << /Annots 702 0 R /Contents 701 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 700 0 R /Thumb 685 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 704 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 705 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_33 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4]D)DDd3Bf:~tEB*"G:#菘莎e:.+Ik1:/">]t@e:)#7`y..r* BDDDDDgTGFF]фqS6,!$tePDDDDFuDtN莏;.ԝ&@E*\DDDDDCB1GGqF:4fDHDG:."#4Fь#tGFh@*W Na$GAqVR6ma& H1$t DQUl:>tGE:#9*J/DDDDDDDsHGDta#1]̏VRXaq]r:WKxJ*ԡFmBgduE @!:b"#4EtGEz0莎fHDDDDX!'":0莈S+@-DDDDDDG'FF]uB"")D莋@Cg+ E:7":7DDD endstream endobj 705 0 obj 724 endobj 706 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 707 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 708 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 135 417 144 428 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 709 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 149 418 153 426 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 710 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 153 418 156 427 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 711 0 obj << /Length 712 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 156 614 m 184 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 125 500 m 280 500 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 489 m 133 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 139 488 m 171 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 178 488 m 192 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 199 488 m 281 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 135 420 m 144 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 149 420 m 153 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 153 420 m 156 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 159 420 m 176 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 99 385 m 124 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 234 318 m 280 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 223 306 m 240 306 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 381 602 m 416 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 424 602 m 440 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 449 602 m 534 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 591 m 351 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 591 m 535 591 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 348 580 m 534 580 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 317 568 m 431 568 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 417 534 m 483 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 534 m 535 534 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 522 m 362 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 365 522 m 384 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 387 522 m 443 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 447 523 m 486 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 431 m 436 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 442 431 m 451 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 456 431 m 474 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 479 431 m 536 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 323 318 m 429 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 435 318 m 459 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 465 318 m 536 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 306 m 536 306 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 295 m 365 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 368 295 m 441 295 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 444 295 m 486 295 l S endstream endobj 712 0 obj 1848 endobj 713 0 obj << /Length 714 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 753 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 742 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 742 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 742 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 730 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 730 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 694 Tm (One principle behind statutes of limitations is the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 682 Tm (promotion of justice. In his work) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 212 682 Tm (The Path of the) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 671 Tm (Law, Oliver Wendell Holmes reflected on statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 659 Tm (li) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 659 Tm (mitations, asking: "What is the justification for) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 648 Tm (depriving a man of his rights, a pure evil as far as it) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 637 Tm (goes, in consequence of the lapse of time?" Oliver W.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 625 Tm (Holmes, Jr.,) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 115 625 Tm (The Path of the Law,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 625 Tm (10 HARV. LREV.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 614 Tm (457, 476 \(1897\).) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 614 Tm (1FN331) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 614 Tm (To answer Holmes') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 602 Tm (question, the justification is fairness to litigants. This) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 591 Tm (fairness is achieved through two goals of statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 580 Tm (li) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 580 Tm (mitations: first, to provide the defendant notice of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 568 Tm (the plaintiffs claims; and second, to provide repose to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 557 Tm (the defendant. "Statutes of limitations ... in their) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 545 Tm (conclusive effects are designed to promote justice by) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 534 Tm (preventing surprises through the revival of claims) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 522 Tm (that have been allowed to slumber until evidence has) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 511 Tm (been lost, memories have faded, and witnesses have) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 500 Tm (disappeared.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 500 Tm (Order of Railroad Telegraphers v.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 489 Tm (Railway Express) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 488 Tm (Agency.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 488 Tm (321) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 488 Tm (U.S. 342, 348- 49) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 477 Tm (1944. Statutes of limitations are based on) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 258 477 Tm ("[t]he) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 466 Tm (theory that even if one has a just claim it is unjust not) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 454 Tm (to put the adversary on notice to defend within the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 443 Tm (period of limitation and that the right to be free of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 431 Tm (stale claims in time comes to prevail over the right to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 420 Tm (prosecute them.") Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font1 10 Tf 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 420 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 420 Tm (a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 420 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 420 Tm (349.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 420 Tm (In addition, the Supreme) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 408 Tm (Court has explained that:) Tj 1 0 0 1 99 385 Tm (FN33.) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 385 Tm (Also reflecting on the purposes) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 374 Tm (served) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 374 Tm (by statutes of limitations, the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 363 Tm (Supreme Court once stated: "Statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 352 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 352 Tm (mitations) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 352 Tm (always) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 352 Tm (have) Tj 1 0 0 1 231 352 Tm (vexed) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 352 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 340 Tm (philosophical) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 340 Tm (mind for it is difficult to fit) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 329 Tm (them into a completely logical and) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 318 Tm (symmetrical system of law.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 318 Tm (Chase Sec.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 306 Tm (Corp. v.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 306 Tm (Donaldson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 306 Tm (325 U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 306 Tm (304,) Tj 1 0 0 1 243 306 Tm (313.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 283 Tm (*45 Statutes of limitations find their justification in) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 272 Tm (necessity and convenience rather than in logic.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 260 Tm (They represent expedients, rather than principles.) Tj 1 0 0 1 73 249 Tm (They are practical and pragmatic devices to spare) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 238 Tm (the courts from litigation of stale claims, and the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 227 Tm (citizen) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 227 Tm (from being put to his defense after) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 215 Tm (memories have faded, witnesses have died or) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 204 Tm (disappeared, and evidence has been lost. [citation) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 192 Tm (omitted] They are by definition arbitrary, and their) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 181 Tm (operation does not discriminate between the just) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 170 Tm (and the unjust claim, or the voidable and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 158 Tm (unavoidable delay. They have come into law not) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 147 Tm (through the judicial process but through legislation.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 135 Tm (They represent a public policy about the privilege) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 124 Tm (to litigate. Their shelter has never been regarded as) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 73 113 Tm (what is now called a 'fundamental' right or what) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 102 Tm (used to be called a 'natural' right of the individual.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 74 90 Tm ([Plaintiffs]) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 90 Tm (may, of course, have the protection of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 637 Tm (The procedural requirements established by various) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 625 Tm (legislatures for gaining access to the courts are not to) Tj 1 0 0 1 317 614 Tm (be disregarded out of a vague sympathy for particular) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 602 Tm (litigants.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 602 Tm (See) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 602 Tm (National) Tj 87 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 602 Tm (R.R.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 602 Tm (Passenger Corp. v.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 591 Tm (Morgan,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 591 Tm (536 U.S. 101, 122 S.Ct. 2061, 2071 \(2002\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 580 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 580 Tm (Baldwin County Welcome Center v. Brown,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 568 Tm (466 U.S. 147, 152 \(1984\)\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 568 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 568 Tm ("Statutes of limitations) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 557 Tm (are not arbitrary obstacles to the vindication of just) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 545 Tm (claims, and therefore they should not be given a) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 534 Tm (grudging application.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 417 534 Tm (Cada v. Baxter) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 534 Tm (HealthCare) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 522 Tm (Corp., 920) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 522 Tm (F.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 522 Tm (446, 453 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 523 Tm (Cir.1990\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 523 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 523 Tm (Statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 511 Tm (li) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 511 Tm (mitations are regulations set by the legislature,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 500 Tm (designed to set a time period in which to file an) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 489 Tm (action. "They protect important social interests in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 477 Tm (certainty, accuracy, and repose." Id. "Though rarely) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 466 Tm (the subject of sustained scholarly attention, the law) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 454 Tm (concerning statute of limitations fairly bristles with) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 443 Tm (subtle, intricate, and often misunderstood issues....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 1 0 0 1 318 431 Tm (Wolin v. Smith Barney Inc..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 431 Tm (83) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 431 Tm (F.3d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 431 Tm (847, 849 \(7th) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 420 Tm (Cir.1996) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 420 Tm (.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 408 Tm (A plaintiff may not base [the] suit on conduct that) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 397 Tm (occurred outside the statute of limitations unless it) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 386 Tm (would have been unreasonable to expect the) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 374 Tm (plaintiff to sue before the statute ran on that) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 363 Tm (conduct, as in a case in which the conduct could) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 352 Tm (constitute,) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 352 Tm (or) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 352 Tm (be recognized, as actionable) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 341 Tm (harassment only in the light of events that occurred) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 329 Tm (later, within the period of the statute of limitations.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 318 Tm (National R.R. Passenger) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 318 Tm (Corp.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 318 Tm (536 U.S. at 117) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 306 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 306 Tm (Galloway v. General Motors Service Parts) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 295 Tm (Operations,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 295 Tm (78 F. 3d 1164 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 295 Tm (Cir.1996\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 295 Tm (.) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 63 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 64 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 503 753 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 526 753 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 531 753 Tm (4) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 705 Tm (the policy while it exists, but the history of pleas of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 694 Tm (li) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 332 694 Tm (mitations shows them to be good only by) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 682 Tm (legislative grace and to be subject to a relatively) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 671 Tm (large degree of legislative control.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 659 Tm (Chase Sec.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 369 659 Tm (Corp., 325 U.S. at 314.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 272 Tm (Two important concepts frequently addressed by) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 260 Tm (litigants when dealing with statutes of limitations are) Tj 1 0 0 1 318 249 Tm (accrual and tolling. Accrual denotes the point in time) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 238 Tm (when an action can be maintained. "A cause of action) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 227 Tm (') Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 227 Tm (accrues' when a suit may be maintained thereon, and) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 215 Tm (the law in this regard differs from state-to-state and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 204 Tm (by nature of action.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 204 Tm (Deluxe Black's Law Dictionary,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 193 Tm (6th edition at 21 \(1990\). The proverbial clock starts) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 181 Tm (to run when the action accrues. It is not the date on) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 170 Tm (which the wrong that injures the plaintiff occurs, but) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 158 Tm (the date--often the same, but sometimes later--on) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 147 Tm (which the plaintiff discovers that he has been injured.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 135 Tm (While discovery of the injury in some cases may be) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 124 Tm (complex, in others it would be immediately obvious,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 113 Tm (as in the case of the brutal application of the lash, the) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 102 Tm (turning of the screw, or the tightening of the leg) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 90 Tm (chains nightly to a post. As a complement to accrual,) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 714 0 obj 11896 endobj 715 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 706 0 R /OP11Font1 707 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_33 704 0 R >> >> endobj 716 0 obj [ 711 0 R 713 0 R ] endobj 717 0 obj [ 708 0 R 709 0 R 710 0 R ] endobj 703 0 obj << /Annots 717 0 R /Contents 716 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 715 0 R /Thumb 704 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 719 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 720 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_34 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream #DG4F"莈DDDsH^#.∈yGȄmb 4"#'FGDxP*EQafԖ|:1S9Du#FgEѸ6:#:#:P,!+4]LDDDGyE٭a˜Ͳ:#0B8:0Cgs*FAM9VT"#~"]((8#u Js./DD_DgLa=Fh=uH@j"#40? Z.莋3DyG2>#E@.фG""""3C#:0㡱1DtHDxz##! W""#3Aυ9NTB8DD)1:0"LSD]#EwE H)EDDDt OѴ"#HBM(ˣDt"0(""#3E>%󈎈B$  7 DFN菑莎Q# 28|/:8("#&.DDQC Gˣ|T`sȺ $S8#&G r莌"9)qTDDdHGѢ0‰$t*p #:#B#4D|/ P*iH#XUQ+rgč#>aDDDrMGF """? endstream endobj 720 0 obj 714 endobj 721 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 722 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 723 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://law.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 442 430 458 441 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 724 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://law.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 463 430 492 441 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 725 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://law.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 493 430 498 439 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 726 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 346 418 372 429 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 727 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 372 418 377 427 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 728 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 391 304 507 316 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 729 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 507 305 511 317 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 730 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 487 271 537 282 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 731 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 329 258 356 269 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 732 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 359 258 390 269 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 733 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 391 259 395 270 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 734 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 521 237 538 248 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 735 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 329 224 425 236 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 736 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-205) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 425 225 429 236 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 737 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-202) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 348 179 464 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 738 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-202) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 464 180 469 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 739 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-202) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 392 156 509 169 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 740 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.5/13-202) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 509 157 514 169 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 741 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://N.Y.Gen.Bus.Law) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 496 100 540 112 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 742 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://N.Y.Gen.Bus.Law) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 331 88 365 99 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 743 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://N.Y.Gen.Bus.Law) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 366 88 373 97 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 744 0 obj << /Length 745 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 62 589 m 90 589 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 589 m 104 589 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 114 589 m 143 589 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 152 590 m 167 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 175 590 m 192 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 202 590 m 219 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 228 590 m 277 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 111 555 m 280 555 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 543 m 97 543 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 543 m 119 543 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 123 544 m 141 544 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 145 544 m 200 544 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 204 544 m 243 544 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 138 532 m 178 532 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 182 533 m 216 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 533 m 280 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 63 521 m 97 521 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 521 m 139 521 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 221 499 m 236 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 241 499 m 280 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 487 m 180 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 188 487 m 201 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 205 487 m 223 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 226 488 m 281 488 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 110 145 m 150 145 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 155 145 m 158 145 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 166 145 m 185 145 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 192 145 m 220 145 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 442 432 m 458 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 463 432 m 492 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 493 433 m 498 433 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 346 420 m 372 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 372 420 m 377 420 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 500 354 m 536 354 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 328 340 m 355 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 361 341 m 376 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 379 341 m 397 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 400 341 m 468 341 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 470 342 m 509 342 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 328 318 m 418 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 428 318 m 443 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 450 318 m 468 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 475 319 m 537 319 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 373 306 m 387 306 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 391 307 m 507 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 507 308 m 511 308 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 514 296 m 538 296 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 328 284 m 537 284 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 330 271 m 343 271 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 346 272 m 364 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 367 272 m 421 272 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 424 273 m 463 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 469 273 m 483 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 487 273 m 537 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 329 260 m 356 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 359 260 m 390 260 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 391 261 m 395 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 396 261 m 398 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 470 251 m 537 251 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 329 238 m 343 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 348 238 m 377 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 382 238 m 418 238 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 424 239 m 493 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 501 239 m 515 239 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 521 240 m 538 240 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 329 227 m 425 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 425 227 m 429 227 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 416 205 m 538 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 330 193 m 388 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 393 193 m 421 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 193 m 462 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 466 194 m 536 194 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 330 181 m 344 181 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 348 182 m 464 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 464 182 m 469 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 375 158 m 389 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 392 159 m 509 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 509 160 m 514 160 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 341 147 m 351 147 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 359 147 m 399 147 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 415 147 m 435 147 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 330 136 m 538 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 331 125 m 476 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 496 103 m 540 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 331 90 m 365 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 366 90 m 373 90 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 705 m 377 705 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 468 649 m 534 649 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 637 m 396 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 406 637 m 534 637 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 410 614 m 420 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 428 614 m 454 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 463 614 m 467 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 483 615 m 513 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 353 523 m 378 523 l S endstream endobj 745 0 obj 4738 endobj 746 0 obj << /Length 747 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 61 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 740 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 740 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 740 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 728 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 180 729 Tm (\(N.D.I11.\)\)) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 704 Tm (tolling is a concept which suspends the running of a) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 692 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 692 Tm (mitations) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 692 Tm (period to an accrued action. The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 681 Tm (proverbial clock is stopped when the action is tolled.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 657 Tm (2.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 76 657 Tm (Statutes of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 658 Tm (Limitations) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 658 Tm (as Applied) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 658 Tm (to) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 658 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 646 Tm (Claims) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 624 Tm (*46 Since statutes of limitations are defenses to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 612 Tm (claims, a plaintiff ordinarily need not anticipate or) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 601 Tm (attempt to defuse these defenses in a complaint.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 602 Tm (See) Tj 1 0 0 1 62 589 Tm (Gomez) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 589 Tm (v.) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 589 Tm (Toledo.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 590 Tm (446) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 590 Tm (U.S.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 590 Tm (635,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 228 590 Tm (640 \(1980\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 590 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 578 Tm (However, "[a] litigant may plead itself out of court by) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 567 Tm (alleging \(and thus admitting\) the ingredients of a) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 555 Tm (defense....") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 555 Tm (United States Gypsum Co. v. Indiana Gas) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 543 Tm (Co. Inc.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 543 Tm (350) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 544 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 544 Tm (623, 626 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 544 Tm (Cir.2003\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 545 Tm (\(citation) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 532 Tm (omitted\);) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 532 Tm (see also) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 532 Tm (Bennett v.) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 533 Tm (Schmidt,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 533 Tm (153 F .3d 516,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 521 Tm (518 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 521 Tm (Cir.1998\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 521 Tm (\("Litigants) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 522 Tm (may plead themselves) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 509 Tm (out) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 510 Tm (of court by alleging facts that establish) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 498 Tm (defendants' entitlement to prevail."\);) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 499 Tm (Soo) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 499 Tm (Line R.R.) Tj 1 0 0 1 64 487 Tm (Co v. St. Louis S.W. Ry. Co.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 188 487 Tm (125) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 487 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 488 Tm (481, 483 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 475 Tm (Cir.1997) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 476 Tm (\(indicating that a "plaintiff can plead) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 464 Tm (himself out of court by alleging facts which show that) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 453 Tm (he has no claim, even though he was not required to) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 441 Tm (allege those facts"\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 419 Tm (The allegations of Plaintiffs' Complaint do admit the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 406 Tm (ingredients) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 407 Tm (of a statute of limitations defense.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 396 Tm (Plaintiffs allege that their claims arise out of the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 384 Tm (institution of human chattel slavery as it existed in) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 373 Tm (America, and acknowledge that this institution ended) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 361 Tm (in 1865. SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 360 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 362 Tm (5. Plaintiffs, however, claim that) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 350 Tm (these injuries are recurring as long as Defendants do) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 338 Tm (not) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 339 Tm (provide a proper accounting of the profits) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 327 Tm (allegedly) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 328 Tm (gained by them or their predecessors) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 316 Tm (throughout the years from commercial activities) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 304 Tm (relating to the institution of slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 305 Tm (See, e.g., id.) Tj /OP11Font0 7 Tf 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 305 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 293 Tm (58, 3\(a\) \(demanding that Defendants "provide a full) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 282 Tm (accounting of their actions, including, but not limited) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 270 Tm (to, turning over all documents in their possession) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 259 Tm (related in any way to the slave trade and slavery"\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 236 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims fall into three groups: common law) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 225 Tm (claims, state statutory claims, and federal statutory) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 213 Tm (claims.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 213 Tm (FN34) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 142 214 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 214 Tm (common law claims) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 203 Tm (include: Count I: Conspiracy, Count II: Conversion,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 191 Tm (Count III: Unjust Enrichment, Count IV: Replevin,) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 180 Tm (Count V: Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 168 Tm (and Count VI: Negligent Infliction of Emotional) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 156 Tm (Distress.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 157 Tm (Plaintiffs sole federal statutory claim is) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 145 Tm (Count IV:) Tj 1 0 0 1 110 145 Tm (42 U.S.C.) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 145 Tm () Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 145 Tm (1982) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 145 Tm (.) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 145 Tm ([FN351) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 146 Tm (Plaintiffs' state) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 134 Tm (statutory claims, included in Counts VII through) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 123 Tm (XIII, allege violations of consumer protection laws in) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 111 Tm (New York, Texas, California, Illinois, Louisiana, and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 99 Tm (New Jersey.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 489 Tm (Defendants point to the law of Illinois as an example) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 478 Tm (to show that Plaintiffs' state common law claims are) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 465 Tm (ti) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 466 Tm (me-barred by many years, and extrapolate that all of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 454 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 455 Tm (would also be time-barred under) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 443 Tm (any conceivable choice of law analysis using the law) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 432 Tm (of any given state, or federal) Tj 0 0 1 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 432 Tm (law.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 432 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 493 433 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 433 Tm (Supp. of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 420 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 420 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 420 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 421 Tm (Dismiss II, at 1, 4. Plaintiffs fail to) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 409 Tm (object to Defendants' argument, and do not argue that) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 398 Tm (there is any material conflict among the various state) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 386 Tm (choice of law principles that could be applied in this) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 374 Tm (case.) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 375 Tm (Therefore the statutes of limitations for) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 363 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims are as follows:) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 352 Tm (-) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 352 Tm (Civil Conspiracy--five years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 353 Tm (See e.g.,) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 354 Tm (Wilson v.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 340 Tm (Giesen) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 341 Tm (956) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 379 341 Tm (F.2d) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 341 Tm (738, 740-41 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 342 Tm (Cir.1992\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 342 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 329 Tm (*47) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 329 Tm (-) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 330 Tm (Conversion--five) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 330 Tm (years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 330 Tm (See,) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 330 Tm (e.g.,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 318 Tm (Bontkowski v. Smith) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 318 Tm (305) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 450 318 Tm (F.3d) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 319 Tm (757, 763 \(7th) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 306 Tm (Cir.2002) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 306 Tm (;) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 306 Tm (735) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 307 Tm (ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/13-20) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 308 Tm (5) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 513 308 Tm (.) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 294 Tm (-) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 295 Tm (Unjust Enrichment--five years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 296 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 296 Tm (Burns) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 284 Tm (Philp Foods Inc. v. Cavalea Cont'l Freight. Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 271 Tm (135) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 272 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 272 Tm (526, 527 \(7th) Tj 1 0 0 1 424 273 Tm (Cir.1998\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 273 Tm (;) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 273 Tm (735) Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 273 Tm (ILL. COMP.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 260 Tm (STAT.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 260 Tm (5/13-20) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 261 Tm (5) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 396 261 Tm (.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 249 Tm (-) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 249 Tm (Replevin--five years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 250 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 251 Tm (Hitt v. Stephens,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 238 Tm (675) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 238 Tm (N.E.2d) Tj 1 0 0 1 382 238 Tm (275, 277) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 239 Tm (\(I11.App.Ct.1996\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 239 Tm (:) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 239 Tm (735) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 521 240 Tm (ILL.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 227 Tm (COMP. STAT. 5/13-20) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 227 Tm (5) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 227 Tm (.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 215 Tm (-) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 337 216 Tm (Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress--) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 204 Tm (two years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 377 204 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 416 205 Tm (Dahl v. Fed. Land Bank Assn) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 193 Tm (of W Ill 572) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 393 193 Tm (N.E.2d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 193 Tm (311, 314) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 466 194 Tm (\(II1.App.Ct.1991\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 537 194 Tm (;) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 181 Tm (735) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 182 Tm (ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/13-20) Tj 1 0 0 1 464 182 Tm (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 182 Tm (.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 169 Tm (-) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 336 171 Tm (Negligent Infliction of Emotional Distress--two) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 158 Tm (years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 158 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 158 Tm (735) Tj 0 0 1 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 159 Tm (ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/13-20) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 160 Tm (2) Tj 0 0 0 rg 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 160 Tm (.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 147 Tm (-) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 147 Tm (42) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 147 Tm (U.S.C. ) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 415 147 Tm (1982) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 148 Tm (--two years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 148 Tm (See,) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 148 Tm (e.g.,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 136 Tm (Honorable v. The Easy Life Real Estate Sys., Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 125 Tm (182 F.R.D. 553, 563 \(N.D.Ill .1998\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 125 Tm (.) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 113 Tm (-) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 114 Tm (New York Consumer Protection from) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 330 102 Tm (Deceptive Acts and Practices Laws,) Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 103 Tm (N.Y. Gen.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 90 Tm (Bus. La) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 90 Tm (w) Tj 0 0 0 rg 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 91 Tm ( 348, 350--three years.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 92 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 62 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 63 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 754 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 754 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 529 754 Tm (5) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 705 Tm (FN34.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 706 Tm (The court notes that neither Plaintiffs) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 694 Tm (nor Defendants engage in a choice of law) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 682 Tm (analysis.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 392 683 Tm (As to Plaintiffs' state law claims,) Tj 1 0 0 1 352 671 Tm (the court normally would apply the choice) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 660 Tm (of law principles of the state in which each) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 648 Tm (transferor) Tj 1 0 0 1 398 648 Tm (court) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 648 Tm (sits.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 649 Tm (See) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 649 Tm (Ferens v. John) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 637 Tm (Deere Co.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 637 Tm (494 U.S. 516, 518-19 \(1990\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 625 Tm (\(indicating) Tj 1 0 0 1 407 626 Tm (that) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 626 Tm (in) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 452 626 Tm (actions) Tj 1 0 0 1 492 627 Tm (transferred) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 614 Tm (pursuant to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 614 Tm (28) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 614 Tm (U.S.C.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 614 Tm () Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 615 Tm (1407\(a\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 514 615 Tm (,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 615 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 603 Tm (transferee) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 603 Tm (court) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 424 603 Tm (applies the choice of law) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 592 Tm (principles of the state where the transferor) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 580 Tm (court sits for an analysis of state law) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 569 Tm (claims\). The court notes that the vagueness) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 557 Tm (of Plaintiffs' Complaint prevents a thorough) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 546 Tm (choice of law analysis.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 523 Tm (FN35.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 523 Tm (Plaintiffs allege two separate versions) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 511 Tm (of "Count IV.") Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 747 0 obj 14609 endobj 748 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 721 0 R /OP11Font1 722 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_34 719 0 R >> >> endobj 749 0 obj [ 744 0 R 746 0 R ] endobj 750 0 obj [ 723 0 R 724 0 R 725 0 R 726 0 R 727 0 R 728 0 R 729 0 R 730 0 R 731 0 R 732 0 R 733 0 R 734 0 R 735 0 R 736 0 R 737 0 R 738 0 R 739 0 R 740 0 R 741 0 R 742 0 R 743 0 R ] endobj 718 0 obj << /Annots 750 0 R /Contents 749 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 748 0 R /Thumb 719 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 752 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 753 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_35 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream AC?G4G /DDX!<atx+(aXx* DGe+C/ /(r+(r9L-B5#Q.tEٴaGđuFh3OGB!DDDFh莍>]h#":#?Ѽ!I&DDDDDDgTtD莡K4B, Ptf#DGGDDH D!eF""3Z/t]Dtq2?4a")#d}3"""""#*JSDaL"6D4#'Fy #Ga Db#3":#Dt{0:#rHm""""""2hf"̾ʲDc/F艄GBrCb""""34GDtGDtGEт#xB(##DDDD! &R e C9HDE#3aGDtaˣhŔB P@q#菞F8谂tiE":F:1yt]DDDVD#'FFѴOYNXZ """""> endobj 755 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 756 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comp.Stat.505/1--three) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 153 588 164 599 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 757 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comp.Stat.505/1--three) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 169 587 249 599 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 758 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comp.Stat.505/1--three) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 249 587 274 598 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 759 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Ill.Comp.Stat.505/1--three) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 274 587 278 596 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 760 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Elec.Motors.Inc.v.Rainbow) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 189 576 208 587 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 761 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Elec.Motors.Inc.v.Rainbow) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 215 576 277 587 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 762 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Elec.Motors.Inc.v.Rainbow) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 70 565 98 576 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 763 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Elec.Motors.Inc.v.Rainbow) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 99 565 105 574 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 764 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.505/l0a\(e\)) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 131 554 212 565 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 765 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.505/l0a\(e\)) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 216 553 256 565 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 766 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ILL.COMP.STAT.505/l0a\(e\)) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 256 553 259 565 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 767 0 obj << /BaseFont /Helvetica /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 355 555 555 890 670 225 340 340 390 585 280 340 280 280 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 555 280 280 585 585 585 555 1015 670 670 720 720 670 610 775 720 280 500 665 555 830 720 780 665 780 720 665 610 715 670 950 665 665 610 275 275 275 470 555 340 555 555 500 555 555 280 555 555 225 225 500 225 835 555 555 555 555 340 500 280 555 500 720 500 500 500 340 260 340 590 350 560 350 225 560 340 1000 560 560 340 1000 665 335 1000 350 610 350 350 230 230 340 340 350 560 1000 340 1000 560 340 940 350 500 615 285 330 555 555 555 555 270 555 335 735 375 560 585 340 735 340 400 590 340 340 340 615 540 280 340 340 370 555 840 840 840 610 670 670 670 670 670 670 1000 720 670 670 670 670 280 280 280 280 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 590 780 725 725 725 725 680 680 610 560 560 560 560 560 560 890 500 560 560 560 560 285 285 285 285 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 590 610 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 768 0 obj << /Length 769 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 69 704 m 95 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 104 704 m 109 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 120 704 m 155 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 165 704 m 180 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 189 704 m 227 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 237 704 m 253 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 264 704 m 277 704 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 69 693 m 72 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 72 693 m 145 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 151 693 m 236 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 210 670 m 228 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 240 670 m 258 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 270 670 m 277 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 659 m 140 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 146 659 m 150 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 161 659 m 183 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 69 647 m 144 647 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 147 647 m 151 647 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 158 647 m 184 647 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 78 636 m 278 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 624 m 94 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 184 624 m 278 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 81 613 m 74 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 0 792 m 74 792 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 85 613 m 104 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 133 590 m 147 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 153 590 m 164 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 169 590 m 249 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 249 590 m 274 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 274 590 m 278 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 144 579 m 184 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 189 579 m 208 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 215 579 m 277 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 70 567 m 98 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 99 567 m 105 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 567 m 147 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 151 567 m 166 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 567 m 197 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 200 567 m 243 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 246 567 m 278 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 556 m 71 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 72 556 m 107 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 114 556 m 127 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 131 556 m 212 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 216 556 m 256 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 256 556 m 259 556 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 190 533 m 278 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 522 m 103 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 168 522 m 218 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 222 522 m 226 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 231 522 m 275 522 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 499 m 154 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 245 499 m 277 499 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 487 m 103 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 114 487 m 130 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 143 487 m 162 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 175 487 m 189 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 203 487 m 222 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 235 487 m 252 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 265 487 m 279 487 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 70 476 m 147 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 148 476 m 188 476 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 396 m 466 396 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 473 397 m 533 397 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 385 m 368 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 373 385 m 390 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 385 m 409 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 413 385 m 432 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 435 385 m 492 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 496 385 m 534 385 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 348 351 m 441 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 446 351 m 534 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 353 226 m 378 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 426 113 m 478 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 485 113 m 535 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 354 101 m 395 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 401 101 m 415 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 420 101 m 461 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 467 101 m 536 101 l S endstream endobj 769 0 obj 3924 endobj 770 0 obj << /Length 771 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 60 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 741 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 73 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 740 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 729 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 704 Tm (Soskel) Tj 74 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 704 Tm (v.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 704 Tm (Handler.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 704 Tm (736) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 704 Tm (N.Y.S.2d) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 704 Tm (853,) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 704 Tm (855) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 693 Tm (\() Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 693 Tm (N.Y.Sup.Ct.2001\)) Tj 34 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 693 Tm (;) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 693 Tm (N.Y. C.P.L.R. 214) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 693 Tm (.) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 681 Tm () Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 681 Tm (Texas) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 681 Tm (Deceptive) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 681 Tm (Trade) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 681 Tm (Practices) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 681 Tm (and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 670 Tm (Consumer) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 670 Tm (Protection) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 670 Tm (Act,) Tj 1 0 0 1 210 670 Tm (Tex.) Tj 1 0 0 1 240 670 Tm (Bus.) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 270 670 Tm (&) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 659 Tm (Com.Code Ann.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 659 Tm () Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 659 Tm (17.41) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 659 Tm (--two years.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 241 659 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 659 Tm (Tex.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 647 Tm (Bus. & Com.Code) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 647 Tm () Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 158 647 Tm (17.565) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 647 Tm (.) Tj 57 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 636 Tm () Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 636 Tm (California Business and Professions Code ) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 624 Tm (17200) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 624 Tm (et seq.--four years.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 624 Tm (Cal. Bus. & Prof Code) Tj 1 Tz 1 0 0 1 81 613 Tm (1) Tj 2000 Tz 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm (\t) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 613 Tm (7208) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 613 Tm (.) Tj 57 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 602 Tm () Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 601 Tm (Illinois) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 601 Tm (Consumer Fraud and Deceptive) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 590 Tm (Business Act,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 590 Tm (815) Tj 0 0 1 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 590 Tm (Ill.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 590 Tm (Comp. Stat. 505/1) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 590 Tm (--thre) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 590 Tm (e) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 579 Tm (years.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 579 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 579 Tm (Dreisilker) Tj 0 0 1 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 579 Tm (Elec.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 579 Tm (Motors. Inc. v.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 567 Tm (Rainbo) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 567 Tm (w) Tj 0 0 0 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 567 Tm (Elec. Co..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 567 Tm (562) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 567 Tm (N.E.2d) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 567 Tm (970,972-3) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 567 Tm (\(II1.App) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 556 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 556 Tm (Ct.1990\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 556 Tm (;) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 556 Tm (815) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 556 Tm (ILL. COMP. STAT.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 556 Tm (505/l0a\(e) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 256 556 Tm (\)) Tj 0 0 0 rg 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 556 Tm (.) Tj 57 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 544 Tm () Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 545 Tm (Louisiana) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 545 Tm (Unfair) Tj 1 0 0 1 176 545 Tm (Trade) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 544 Tm (Practices) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 544 Tm (and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 533 Tm (Consumer Protection Law,) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 533 Tm (La Rev. Stat. Ann. ) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 522 Tm (51:1401) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 522 Tm (--one) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 522 Tm (year.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 522 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 522 Tm (La.Rev.Stat.) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 522 Tm () Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 231 522 Tm (51:1409\(e\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 276 522 Tm (.) Tj 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 511 Tm () Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 510 Tm (New Jersey Unfair Trade Practice Law,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 262 510 Tm (N.J.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 499 Tm (Stat. Ann. 56:8-1) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 155 499 Tm (--six) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 499 Tm (years.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 499 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 499 Tm (Mirra v.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 487 Tm (Holland) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 114 487 Tm (Am.) Tj 1 0 0 1 143 487 Tm (Line,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 487 Tm (751) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 487 Tm (A.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 235 487 Tm (138,) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 265 487 Tm (140) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 476 Tm (\(N. J. Super. Ct. App.) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 476 Tm (Div.2000\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 189 476 Tm (.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 453 Tm (Given that the institution of chattel slavery in the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 442 Tm (United States ended in 1865, Plaintiffs' century-old) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 430 Tm (claims would have accrued by 1865 at the latest. The) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 419 Tm (longest limitations period for any of Plaintiffs') Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 408 Tm (century-old claims is five years, which would have) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 396 Tm (run well over a century prior to the filing of the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 385 Tm (instant Complaint. If cognizable claims ever existed,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 373 Tm (those) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 373 Tm (claims) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 373 Tm (were) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 373 Tm (owned by former slaves) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 362 Tm (themselves,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 362 Tm (and became time-barred when the) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 351 Tm (statutes) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 351 Tm (of limitations expired in the nineteenth) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 339 Tm (century.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 339 Tm (As such, Plaintiffs' century-old claims are) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 328 Tm (barred) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 96 328 Tm (by the statutes of limitations in every) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 316 Tm (jurisdiction.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 294 Tm (Plaintiffs, however, also allege that Defendants are) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 282 Tm (currently) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 282 Tm (making intentional) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 282 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 271 Tm (regarding) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 271 Tm (Defendants') Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 271 Tm (past involvement in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 259 Tm (institution) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 259 Tm (of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 146 259 Tm (slavery,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 259 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 227 259 Tm (that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 259 259 Tm (these) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 248 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 248 Tm (presently) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 248 Tm (violate) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 248 Tm (various state) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 237 Tm (consumer laws. The court) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 237 Tm (fords,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 237 Tm (however, that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 226 Tm (Plaintiffs have not alleged that any concrete, material) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 214 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 214 Tm (were) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 214 Tm (made to any specific) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 203 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 203 Tm (within the various statutory periods.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 191 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 1 0 0 1 129 191 Tm (allegations) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 201 191 Tm (of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 191 Tm (continuing) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 180 Tm (misrepresentations) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 180 Tm (by) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 180 Tm (Defendants include the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 168 Tm (following. "Two years ago, Aetna expressed regret) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 157 Tm (for 'any involvement' it 'may have' had in insuring) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 146 Tm (slaves. Today it stands by that statement and says it) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 134 Tm (has been able to find only seven policies insuring 18) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 123 Tm (slaves." SCAC,) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 132 121 Tm (1) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 123 Tm (230. "While abhorring slavery,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 112 Tm (Richmond, Virginia-based CSX offered an online) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 100 Tm (statement that noted the lawsuit filed against it and) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 89 Tm (') Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 89 Tm (other corporations demanding financial reparations is) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 501 752 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 753 Tm (3) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 752 Tm (6) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 704 Tm (wholly without merit and should be dismissed.'" Id.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 703 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 693 Tm (233. "J.P.) Tj 1 0 0 1 359 693 Tm (Morgan spokesman Thomas Johnson said) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 681 Tm (that the 'allegations are without merit' and that the) Tj 1 0 0 1 314 670 Tm (company's archives don't support the claims in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 659 Tm (litigation.") Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 659 Tm (Id.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 657 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 659 Tm (236.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 659 Tm ("CN's) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 474 659 Tm (Chicago-based) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 647 Tm (spokesperson, Jack Burke, denies up and down that) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 636 Tm (the company, or any of its predecessors, profited) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 624 Tm (from slave labor." Id.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 623 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 625 Tm (239. "A) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 625 Tm (F1eetBoston) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 613 Tm (spokesman said it appears there is no connection to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 601 Tm (Brown's bank, though) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 602 Tm (F1eetBoston) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 602 Tm (doesn't) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 515 602 Tm (have) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 590 Tm (records that date back 200 years." Id.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 479 589 Tm (1) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 590 Tm (243. "R.J.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 579 Tm (Reynolds spokeswoman) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 579 Tm (Maura Payne said the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 567 Tm (allegations are 'completely without merit' because the) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 556 Tm (company was founded in 1876, a decade after slavery) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 545 Tm (was abolished." Id.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 543 Tm (9[) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 545 Tm (245.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 522 Tm (*48 In essence, Plaintiffs allege that Defendants) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 511 Tm (have made intentional misrepresentations about their) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 499 Tm (involvement with slavery for many years, and that) Tj 1 0 0 1 315 488 Tm (Defendants continue to do so today. However, the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 476 Tm (specific statements alleged in Plaintiffs' Complaint,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 465 Tm (as listed in paragraphs 227-256, reveal no more than) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 453 Tm (that Defendants have made generalized denials of the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 442 Tm (merits of Plaintiffs' lawsuit. Plaintiffs point to no) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 431 Tm (concrete instances of material misrepresentations that) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 419 Tm (have been made by Defendants within any of the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 408 Tm (statutory periods prescribed under the state consumer) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 396 Tm (law counts.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 396 Tm (See) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 396 Tm (Harlev-Davidson) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 397 Tm (Motor Co. v.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 385 Tm (Powersports.) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 373 385 Tm (Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 385 Tm (319) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 385 Tm (F.3d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 435 385 Tm (973, 989 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 385 Tm (Cir.2003\)) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 374 Tm (\(a) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 374 Tm (misrepresentation occurs where a party makes an) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 362 Tm (assertion "that does not accord with facts as they) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 351 Tm (exist"\);) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 351 Tm (Neder v. United States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 446 351 Tm (527 U.S. 1, 22 \(1999\)) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 340 Tm (\(a statement is material if a reasonable individual) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 328 Tm (would believe it to be important in "determining [a]) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 317 Tm (choice of action...."\). Plaintiffs, in fact, fail to allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 305 Tm (that) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 306 Tm (Defendants have engaged in any actionable) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 294 Tm (fraudulent or deceptive business practice under the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 282 Tm (respective) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 367 282 Tm (state) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 283 Tm (statutes) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 283 Tm (within) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 283 Tm (the) Tj 1 0 0 1 494 283 Tm (respective) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 271 Tm (statutory time frames.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 409 271 Tm (See infra) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 271 Tm (IV.B. Plaintiffs' state) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 260 Tm (law consumer claims are therefore barred by the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 248 Tm (above cited statutes of limitation.) Tj 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 249 Tm (JFFN3) Tj 160 Tz 1 0 0 1 478 249 Tm (1) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 62 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 63 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 226 Tm (FN36.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 226 Tm (Nothing in Plaintiffs') Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 226 Tm (Complaint) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 215 Tm (suggests that these State consumer law) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 203 Tm (claims were even remotely contemplated by) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 192 Tm (any Defendant or predecessor during the) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 180 Tm (ti) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 181 Tm (me slavery existed as an institution in the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 169 Tm (United States. The court also notes that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 158 Tm (Plaintiffs' first Complaint alleged Counts of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 146 Tm (Accounting and the Alien Torts Claims Act.) Tj 1 0 0 1 353 135 Tm (The court found that these Claims were also) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 123 Tm (barred) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 390 124 Tm (by the applicable statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 112 Tm (li) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 112 Tm (mitations.) Tj /OP11Font1 9 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 112 Tm (See) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 113 Tm (In re Slave) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 485 113 Tm (Descendants) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 101 Tm (Litigation,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 401 101 Tm (304) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 420 101 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 467 101 Tm (1027, 1068-1070) Tj 58 Tz 1 0 0 1 354 89 Tm (\() Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 90 Tm (N.D.111.2004\).) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 771 0 obj 15088 endobj 772 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 754 0 R /OP11Font1 755 0 R /OP11Font2 767 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_35 752 0 R >> >> endobj 773 0 obj [ 768 0 R 770 0 R ] endobj 774 0 obj [ 756 0 R 757 0 R 758 0 R 759 0 R 760 0 R 761 0 R 762 0 R 763 0 R 764 0 R 765 0 R 766 0 R ] endobj 751 0 obj << /Annots 774 0 R /Contents 773 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 772 0 R /Thumb 752 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 776 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 777 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_36 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream <"2B DrSGHmD|":=D|h#x%H EItGGtGDDDDDDDG?#>GE&3莎GGDhE!#@"#>|0"L)/.'QR"tC4G2$tʃBGG(AAQd|DxF9͢:. XV B)GQ#菙7" WtGdtjF6""pE躈e6R#菘͢""#B"┌E RF̎H莏tQD D endstream endobj 777 0 obj 729 endobj 778 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 779 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 780 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://tolling.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 101 574 129 587 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 781 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://tolling.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 135 576 167 587 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 782 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://tolling.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 168 576 173 585 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 783 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 179 574 207 587 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 784 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 207 576 212 585 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 785 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 138 565 169 576 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 786 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 169 565 174 574 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 787 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 179 563 207 576 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 788 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 207 565 212 574 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 789 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 245 565 272 576 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 790 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 272 565 276 574 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 791 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 149 155 178 166 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 792 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 179 155 183 164 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 793 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 187 153 213 166 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 794 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 213 155 218 164 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 795 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 248 155 274 166 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 796 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 274 155 278 164 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 797 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 139 144 170 155 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 798 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 171 144 175 152 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 799 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 181 142 209 155 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 800 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 209 144 213 153 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 801 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 247 144 274 155 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 802 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 274 144 278 153 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 803 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ancestors.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 427 691 466 701 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 804 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ancestors.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 470 691 499 702 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 805 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://ancestors.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 500 691 504 700 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 806 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 350 679 375 690 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 807 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 375 679 379 688 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 808 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://case.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 512 645 531 654 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 809 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://case.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 313 634 342 644 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 810 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://case.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 342 634 347 643 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 811 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 412 634 438 645 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 812 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 438 634 442 643 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 813 0 obj << /Length 814 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 101 579 m 129 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 135 579 m 167 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 168 579 m 173 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 179 579 m 207 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 207 579 m 212 579 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 138 567 m 169 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 169 567 m 174 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 179 567 m 207 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 207 567 m 212 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 245 567 m 272 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 272 567 m 276 567 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 234 362 m 256 362 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 263 362 m 278 362 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 350 m 78 350 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 82 350 m 108 350 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 110 316 m 202 316 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 208 316 m 277 316 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 149 157 m 178 157 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 179 157 m 183 157 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 187 157 m 213 157 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 213 158 m 218 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 248 158 m 274 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 274 158 m 278 158 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 139 146 m 170 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 171 146 m 175 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 181 146 m 209 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 209 146 m 213 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 247 146 m 274 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 274 146 m 278 146 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 427 693 m 466 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 470 693 m 499 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 500 693 m 504 693 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 350 681 m 375 681 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 375 682 m 379 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 512 648 m 531 648 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 313 636 m 342 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 342 636 m 347 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 412 636 m 438 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 438 636 m 442 636 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 432 465 m 516 465 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 522 465 m 531 465 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 453 m 332 453 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 338 453 m 377 453 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 381 454 m 427 454 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 418 328 m 458 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 465 328 m 489 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 495 329 m 532 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 317 m 388 317 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 398 226 m 533 226 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 215 m 348 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 215 m 391 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 215 m 410 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 413 215 m 431 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 434 215 m 489 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 492 215 m 531 215 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 451 113 m 482 113 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 487 113 m 534 113 l S endstream endobj 814 0 obj 2847 endobj 815 0 obj << /Length 816 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 58 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 741 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 741 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 58 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 729 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 692 Tm (3.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 75 693 Tm (Doctrines) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 692 Tm (to) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 137 693 Tm (Extend Statutes of Limitations) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 58 681 Tm (Periods) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 659 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 659 Tm (attempt to avoid having their claims) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 647 Tm (deemed time-barred by arguing a number of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 636 Tm (doctrines. Specifically, Plaintiffs contend that all of) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 624 Tm (the respective statutes of limitations should be) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 613 Tm (categorically tolled based on several undeveloped) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 601 Tm (theories, including either the discovery rule, the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 590 Tm (continuing violation doctrine, equitable estoppel, or) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 579 Tm (equitable) Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 101 579 Tm (tolling.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 579 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 579 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 579 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 579 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 579 Tm (Defs.') Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 579 Tm (Mot to) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 567 Tm (Dismiss 1, 16-24;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 138 567 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 567 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 567 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 207 567 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 567 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 245 567 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 272 567 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 556 Tm (Dismiss 11., 1, 5-8. These four principles, in one way) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 545 Tm (or another, allow a plaintiff to bring a claim that on) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 533 Tm (its face falls outside a statute of limitations. Both the) Tj 1 0 0 1 59 522 Tm (discovery rule and the continuing violations doctrine) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 510 Tm (deal with when the accrual of a claim is established.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 499 Tm (In contrast, the doctrines of equitable estoppel and) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 487 Tm (equitable tolling allow a plaintiff to assert a claim) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 476 Tm (after it has accrued by tolling the respective statutes) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 59 464 Tm (of limitations.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 464 Tm (However, as the court will discuss) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 453 Tm (below, these doctrines cannot revive claims already) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 442 Tm (barred by a statute of limitations.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 85 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 419 Tm (a.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 419 Tm (Discovery Rule) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 396 Tm (The discovery rule postpones the beginning of a) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 385 Tm (li) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 385 Tm (mitations period until such time as the plaintiff) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 373 Tm (discovers the injury, or through reasonable diligence) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 362 Tm (should have discovered the injury.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 362 Tm (See) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 362 Tm (Cada.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 263 362 Tm (920) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 350 Tm (F.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 350 Tm (at 450) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 351 Tm (.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 115 351 Tm (The discovery rule thus keeps a claim) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 339 Tm (from accruing until the plaintiff knows or through) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 328 Tm (reasonable diligence should have known of the) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 316 Tm (injury.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 316 Tm (See) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 316 Tm (TRW Inc. v. Andrews,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 208 316 Tm (534 U.S. 19, 27) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 305 Tm (\(2001\).) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 63 282 Tm (In support of their argument that the discovery rule) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 271 Tm (should delay accrual of their claims, Plaintiffs argue) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 259 Tm (that "[slaves] were not privy to every legal harm they) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 248 Tm (suffered, nor the causes and extent of those harms.") Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 237 Tm (SCAC,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 93 237 Tm (1) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 237 Tm (44. Specifically, Plaintiffs argue that "in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 226 Tm (their miserable condition which was a direct result of) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 214 Tm (slavery ... although intimately familiar with their) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 203 Tm (pitifully horrific condition, [they] were not aware of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 191 Tm (the nature of the investments, insurance policies, joint) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 180 Tm (ventures) Tj 1 0 0 1 105 180 Tm (and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 129 180 Tm (other) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 160 180 Tm (schemes) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 204 180 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 180 Tm (conspiracies) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 169 Tm (developed and utilized by these defendants ... to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 157 Tm (profit from slavery.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 1 0 0 1 149 157 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 157 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 157 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 213 158 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 157 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 248 158 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 158 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 146 Tm (Dismiss 1, at 17;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 146 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 146 Tm (n) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 146 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 209 146 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 219 146 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 146 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 274 146 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 135 Tm (Dismiss 11, at 1.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 112 Tm (*49 In response, Defendants assert that Plaintiffs') Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 101 Tm (Complaint fails to allege any act committed by any) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 89 Tm (specifically named Defendant or their predecessors) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 63 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 1 0 0 1 498 752 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 752 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 526 752 Tm (7) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 312 704 Tm (which was intended to conceal any cause of action) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 312 693 Tm (from any Plaintiffs or their) Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 693 Tm (ancestors.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 470 693 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 693 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 693 Tm (Supp.) Tj 1 0 0 1 313 681 Tm (of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 681 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 681 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 375 682 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 682 Tm (Dismiss 11, at 5. Further, Defendants) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 670 Tm (argue that since the alleged injuries were known, or) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 659 Tm (knowable, to Plaintiffs' ancestors over a century ago,) Tj 1 0 0 1 313 647 Tm (the discovery rule is simply inapplicable in this) Tj 0 0 1 rg 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 648 Tm (case.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 636 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 342 636 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 350 636 Tm (Supp. of) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 386 636 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 636 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 636 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 636 Tm (Dismiss 1, at 23-24.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 613 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 613 Tm (are attempting to recover for injuries) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 602 Tm (incurred by their ancestors over a century ago.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 590 Tm (Plaintiffs' ancestors knew or should have known that) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 579 Tm (they were being brutalized and wrongfully forced to) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 568 Tm (work for people, plantations, companies, and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 556 Tm (industries without being compensated. If they did not) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 545 Tm (know of their exact injury at the time it occurred,) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 533 Tm (they certainly should have known of it after the Civil) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 522 Tm (War, the passing of the Civil War Amendments, or) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 511 Tm (even the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 499 Tm (Furthermore, there is evidence that other former) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 487 Tm (slaves) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 343 488 Tm (were aware of their injuries and previously) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 476 Tm (have attempted to recover for them well before this) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 313 465 Tm (action was filed.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 465 Tm (See, e.g.,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 465 Tm (Johnson v. McAdoo,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 522 465 Tm (45) Tj 91 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 453 Tm (App.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 453 Tm (D.C. 440) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 454 Tm (\(D.C.1916\)) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 454 Tm (\(evidencing a claim for) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 442 Tm (slavery reparations nearly a century ago\).) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 420 Tm (Plaintiffs would have the Court extend the applicable) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 408 Tm (statutes of limitations indefinitely, or at least until all) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 397 Tm (of the discovery Plaintiffs desire is completed. "By) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 385 Tm (tying the start of the limitations period to a plaintiffs) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 374 Tm (reasonable discovery of a pattern rather than to the) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 363 Tm (point of injury or its reasonable discovery the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 351 Tm ([discovery] rule would extend the potential for most) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 339 Tm (...) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 340 Tm (cases well beyond the time when a plaintiffs cause) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 328 Tm (of action is complete.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 418 328 Tm (Rotella v.) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 465 328 Tm (Wood.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 329 Tm (528 U.S.) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 317 Tm (549, 558 \(2000\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 317 Tm (.) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 317 Tm (The mere fact that Plaintiffs') Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 306 Tm (ancestors did not know exactly how much profit was) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 294 Tm (made from their slave labor is not enough to establish) Tj 1 0 0 1 314 283 Tm (that the discovery rule should apply in this case. "The) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 271 Tm (federal common law discovery rule does not permit) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 260 Tm (the plaintiff to delay filing its lawsuit until all) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 249 Tm (foreseeable harms arising from the injury are actually) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 237 Tm (experienced, but only until the plaintiff discovers the) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 226 Tm (predicate injury.") Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 226 Tm (Brademas v. Indiana Housing) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 215 Tm (Finance) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 215 Tm (Authority,,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 215 Tm (354) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 413 215 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 215 Tm (681, 687 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 215 Tm (Cir.2004\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 215 Tm (.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 203 Tm (The predicate injury in this instance was the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 192 Tm (institution of slavery itself. Plaintiffs make a veiled) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 181 Tm (attempt to tie the beginning of the statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 169 Tm (li) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 169 Tm (mitations periods to the discovery of the damages) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 158 Tm (that flowed from slavery, rather than the predicate) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 146 Tm (injury itself.) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 146 Tm (Again, the discovery doctrine only) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 135 Tm (extends the statutes of limitations until the predicate) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 124 Tm (act is discovered, not until all discovery of its) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 112 Tm (consequences is completed.) Tj /OP11Font1 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 434 112 Tm (See) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 113 Tm (Rotella,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 113 Tm (528 U.S. at) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 101 Tm (558. Therefore, the discovery rule, when applied in) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 90 Tm (this instance, does not delay accrual of the claims) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 816 0 obj 12557 endobj 817 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 778 0 R /OP11Font1 779 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_36 776 0 R >> >> endobj 818 0 obj [ 813 0 R 815 0 R ] endobj 819 0 obj [ 780 0 R 781 0 R 782 0 R 783 0 R 784 0 R 785 0 R 786 0 R 787 0 R 788 0 R 789 0 R 790 0 R 791 0 R 792 0 R 793 0 R 794 0 R 795 0 R 796 0 R 797 0 R 798 0 R 799 0 R 800 0 R 801 0 R 802 0 R 803 0 R 804 0 R 805 0 R 806 0 R 807 0 R 808 0 R 809 0 R 810 0 R 811 0 R 812 0 R ] endobj 775 0 obj << /Annots 819 0 R /Contents 818 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 817 0 R /Thumb 776 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 821 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 822 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_37 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream L.OEDDDs<#8!Ѵ#..|0莢"> 54DtGFG#ێ"mQDa$DFP" Z b,)DDDDE"2ZIB9%"X[C!GGE#=$ IcDDDDDG3DtGGȎ?DDDbUu$et|HDDB"#"#f̺.#:/ qqGCbDDIЛE!GFk/),De.fFx 3$]A QGB7F2:#:.!@DZ`Ddt}>GFqL(r5BB".""#vGG4r#($##DDDF#3D|GG2:.:#: 8D}$T+i"""""""#"菗FqtN:#qDDM#sDFh|]7E/c>#:#DDDDDG)2:7E endstream endobj 822 0 obj 688 endobj 823 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 824 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 825 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 826 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier-Oblique /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font3 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 827 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 216 191 245 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 828 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 245 191 250 200 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 829 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 253 189 278 202 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 830 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 278 191 283 200 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 831 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 91 180 116 191 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 832 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 116 180 121 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 833 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://injuries.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 366 622 398 635 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 834 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://injuries.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 402 624 432 635 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 835 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://injuries.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 433 624 438 633 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 836 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 507 624 533 635 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 837 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 533 624 538 633 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 838 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 396 612 427 623 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 839 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 428 612 432 621 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 840 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 506 612 533 623 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 841 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 533 612 538 621 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 842 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://violation.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 366 350 404 361 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 843 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://violation.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 408 350 438 361 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 844 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://violation.Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 438 351 443 359 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 845 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 447 348 473 362 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 846 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 473 351 478 359 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 847 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 508 351 533 361 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 848 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 533 351 538 359 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 849 0 obj << /Length 850 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 140 592 m 176 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 181 592 m 217 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 223 592 m 238 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 243 592 m 261 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 266 592 m 283 592 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 581 m 103 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 110 581 m 148 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 170 547 m 246 547 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 249 546 m 258 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 260 546 m 283 546 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 535 m 107 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 111 535 m 126 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 128 535 m 169 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 174 535 m 218 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 221 535 m 282 535 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 524 m 130 524 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 136 523 m 150 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 156 523 m 174 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 523 m 210 523 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 147 478 m 183 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 187 478 m 192 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 197 478 m 282 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 467 m 82 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 87 467 m 100 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 103 467 m 121 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 124 467 m 178 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 181 467 m 219 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 251 467 m 282 467 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 455 m 87 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 92 455 m 106 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 110 455 m 128 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 131 455 m 186 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 190 455 m 232 455 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 210 398 m 283 398 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 387 m 90 387 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 97 386 m 112 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 117 386 m 135 386 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 141 387 m 199 387 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 205 387 m 243 387 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 375 m 94 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 101 375 m 116 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 122 375 m 131 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 135 375 m 175 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 182 375 m 196 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 202 375 m 219 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 225 375 m 282 375 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 191 330 m 283 330 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 65 319 m 195 319 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 200 318 m 210 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 214 318 m 232 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 238 318 m 283 318 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 307 m 81 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 85 307 m 123 307 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 98 250 m 200 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 205 250 m 215 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 216 250 m 242 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 247 250 m 261 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 265 250 m 283 250 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 216 193 m 245 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 245 193 m 250 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 253 193 m 278 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 278 193 m 283 193 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 91 182 m 116 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 116 182 m 121 182 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 366 626 m 398 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 402 626 m 432 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 433 626 m 438 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 507 626 m 533 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 533 626 m 538 626 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 396 615 m 427 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 428 615 m 432 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 506 615 m 533 615 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 533 614 m 538 614 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 457 501 m 504 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 512 501 m 538 501 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 489 m 345 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 351 489 m 365 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 371 489 m 389 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 395 489 m 463 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 468 489 m 507 489 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 478 m 382 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 387 478 m 402 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 406 478 m 424 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 429 478 m 495 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 499 478 m 538 478 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 411 444 m 516 444 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 523 444 m 537 444 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 319 432 m 337 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 347 432 m 365 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 374 432 m 470 432 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 366 353 m 404 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 408 353 m 438 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 438 353 m 443 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 447 353 m 473 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 473 353 m 478 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 508 353 m 533 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 533 353 m 538 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 445 273 m 481 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 488 273 m 502 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 508 273 m 526 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 531 273 m 538 273 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 261 m 340 261 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 159 m 518 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 524 159 m 538 159 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 148 m 338 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 344 148 m 350 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 148 m 384 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 430 148 m 537 148 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 136 m 337 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 341 136 m 356 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 359 136 m 378 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 381 136 m 436 136 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 440 137 m 482 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 505 137 m 537 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 125 m 420 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 429 125 m 443 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 451 125 m 469 125 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 125 m 538 125 l S endstream endobj 850 0 obj 5881 endobj 851 0 obj << /Length 852 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 65 754 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 743 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 82 743 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 127 743 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 731 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 731 Tm (\(N.D.I11.\)\)) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 707 Tm (alleged.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 683 Tm (b.) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 683 Tm (Continuing Violation Doctrine) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 660 Tm (*50 The continuing violations doctrine, although) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 649 Tm (slightly different from the discovery rule, allows the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 638 Tm (plaintiff to file an action when there is a continuous) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 626 Tm (series of injuries stemming from the same injury.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 615 Tm (Under this doctrine, the statutes of limitations are not) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 604 Tm (tolled) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 603 Tm (per se,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 123 603 Tm (but rather left open until a final injury) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 592 Tm (has accrued.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 592 Tm (See) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 140 592 Tm (Heard v.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 592 Tm (Sheahan.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 223 592 Tm (253) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 243 592 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 266 592 Tm (316,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 581 Tm (319 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 581 Tm (Cir.2001\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 150 581 Tm (.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 159 581 Tm ("The plaintiff) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 224 581 Tm (must show a) Tj 54 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 570 Tm (') Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 569 Tm (continuing violation,' which the Seventh Circuit has) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 558 Tm (described as a 'continuous series of events giving rise) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 547 Tm (to a cumulative injury.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 170 547 Tm (Hoagland v. Town) Tj /OP11Font3 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 546 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 260 546 Tm (Clear) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 535 Tm (Lake, Ind.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 535 Tm (344) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 535 Tm (F.Sunp.2d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 174 535 Tm (1150, 1162) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 535 Tm (\(N.D.Ind.2004\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 524 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 524 Tm (Heard,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 523 Tm (253) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 156 523 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 523 Tm (at 320\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 523 Tm ("The continuing) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 512 Tm (violation doctrine allows a complainant to obtain) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 501 Tm (relief for a time-barred act of discrimination by) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 489 Tm (linking it with acts that fall within the statutory) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 478 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 478 Tm (mitations period.") Tj 1 0 0 1 147 478 Tm (Filipovic) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 187 478 Tm (v.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 197 478 Tm (K & R Exp. Systems,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 467 Tm (Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 467 Tm (176) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 103 467 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 467 Tm (390, 396 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 181 467 Tm (Cir.1999\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 467 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 467 Tm (Selan v.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 455 Tm (Kiley,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 455 Tm (969) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 455 Tm (F.2d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 455 Tm (560, 564 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 455 Tm (Cir.1992\)\)) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 455 Tm (.) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 455 Tm (Courts will) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 444 Tm (then treat the series of acts as one continuous act) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 433 Tm (ending within the limitations period.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 220 432 Tm (See id.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 252 432 Tm ("Unlike) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 421 Tm (tolling principles, this doctrine is not equitable in) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 409 Tm (nature; rather, it is 'best described as a doctrine) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 398 Tm (governing the accrual of a claim.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 210 398 Tm (Macklin v. United) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 387 Tm (States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 97 386 Tm (300) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 117 386 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 387 Tm (814, 824 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 387 Tm (Cir.2002\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 249 386 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 375 Tm (Pitts v.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 375 Tm (City) Tj /OP11Font3 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 375 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 135 375 Tm (Kankakee,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 375 Tm (267) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 202 375 Tm (F.3d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 225 375 Tm (592, 595 \(7th) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 364 Tm (Cir.2001) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 364 Tm (.) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 364 Tm (The continuing violation doctrine is) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 353 Tm (applicable only if it would have been unreasonable to) Tj 1 0 0 1 65 341 Tm (expect the plaintiff to sue before the statute ran on the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 330 Tm (conduct.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 149 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 330 Tm (See id.; see also) Tj 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 330 Tm (Galloway v. General) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 319 Tm (Motors Serv. Parts Operations,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 318 Tm (78) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 214 318 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 318 Tm (1164, 1167) Tj 92 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 307 Tm (\(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 307 Tm (Cir.1996\)) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 307 Tm (.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 130 307 Tm ("In other words, a plaintiff who feels) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 296 Tm (discriminated against by a discrete act, but fails to) Tj 71 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 284 Tm (ti) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 284 Tm (mely file charges on that act, cannot later reach) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 273 Tm (back to those events when the statute of limitations) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 261 Tm (expires in order to form a continuing violation) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 250 Tm (claim.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 250 Tm (Tinner v. United Ins. Co.) Tj /OP11Font3 8 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 205 250 Tm (of) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 250 Tm (Amer.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 247 250 Tm (308) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 265 250 Tm (F.3d) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 239 Tm (697, 708 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 239 Tm (Cir.2002\).) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 216 Tm (As a preliminary matter, Plaintiffs assert that the) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 205 Tm (continuing violation doctrine should be applied to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 193 Tm (their demand for an accounting.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 193 Tm (See) Tj 0 0 1 rg /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 193 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 245 193 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 253 193 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 278 193 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 182 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 182 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 182 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 182 Tm (Dismiss II., at 7-8. Plaintiffs assert that) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (they are continually hurt because they have not) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 159 Tm (received an accounting of the monies owed to them) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 148 Tm (and their ancestors for work they did while enslaved,) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 137 Tm (and that Defendants continue to profit from the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 125 Tm (revenue they earned from the labor of Plaintiffs') Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (ancestors. In support of their argument that the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 102 Tm (continuing violations doctrine should delay accrual of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 91 Tm (their claims, Plaintiffs argue that Defendants' failure) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 706 Tm (to) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 335 706 Tm (provide a proper accounting of the profits) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 695 Tm (allegedly) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 695 Tm (gained by them or their predecessors) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 683 Tm (throughout the years from commercial activities) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 672 Tm (relating to the institution of slavery constitutes a) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 660 Tm (continuing violation. In response, Defendants argue) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 649 Tm (that Plaintiffs do not allege a continuing violation;) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 638 Tm (rather, they are alleging a single event with purported) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 626 Tm (continuing) Tj 0 0 1 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 626 Tm (injuries.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 626 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 433 626 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 442 626 Tm (Supp. of) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 626 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 626 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 626 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 614 Tm (Dismiss I, at 25;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 396 615 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 428 615 Tm (n) Tj 0 0 0 rg 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 614 Tm (Supp. of Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 615 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 614 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 319 603 Tm (Dismiss II, at 1.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 216 Tm (c.) Tj /OP11Font2 8 Tf 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 331 216 Tm (Equitable) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 216 Tm (Estoppel) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 65 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 753 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 528 753 Tm (3) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 534 753 Tm (8) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 580 Tm (*51) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 580 Tm (With respect to this assertion, the underlying) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 569 Tm (injury concerns the denial of payments for the forced) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 558 Tm (labor of Plaintiffs' ancestors. All of the other ills and) Tj 1 0 0 1 319 546 Tm (consequences that flowed from this injury, no matter) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 535 Tm (how dreadful, do not constitute new or continuing) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 523 Tm (claims. They are merely the alleged effects of an) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 512 Tm (injury that occurred over a century ago, and not a) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 501 Tm (continuing series of acts.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 1 0 0 1 437 501 Tm (See) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 501 Tm (Diliberti v.) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 501 Tm (United) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 489 Tm (States,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 351 489 Tm (817) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 371 489 Tm (F.2d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 489 Tm (1259, 1264 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 489 Tm (Cir.1987\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 489 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 478 Tm (Ward v. Caulk,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 478 Tm (650) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 406 478 Tm (F.2d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 478 Tm (1144, 1147 \(9th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 499 478 Tm (Cir.1981\)) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 467 Tm (\("A) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 467 Tm (continuing violation is occasioned by continual) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 455 Tm (unlawful acts, not by continual ill effects from an) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 444 Tm (original violation."\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 444 Tm (Oppenheim v. Campbell,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 444 Tm (571) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 432 Tm (F.2d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 347 432 Tm (660,) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 432 Tm (662 \(D.C.Cir .1978\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 480 432 Tm (\(without) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 432 Tm (any) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 421 Tm (continuing unlawful actions by defendant, plaintiffs) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 409 Tm (claim accrued when he was "first harmed"\)\).) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 387 Tm (Plaintiffs also assert that Defendants' present day) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 375 Tm (failure to produce an accounting of whether they) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 364 Tm (profited from the slave trade constitutes a new and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 353 Tm (continuing) Tj 0 0 1 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 353 Tm (violation.) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 353 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 353 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 447 353 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 473 353 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 481 353 Tm (Def.'s) Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 353 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 533 353 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 341 Tm (Dismiss II, at 7-8. Again, Plaintiffs' assertions are) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 330 Tm (incorrect.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 363 330 Tm (Plaintiffs' assertions are) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 330 Tm (merely a veiled) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 318 Tm (attempt to circumvent the statutes of limitations for) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 319 307 Tm (their underlying claims. Plaintiffs have not alleged) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 296 Tm (any new unlawful conduct by Defendants; but have) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 284 Tm (merely alleged a continuing adverse consequence of) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 273 Tm (prior unlawful conduct.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 426 273 Tm (See) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 445 273 Tm (Diliberti.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 273 Tm (817) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 508 273 Tm (F.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 531 273 Tm (at) Tj 1 0 0 1 321 261 Tm (1264) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 261 Tm (.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 348 261 Tm (Therefore, the continuing violation doctrine,) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 250 Tm (when applied in this instance, does not delay the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 239 Tm (accrual of the claims alleged.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 193 Tm (Equitable estoppel allows a plaintiff to bring a cause) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 182 Tm (of action after a statute of limitations has expired) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 171 Tm (when the " 'defendant takes active steps to prevent) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 159 Tm (the plaintiff from suing on time.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 159 Tm (Brademas,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 159 Tm (354) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (F.3d) Tj 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 344 148 Tm (at) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 148 Tm (686-87) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 390 148 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 148 Tm (Sharp v. United Airlines,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 136 Tm (Inc..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 136 Tm (236) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 136 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 381 136 Tm (368, 372 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 440 137 Tm (Cir.2001\)\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 137 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 489 137 Tm (see) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 505 137 Tm (Lucas v.) Tj 135 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 125 Tm (Chicago Transit Auth.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 125 Tm (367) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 451 125 Tm (F.3d) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 125 Tm (714, 722 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 114 Tm (Cir.2004) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 360 114 Tm (.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 114 Tm (For example, a defendant can prevent a) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 102 Tm (plaintiff from filing his or her claim on time either by) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 91 Tm (informing the plaintiff that the defendant will not) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 852 0 obj 15227 endobj 853 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 823 0 R /OP11Font1 824 0 R /OP11Font2 825 0 R /OP11Font3 826 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_37 821 0 R >> >> endobj 854 0 obj [ 849 0 R 851 0 R ] endobj 855 0 obj [ 827 0 R 828 0 R 829 0 R 830 0 R 831 0 R 832 0 R 833 0 R 834 0 R 835 0 R 836 0 R 837 0 R 838 0 R 839 0 R 840 0 R 841 0 R 842 0 R 843 0 R 844 0 R 845 0 R 846 0 R 847 0 R 848 0 R ] endobj 820 0 obj << /Annots 855 0 R /Contents 854 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 853 0 R /Thumb 821 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 857 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 858 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_38 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream t] Q菗QtmDt}Ѵa"#)Јʄ"$30:.6<aB#B.#s>t_#>]R# Cq]tGEfu4菗\C(Mdu>.A:=#hhA"## G8CDt'ֈB#4mIF fsGEԝy~#)ܫPEYNDEDFOѤq ":.ap!фaEFqH^"!uBH1FB/GS!""B, 87F"::":#f^##@?(v1jCF 0D|q !#!фGduL#h #:.G#h"fD QFGB,I#hGBspc"2\d|6#s./CAS#j""""3D^#쏑8膸&ˣ :=1R#:8GyuG.DvGtG $B C#RDDDDDDs4s.:8y/.!J"""#!.s08qlb#4gB:82>]E#:J:A-DDDDEy(h7C9C\DDDDDDr]]Gu endstream endobj 858 0 obj 734 endobj 859 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 860 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 861 0 obj << /BaseFont /Courier /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 ] >> endobj 862 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 92 428 122 439 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 863 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 122 428 127 437 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 864 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 131 426 157 439 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 865 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 157 428 162 437 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 866 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 192 428 217 439 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 867 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 217 428 222 437 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 868 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 67 178 96 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 869 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 96 178 101 187 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 870 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 105 176 131 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 871 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 131 178 136 187 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 872 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 166 178 191 189 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 873 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 191 178 196 187 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 874 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-BoldItalic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font3 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 875 0 obj << /Length 876 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 681 m 100 681 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 682 m 116 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 124 682 m 169 682 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 177 681 m 191 681 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 199 681 m 277 681 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 64 670 m 86 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 92 670 m 135 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 139 670 m 154 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 157 670 m 176 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 179 670 m 217 670 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 659 m 75 659 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 78 658 m 96 658 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 99 658 m 129 658 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 147 624 m 277 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 60 613 m 127 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 132 613 m 165 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 171 613 m 277 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 602 m 74 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 84 602 m 102 602 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 112 601 m 133 601 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 143 601 m 187 601 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 196 601 m 234 601 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 61 590 m 144 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 149 590 m 193 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 198 590 m 216 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 221 590 m 277 590 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 92 431 m 122 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 122 430 m 127 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 131 430 m 157 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 157 430 m 162 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 192 430 m 217 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 217 430 m 222 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 67 180 m 96 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 96 180 m 101 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 105 180 m 131 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 131 180 m 136 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 166 180 m 191 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 191 180 m 196 180 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 624 m 349 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 624 m 369 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 374 624 m 393 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 398 624 m 432 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 476 624 m 532 624 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 613 m 345 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 352 613 m 375 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 382 613 m 396 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 403 613 m 421 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 427 613 m 488 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 494 613 m 532 613 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 443 545 m 533 545 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 533 m 321 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 325 533 m 356 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 361 533 m 378 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 383 533 m 398 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 402 533 m 420 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 425 533 m 491 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 495 533 m 533 533 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 430 m 357 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 364 430 m 378 430 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 384 431 m 402 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 408 431 m 449 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 486 431 m 512 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 518 431 m 533 431 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 314 419 m 333 419 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 341 419 m 349 419 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 419 m 377 419 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 483 362 m 523 362 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 527 363 m 533 363 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 351 m 479 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 483 351 m 487 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 490 351 m 509 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 512 351 m 533 351 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 340 m 354 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 357 340 m 396 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 429 340 m 458 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 462 340 m 506 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 510 340 m 534 340 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 328 m 317 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 318 328 m 385 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 388 328 m 430 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 471 329 m 494 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 498 328 m 513 328 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 516 329 m 534 329 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 315 316 m 322 316 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 328 317 m 342 317 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 380 112 m 424 112 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 430 112 m 467 112 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 472 112 m 534 112 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 101 m 331 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 334 101 m 353 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 356 101 m 410 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 414 101 m 452 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 493 101 m 516 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 520 101 m 535 101 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 316 89 m 334 89 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 338 89 m 369 89 l S endstream endobj 876 0 obj 4778 endobj 877 0 obj << /Length 878 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 752 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 741 Tm (---) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 741 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 121 741 Tm (--) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 729 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 84 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 729 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 704 Tm (assert the statute of limitations as a defense, or by) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 693 Tm (fraudulently concealing the injury after the fact.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 693 Tm (See) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 681 Tm (Holmberg) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 682 Tm (v..) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 124 682 Tm (Armbrecht,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 681 Tm (327) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 199 681 Tm (U.S. 392, 396-97) Tj 82 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 670 Tm (1\(946\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 670 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 670 Tm (Brademas,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 670 Tm (354) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 670 Tm (F.3d) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 670 Tm (at 686-87) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 222 670 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 670 Tm (Shar) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 659 Tm (236) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 78 658 Tm (F.3d) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 658 Tm (at 372\).) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 133 658 Tm ("The 'granting of equitable estoppel) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 647 Tm (should be premised on a defendant's improper) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 636 Tm (conduct as well as a plaintiffs actual and reasonable) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 624 Tm (reliance thereon.' ") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 138 Tz 1 0 0 1 147 624 Tm (Hentosh v. Herman M. Finch) Tj 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 613 Tm (Univ. of Health) Tj 1 0 0 1 132 613 Tm (Sci.lfhe) Tj 130 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 613 Tm (Chicago Medical School,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 602 Tm (167) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 84 602 Tm (F.3d) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 601 Tm (1170,) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 601 Tm (1174 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 196 601 Tm (Cir.1999\)) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 244 601 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 61 590 Tm (Wheeldon v. Monon) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 590 Tm (Corp., 946) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 198 590 Tm (F.2d) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 221 590 Tm (533, 537 \(7th) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 579 Tm (Cir.1991) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 556 Tm (Plaintiffs do not assert, nor is there any indication,) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 544 Tm (that Plaintiffs failed to file their claims within the) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 533 Tm (appropriate time limitations because) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 533 Tm (Defendants) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 522 Tm (promised not to plead the statutes of limitations as a) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 510 Tm (defense.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 98 510 Tm (Rather, Plaintiffs assert that they did not) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 499 Tm (properly file their claims within the appropriate time) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 487 Tm (frame because of Defendants' unwillingness to) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 476 Tm (divulge information about their ties to slavery, and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 465 Tm (that Defendants actively misled them; in other words,) Tj 1 0 0 1 60 453 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 109 453 Tm (allege) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 144 453 Tm (that) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 171 453 Tm (Defendants) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 453 Tm (fraudulently) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 442 Tm (concealed their involvement with slavery.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 233 442 Tm (See) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 442 Tm (SCAC,) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 83 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 430 Tm (1) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 430 Tm (227;) Tj 0 0 1 rg 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 92 431 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 430 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 430 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 430 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 430 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 430 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 217 430 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 226 430 Tm (Dismiss I, at) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 60 419 Tm (22-23. Specifically, Plaintiffs assert that:) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 408 Tm (*52 \(1\) defendants withheld documents and) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 396 Tm (information related to their illegal profits from) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 385 Tm (slavery and/or lied about their participation in) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 373 Tm (slavery; \(2\) the fact that the defendants) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 238 373 Tm (benefitted) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 362 Tm (from concealing the information and that the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 351 Tm (concealment was so complete, provides a sufficient) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 339 Tm (basis to conclude that they were aware of the) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 328 Tm (concealment; \(3\) plaintiffs did not know of the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 316 Tm (defendants conduct or illegal profits and therefore) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 305 Tm (could not have known of the concealment and/or) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 294 Tm (misrepresentations; \(4\) defendants in concealing) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 282 Tm (the information knew that this concealment would) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 271 Tm (protect them from accountability for their actions;) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 259 Tm (\(5\) plaintiffs' lack of information was reasonable) Tj 1 0 0 1 71 248 Tm (and in good faith given the nature of defendants') Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 237 Tm (conduct and plaintiffs' conditions; and \(6\) clearly) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 70 225 Tm (justice) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 104 226 Tm (would not be served by allowing the) Tj 1 0 0 1 71 214 Tm (defendants to benefit from their concealing) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 203 Tm (behavior as measured against the extreme harm) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 192 Tm (suffered by plaintiffs and their ancestors.) Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 67 180 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 1 0 0 1 96 180 Tm (n) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 105 180 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 131 180 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 139 180 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 180 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 180 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 200 180 Tm (Dismiss I, at 23. In) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 169 Tm (response,) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 106 169 Tm (Defendants assert that Plaintiffs fail to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 157 Tm (plead, let alone particularize, the required elements of) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 146 Tm (equitable estoppel.) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 64 123 Tm (Plaintiffs have not asserted any facts alleging that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 112 Tm (any Defendant concealed information in a way that) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 100 Tm (would have prevented Plaintiffs' ancestors from) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 62 89 Tm (asserting their claims within the proscribed statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 704 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 704 Tm (mitations) Tj 1 0 0 1 364 704 Tm (periods.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 404 705 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 705 Tm (do not allege that) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 693 Tm (Defendants concealed the injury. In fact, the injury) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 682 Tm (was not concealed, but rather quite obvious when) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 670 Tm (inflicted.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 670 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 1 0 0 1 423 670 Tm (merely) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 469 670 Tm (make) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 509 670 Tm (vague) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 659 Tm (generalizations about Defendants and their perceived) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 647 Tm (practices. Plaintiffs' vague assertions are not enough) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 636 Tm (to satisfy the requirements for equitable estoppel.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 636 Tm (See) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 624 Tm (Hentosh,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 624 Tm (167) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 624 Tm (F.3d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 624 Tm (at 1174;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 437 624 Tm (see also) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 624 Tm (Williamson v.) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 613 Tm (Indiana) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 352 613 Tm (Univ.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 382 613 Tm (345) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 403 613 Tm (F.3d) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 427 613 Tm (459, 463 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 613 Tm (Cir.2003\)) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 602 Tm (\(denying equitable estoppel based on plaintiffs) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 590 Tm (failure to present any evidence that defendant took) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 579 Tm (active steps to prevent her from bringing her charge) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 567 Tm (within the allotted time\).) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 568 Tm (Therefore,) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 496 568 Tm (equitable) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 556 Tm (estoppel, when applied in this instance, does not toll) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 544 Tm (the statutes of limitations.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 544 Tm (See) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 443 545 Tm (Martin v. Consultants) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 533 Tm (&) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 325 533 Tm (Adm'rs,) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 361 533 Tm (Inc.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 383 533 Tm (966) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 533 Tm (F.2d) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 425 533 Tm (1078, 1095 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 495 533 Tm (Cir.1992\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 522 Tm (\(fraudulent concealment requires some sort of trick or) Tj 1 0 0 1 314 510 Tm (contrivance by a defendant\).) Tj /OP11Font3 8 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 487 Tm (d.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 327 487 Tm (Equitable Tolling) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 465 Tm ("Equitable tolling applies when a plaintiff, despite) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 453 Tm (due diligence, is unable to obtain enough information) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 442 Tm (to) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 329 442 Tm (conclude that there is a basis for a claim.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 430 Tm (Brademas.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 430 Tm (354) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 384 431 Tm (F.3d) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 408 431 Tm (at 686-87) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 455 431 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 486 431 Tm (Sharp,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 518 431 Tm (236) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 314 419 Tm (F.3d) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 341 419 Tm (at) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 419 Tm (373\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 419 Tm (As distinguished) Tj 1 0 0 1 469 419 Tm (from equitable) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 408 Tm (estoppel, equitable tolling "permits a plaintiff to sue) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 396 Tm (after the statute of limitations has expired if through) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 385 Tm (no fault or lack of diligence on his part he was unable) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 374 Tm (to sue before, even though the defendant took no) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 362 Tm (active steps to prevent him from suing.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 362 Tm (Singletary) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 527 363 Tm (v.) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 351 Tm (Continental Ill. Nat'l. Bank & Trust Co.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 483 351 Tm (9) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 490 351 Tm (F.3d) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 512 351 Tm (1236,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 340 Tm (1241 \(7th) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 357 340 Tm (Cir.1993\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 340 Tm (\(citing) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 340 Tm (Heck v.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 340 Tm (Humphrey,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 510 340 Tm (997 F) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 328 Tm (.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 328 Tm (2d 355, 357 \(7th) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 388 328 Tm (Cir.1993\)\)) Tj 68 Tz 1 0 0 1 431 328 Tm (;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 328 Tm (see also) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 471 329 Tm (Cada,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 498 328 Tm (920) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 516 329 Tm (F.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 316 Tm (at) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 328 317 Tm (451) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 350 317 Tm (\(indicating that equitable tolling does not) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 306 Tm (require a finding of any conduct on the part of the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 294 Tm (defendant\). "Equitable tolling is frequently confused) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 282 Tm (with) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 282 Tm (both) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 376 282 Tm (fraudulent) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 282 Tm (concealment) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 494 283 Tm ([equitable) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 271 Tm (estoppel] on the one hand and with the discovery) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 315 260 Tm (rule--governing, as we have seen, accrual--on the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 248 Tm (other hand.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 248 Tm (Cada,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 248 Tm (920 F. 2d at 451.) Tj 140 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 62 Tm (0) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 184 63 Tm (2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 752 Tm (Page) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 523 752 Tm (3) Tj 1 0 0 1 528 752 Tm (9) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 318 226 Tm (*53 Equitable tolling "halts the running of the) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 214 Tm (li) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 214 Tm (mitations) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 366 215 Tm (period so long as the plaintiff uses) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 203 Tm (reasonable care and diligence in attempting to learn) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 192 Tm (the facts that would disclose the defendant's fraud or) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 180 Tm (other misconduct." 4 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 169 Tm (R. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedures 1056, at) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 157 Tm (239 \(3d.) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 157 Tm (ed.2002\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 133 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 157 Tm (see also Cada,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 464 158 Tm (920) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 484 158 Tm (F.3d) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 158 Tm (at 451.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 146 Tm (When dealing with equitable tolling between two) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 134 Tm (innocent) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 134 Tm (parties,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 398 134 Tm ("the) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 423 135 Tm (negligence) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 476 135 Tm (of the party) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 123 Tm (invoking the doctrine can tip the balance against its) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 317 112 Tm (application....") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 131 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 112 Tm (Jackson v.) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 430 112 Tm (Rockford) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 112 Tm (Housing Auth.,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 101 Tm (213) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 101 Tm (F.3d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 101 Tm (389, 397 \(7th) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 414 101 Tm (Cir.2000\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 101 Tm (\(quoting) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 493 101 Tm (Cada,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 520 101 Tm (920) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 316 89 Tm (F.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 89 Tm (at 453\).) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 89 Tm (A plaintiff invoking equitable tolling to) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 878 0 obj 14727 endobj 879 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 859 0 R /OP11Font1 860 0 R /OP11Font2 861 0 R /OP11Font3 874 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_38 857 0 R >> >> endobj 880 0 obj [ 875 0 R 877 0 R ] endobj 881 0 obj [ 862 0 R 863 0 R 864 0 R 865 0 R 866 0 R 867 0 R 868 0 R 869 0 R 870 0 R 871 0 R 872 0 R 873 0 R ] endobj 856 0 obj << /Annots 881 0 R /Contents 880 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 879 0 R /Thumb 857 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 883 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 884 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_39 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream 4G ,b34hFygGE% Dv6Ў&DDDDgD_#h/Fy#:.!#Pi DDDdMh.#h<")""#9GEѸaDr#ueEpE&qY(g#L.:6$uADDb"""2tiфGGt]BGЄA DDDfy|GEу("x !@ b"""2KFmDDr./e DDfq./#L莈 #)tG#%(FtaDtaDE! h.fˣhj"")1GˣE|1CB (dt$""""":E4o.)PSD"%Њ C1h]фGˣ0f2>]o|"@ %DtaX!%фGQ+E#ڑ0B"#GDt]:6.Z,q">GQ db*К)>GLA""GE Iфitm>aX!eA\d| $1:#> endobj 886 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 250 590 278 602 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 887 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mem.in) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 279 591 283 599 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 888 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 66 577 91 590 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 889 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Opp.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 91 579 96 588 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 890 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 125 579 149 590 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 891 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Mot.to) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 149 579 154 588 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 892 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 143 510 161 522 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 893 0 obj << /A << /S /URI /Type /Action /URI (http://Id.at) >> /Border [ 0 0 0 ] /Rect [ 161 511 163 521 ] /Subtype /Link /Type /Trans >> endobj 894 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Italic /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font1 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 895 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Bold /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font2 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 560 500 500 1000 825 285 340 340 500 575 250 340 250 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 340 340 565 565 565 500 925 715 670 715 715 670 615 780 780 385 500 770 670 945 715 775 615 775 725 555 665 725 725 1000 720 720 665 335 275 335 580 500 340 500 555 445 555 450 340 500 555 280 340 555 280 830 555 500 555 555 445 390 340 555 500 730 500 500 445 395 225 395 525 350 500 350 340 500 500 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 1000 350 665 350 350 340 340 500 500 350 500 1000 340 1000 390 340 720 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 225 500 340 750 300 500 570 340 750 340 400 570 300 300 340 610 540 250 340 300 340 500 750 750 750 500 730 730 730 730 730 730 1000 720 680 680 680 680 380 380 380 380 730 730 780 780 780 780 780 575 780 730 730 730 730 730 610 560 500 500 500 500 500 500 730 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 560 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 560 560 560 560 500 560 500 ] >> endobj 896 0 obj << /Length 897 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 250 593 m 278 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 279 593 m 283 593 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 66 582 m 91 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 91 582 m 96 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 125 582 m 149 582 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 149 581 m 154 581 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 143 513 m 161 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 1 RG 1 w 161 513 m 163 513 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 120 319 m 158 319 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 165 319 m 170 319 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 177 319 m 229 319 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 152 205 m 187 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 193 205 m 284 205 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 66 160 m 81 160 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 87 160 m 105 160 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 112 160 m 129 160 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 108 137 m 149 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 154 137 m 168 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 173 137 m 191 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 195 137 m 220 137 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 190 103 m 284 103 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 72 92 m 85 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 161 92 m 179 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 192 92 m 209 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 219 92 m 228 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 232 92 m 245 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 251 92 m 273 92 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 441 707 m 539 707 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 695 m 383 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 391 695 m 430 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 439 695 m 448 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 457 695 m 498 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 506 695 m 513 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 521 695 m 539 695 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 684 m 384 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 394 683 m 403 683 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 412 684 m 453 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 462 684 m 468 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 477 684 m 491 684 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 422 558 m 456 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 463 558 m 535 558 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 454 365 m 499 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 365 m 538 365 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 353 m 350 353 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 504 342 m 538 342 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 321 331 m 398 331 l S endstream endobj 897 0 obj 2279 endobj 898 0 obj << /Length 899 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 755 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 744 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 744 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 732 Tm (\(N.D.111.\)\)) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 707 Tm (suspend the statute of limitations must bring suit) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 695 Tm (within a reasonable time after he has obtained, or by) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 684 Tm (due diligence could have obtained, the necessary) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 673 Tm (i) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 673 Tm (nformation.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 650 Tm (Plaintiffs assert that in this instance the only relevant) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 638 Tm (question as to equitable tolling is "whether the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 627 Tm (circumstances preventing the plaintiffs from gaining) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 616 Tm (equal access to the justice system over the past) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 604 Tm (decades are sufficiently extraordinary to justify) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 593 Tm (application of the equitable tolling doctrine.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 593 Tm (Mem. i) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 279 593 Tm (n) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 582 Tm (Opp. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 91 582 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 99 582 Tm (Defs.') Tj 0 0 1 rg 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 582 Tm (Mot. t) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 149 581 Tm (o) Tj 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 157 581 Tm (Dismiss I, at 19. Plaintiffs base) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 570 Tm (this assertion on the fact that they were only recently) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 558 Tm (able to obtain the necessary information to assert) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 547 Tm (their claims, as a result of the "uniquely catastrophic) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 536 Tm (historical) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 110 535 Tm (context from which their class is still) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 524 Tm (seeking to advance and from which the defendants) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 513 Tm (are still profiting.") Tj 0 0 1 rg 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 143 513 Tm (Id. a) Tj 70 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 513 Tm (t) Tj 0 0 0 rg 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 166 513 Tm (20.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 490 Tm (It is true that because of the institution of slavery, the) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 479 Tm (Jim Crow laws, and the lingering bigotries and) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 467 Tm (separatist views following the Civil) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 225 467 Tm (War, African-) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 456 Tm (Americans were obstructed from obtaining necessary) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 444 Tm (information on their claims and in some instances) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 433 Tm (access to the legal system. Nevertheless, Plaintiffs') Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 421 Tm (ancestors knew of their injury at the time that it) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 410 Tm (occurred. They knew, or should have known, that) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 398 Tm (they were wrongfully being forced to work without) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 387 Tm (compensation, and that somebody was making a) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 376 Tm (profit from their labor. Yet, neither Plaintiffs nor) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 365 Tm (their ancestors ever asserted these claims in a court of) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 353 Tm (law until now. Plaintiffs have not shown that they) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 342 Tm (acted with all due diligence in attempting to obtain) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 330 Tm (vital information about their claims, and assert them) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 319 Tm (ti) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 319 Tm (mely.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 100 319 Tm (See) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 319 Tm (Marbury,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 165 319 Tm (5) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 177 319 Tm (U.S. at 163) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 237 319 Tm (\("The very) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 308 Tm (essence of civil liberty certainly consists in the right) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 296 Tm (of every individual to claim the protection of the) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 285 Tm (laws, whenever he receives an injury"\).) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 262 Tm (Plaintiffs' contentions fly in the face of numerous) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 251 Tm (well-settled legal principles and history.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 250 251 Tm (African-) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 239 Tm (Americans, as well as various other ethnic groups,) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 228 Tm (have previously brought claims seeking reparations) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 217 Tm (in) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 80 217 Tm (one form or another, against both public and) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 205 Tm (private entities.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 205 Tm (See) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 152 205 Tm (Johnson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 193 205 Tm (45 App. D.C. at 440;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 134 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 194 Tm (see also Deutsch,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 148 194 Tm (317) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 168 194 Tm (F.3d) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 191 194 Tm (at 1028-29 \(affirming) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 183 Tm (dismissal) Tj 118 Tz 1 0 0 1 111 183 Tm (of slave labor claims against private) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 171 Tm (corporations as,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 134 171 Tm (inter alia,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 178 171 Tm (ti) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 183 171 Tm (me-barred\), amended by) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 160 Tm (324) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 87 160 Tm (F.3d) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 112 160 Tm (692;) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 136 160 Tm (Wolf, 95) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 160 Tm (F.3d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 160 Tm (at) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 160 Tm (544 \(dismissing) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 148 Tm (claims) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 102 148 Tm (against) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 148 Tm (private) Tj 1 0 0 1 179 148 Tm (defendant) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 229 148 Tm (on standing) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 137 Tm (grounds\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 108 137 Tm (Kelberine.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 154 137 Tm (363) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 173 137 Tm (F.2d) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 195 137 Tm (at 992) Tj 1 0 0 1 224 137 Tm (\(dismissing on) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 65 126 Tm (justiciability) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 125 126 Tm (and statute of limitations grounds) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 114 Tm (reparations claims for World War 11 era slave labor) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 103 Tm (against a private company\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 142 Tz 1 0 0 1 190 103 Tm (In re Nazi Era Cases) Tj 86 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 92 Tm (A) Tj 132 Tz 1 0 0 1 72 92 Tm (gai) Tj 127 Tz 1 0 0 1 85 92 Tm (nst) Tj 126 Tz 1 0 0 1 101 91 Tm (German Defen) Tj 129 Tz 1 0 0 1 161 92 Tm (dant) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 179 92 Tm (s) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 186 92 Tm (L) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 192 92 Tm (ing..) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 215 92 Tm (1) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 219 92 Tm (29) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 232 92 Tm (F.S) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 246 92 Tm (u) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 251 92 Tm (pp.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 277 92 Tm (at) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 512 Tm (4.) Tj 128 Tz 1 0 0 1 333 512 Tm (Conclusion) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 176 65 Tm ( 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 754 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 754 Tm (4) Tj 1 0 0 1 534 754 Tm (0) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 707 Tm (389 \(dismissing slave and) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 441 707 Tm (forced labor claims as) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 695 Tm (noniusticiable\);) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 391 695 Tm (Iwanowa.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 439 695 Tm (67) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 457 695 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 506 695 Tm (at) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 521 695 Tm (424;) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 684 Tm (Burger-Fischer.) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 394 683 Tm (65) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 412 684 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 81 Tz 1 0 0 1 462 684 Tm (at) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 684 Tm (248) Tj 80 Tz 1 0 0 1 492 684 Tm (.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 502 684 Tm (Plaintiffs) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 672 Tm (merely make vague assertions and generalizations as) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 661 Tm (to their claims and the state of the legal system.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 649 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 365 649 Tm (vague assertions and generalizations are) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 638 Tm (not enough to toll the statutes of limitations on their) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 627 Tm (claims. Plaintiffs' Complaint is nothing more than an) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 615 Tm (attempt to by-pass the various statutes of limitations) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 604 Tm (by chronicling the social inequities and injustices that) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 593 Tm (have befallen) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 387 593 Tm (African-Americans as a result of) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 581 Tm (slavery. The statutes of limitations, however, "are not) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 570 Tm (to be disregarded by courts out of a vague sympathy) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 558 Tm (for particular litigants.") Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 422 558 Tm (Morgan,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 558 Tm (122 S.Ct. at 2071) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 537 558 Tm (.) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 547 Tm (The doctrine of equitable tolling therefore does not) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 535 Tm (apply in this instance.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 490 Tm (*54 Plaintiffs' attempt to bring claims over a century) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 479 Tm (old) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 342 479 Tm (are) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 364 479 Tm (barred) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 399 479 Tm (by the applicable statutes of) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 467 Tm (li) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 326 467 Tm (mitations. Plaintiffs have failed to assert any factual) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 456 Tm (or legal basis for allowing them to proceed with their) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 444 Tm (cause of action in light of when their claims accrued) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 433 Tm (or) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 334 433 Tm (when, with due diligence, Plaintiffs found that) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 421 Tm (they would have accrued. Plaintiffs attempt to avoid) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 410 Tm (this) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 345 410 Tm (legal) Tj 1 0 0 1 375 410 Tm (reality) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 411 410 Tm (by) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 410 Tm (pleading) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 477 410 Tm (vague) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 511 410 Tm (factual) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 399 Tm (generalities and chronicling the social and economic) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 387 Tm (injustices that have befallen African-Americans due) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 376 Tm (to slavery. However, statutes of limitations serve to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 365 Tm (promote justice for litigants,) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 438 365 Tm (see) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 454 365 Tm (Donaldson,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 365 Tm (325 U.S.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 353 Tm (at 314,) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 355 354 Tm (which cannot be disregarded out of vague) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 342 Tm (sympathy for Plaintiffs and their claims.) Tj /OP11Font1 8 Tf 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 487 342 Tm (See) Tj 124 Tz 1 0 0 1 504 342 Tm (Morgan,) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 331 Tm (122 S.Ct. at 2071) Tj 40 Tz 1 0 0 1 400 331 Tm (.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 407 331 Tm (Therefore, the court finds that) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 319 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims are barred by the applicable statutes) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 308 Tm (of limitations.) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 389 285 Tm (V.) Tj /OP11Font2 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 285 Tm (CONCLUSION) Tj /OP11Font0 10 Tf 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 273 Tm (It) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 338 273 Tm (is) Tj 120 Tz 1 0 0 1 353 274 Tm (beyond debate that slavery has caused) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 262 Tm (tremendous) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 380 262 Tm (suffering) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 429 262 Tm (and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 456 262 Tm (ineliminable) Tj 94 Tz 1 0 0 1 519 262 Tm (scars) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 251 Tm (throughout our) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 395 251 Tm (Nation's) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 436 251 Tm (history.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 251 Tm (No reasonable) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 240 Tm (person can fail to recognize the malignant impact, in) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 228 Tm (body and spirit, on the millions of human beings held) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 217 Tm (as slaves in the United States. Neither can any) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 206 Tm (reasonable person, however, fail to appreciate the) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 194 Tm (massive, comprehensive, and dedicated undertaking) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 183 Tm (of the free to liberate the enslaved and preserve the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 171 Tm (Union.) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 359 171 Tm (Millions) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 405 171 Tm (fought) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 444 171 Tm (in) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 463 172 Tm (our) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 488 172 Tm (Civil) Tj 1 0 0 1 519 172 Tm (War.) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 160 Tm (Approximately six hundred and twenty thousand) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 148 Tm (died.) Tj 113 Tz 1 0 0 1 346 149 Tm (Three hundred and sixty thousand of these) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 137 Tm (individuals) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 374 137 Tm (were) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 402 137 Tm (Union troops.) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 472 137 Tm (Union soldiers,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 126 Tm (sailors,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 356 126 Tm (and) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 378 126 Tm (marines gave their lives on bloody) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 114 Tm (battlefields and the sea to maintain one sovereign) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 103 Tm (nation in which slavery would be eradicated. The) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 321 92 Tm (i) Tj 122 Tz 1 0 0 1 324 92 Tm (mpact of this struggle on the families of the) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 899 0 obj 13617 endobj 900 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 885 0 R /OP11Font1 894 0 R /OP11Font2 895 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_39 883 0 R >> >> endobj 901 0 obj [ 896 0 R 898 0 R ] endobj 902 0 obj [ 886 0 R 887 0 R 888 0 R 889 0 R 890 0 R 891 0 R 892 0 R 893 0 R ] endobj 882 0 obj << /Annots 902 0 R /Contents 901 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 900 0 R /Thumb 883 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 904 0 obj << /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace /DeviceGray /DecodeParms << /Columns 76 /K -1 >> /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Height 99 /ImageMask false /Length 905 0 R /Name /thumbnail_background_Page_40 /Subtype /Image /Type /XObject /Width 76 >> stream B*3H dtGDtG#; :tPpH qi8DuS<(G\PG "Pfh#t]I2]EAa  ETt6#jfP "GAD 8""""1h0DrWDvGR|/F| DtbeC#莢"""""""#:4h#4"` B^.":FgEFDDD #GFGDt]Dx 0E & iG@."""""""""# ֦f"qB1(C4Ftrgrw(r9;"""8jb#3GDtyGF2?h+ 0( """""2]R|Lʉ Dtfu!Db3DmG#Dg莈AE?6$"""""34GfqDu^ :"#EѼ#Ѿ"""!""1q"͢軙UG`""""3Rdt2:0?A$!32:7ټڈ"36GE>GFEP@""##@DdiT!:DtyYWDDq*|>q"""# endstream endobj 905 0 obj 652 endobj 906 0 obj << /BaseFont /Times-Roman /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /FirstChar 0 /LastChar 255 /Name /OP11Font0 /Subtype /Type1 /Type /Font /Widths [ 0 280 340 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 340 410 500 500 840 785 185 340 340 500 560 250 340 250 290 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 290 290 565 565 565 440 925 720 670 670 725 610 555 720 720 335 390 725 615 880 720 720 560 720 665 555 605 715 715 945 725 725 610 335 275 335 475 500 330 450 500 450 500 450 340 500 500 275 275 500 275 775 500 500 500 500 340 390 285 500 500 720 500 500 450 490 200 490 550 350 500 350 340 500 450 1000 500 500 340 1000 565 340 890 350 610 350 350 340 340 445 445 350 500 1000 340 990 390 340 730 350 450 730 250 340 500 500 500 500 210 500 340 770 280 500 570 340 770 340 410 570 300 300 340 510 460 250 340 300 310 500 750 750 750 445 720 720 720 720 720 720 885 675 615 615 615 615 340 340 340 340 720 720 720 720 720 720 720 565 720 720 720 720 720 720 560 500 450 450 450 450 450 450 670 450 450 450 450 450 280 280 280 280 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 565 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 ] >> endobj 907 0 obj << /Length 908 0 R >> stream [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 449 263 m 538 263 l S [ ] 0 d 0 0 0 RG 1 w 320 252 m 429 252 l S endstream endobj 908 0 obj 100 endobj 909 0 obj << /Length 910 0 R >> stream BT 0 g /OP11Font0 10 Tf 0 0 0 rg 1 0 0 1 66 756 Tm (2005 WL 1561509) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 71 744 Tm (---) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 744 Tm (F.Supp.2d) Tj 88 Tz 1 0 0 1 128 744 Tm (--) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 732 Tm (\(Cite as: 2005 WL 1561509) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 185 732 Tm (\(N.D.III.\)\)) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 708 Tm (wounded and the dead was immeasurable and lasting.) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 696 Tm (The victorious and the vanquished together shared) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 685 Tm (the cup of suffering. Death deprived the youthful) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 673 Tm (warriors of the opportunities that survivors of the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 662 Tm (War would enjoy. The impact of this struggle on the) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 651 Tm (Union as a whole was also significant. The enslavers) Tj 111 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 639 Tm (in the United States who resisted or failed to end) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 628 Tm (human chattel slavery sustained great personal and) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 616 Tm (economic loss during and following the four years of) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 605 Tm (the) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 83 605 Tm (War. Generations of Americans were burdened) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 594 Tm (with paying the social, political, and financial costs) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 582 Tm (of this horrific) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 126 582 Tm (War.) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 559 Tm (Finally, in 1865, this great human and economic) Tj 95 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 548 Tm (tragedy) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 107 548 Tm (ended.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 145 548 Tm (The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 172 548 Tm (ultimate) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 216 548 Tm (objectives,) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 271 548 Tm (the) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 536 Tm (preservation of the Union and the eradication of) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 525 Tm (slavery, were accomplished. The "yoke of bondage") Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 514 Tm (was removed from Garrison Frazier, to whom we) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 503 Tm (earlier referred, and) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 157 502 Tm (millions of other slaves. The) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 491 Tm (freed slaves then began another journey, this time not) Tj 119 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 480 Tm (from captivity to slavery, but from slavery to) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 468 Tm (citizenship and equality under the law. All of the) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 457 Tm (participants) Tj 117 Tz 1 0 0 1 120 457 Tm (had endured great suffering in this) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 445 Tm (momentous conflict. It takes little imagination to) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 434 Tm (understand) Tj 1 0 0 1 124 434 Tm (the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 151 434 Tm (tremendous) Tj 1 0 0 1 213 434 Tm (disruption) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 269 434 Tm (and) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 422 Tm (destabilization the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 153 422 Tm (Civil) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 182 422 Tm (War caused America's) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 411 Tm (existing social and political institutions. And yet, the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 400 Tm (dark clouds following the War were giving way to a) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 388 Tm (future brighter than the great majority could have) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 377 Tm (i) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 377 Tm (magined in 1865. The extremely difficult task of) Tj 115 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 366 Tm (amending the) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 141 366 Tm (Constitution) Tj 93 Tz 1 0 0 1 203 366 Tm (three) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 366 Tm (ti) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 240 366 Tm (mes) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 268 366 Tm (was) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 354 Tm (accomplished in approximately five years, granting) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 343 Tm (former slaves freedom, citizenship, and the right to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 331 Tm (vote. The citizens of the Union would move onward) Tj 89 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 320 Tm (to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 77 320 Tm (meet the challenge made by President Lincoln on) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 308 Tm (March 4, 1865, "to achieve and cherish a just and) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 297 Tm (lasting peace, among ourselves and with all nations.") Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 68 274 Tm (*55 Plaintiffs' Complaint, which seeks reparations) Tj 1 0 0 1 66 263 Tm (for Defendants' alleged roles in chattel slavery, the) Tj 72 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 252 Tm (i) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 69 252 Tm (nstitution that precipitated this great conflict, fails) Tj 112 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 240 Tm (based on numerous well-settled legal principles.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 229 Tm (First, Plaintiffs' claims are beyond the constitutional) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 218 Tm (authority of this court.) Tj 1 0 0 1 162 218 Tm (Without alleging any specific) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 206 Tm (connection) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 118 206 Tm (between themselves and the named) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 195 Tm (Defendants, Plaintiffs lack essential constitutional) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 184 Tm (standing requirements to bring their claims. Second,) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 172 Tm (prudential) Tj 90 Tz 1 0 0 1 116 172 Tm (li) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 122 172 Tm (mitations) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 169 172 Tm (prohibit) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 211 172 Tm (the) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 234 172 Tm (court) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 264 172 Tm (from) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 161 Tm (deciding such broad questions of social importance) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 150 Tm (when such claims are brought on behalf of absent) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 138 Tm (third parties, as Plaintiffs attempt here. Third, the) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 127 Tm (long-standing and well-reasoned political question) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 115 Tm (doctrine bars the court from deciding the issue of) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 104 Tm (slavery reparations, an issue that has been historically) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 66 93 Tm (and constitutionally committed to the Legislative and) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 708 Tm (Executive branches of our government. Fourth,) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 696 Tm (Plaintiffs' claims are untimely. Conceding that many) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 684 Tm (of the torts alleged in the Complaint occurred prior to) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 673 Tm (the formal end of slavery, Plaintiffs fail to show how) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 662 Tm (any of these claims fall within the applicable statutes) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 650 Tm (of limitations. Finally, under the rules of procedure) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 639 Tm (which guide the federal judicial system, Plaintiffs') Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 628 Tm (Complaint fails to state a claim upon which relief can) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 616 Tm (be granted, a serious defect the court cannot overlook) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 605 Tm (regardless how egregious the circumstances giving) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 593 Tm (rise to the claims.) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 323 571 Tm (In summary, Plaintiffs' attempt to bring these claims) Tj 108 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 559 Tm (more than a century after the end of the Civil War) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 548 Tm (and the formal abolition of slavery fails; this) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 536 Tm (determination is consistent with the position taken by) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 525 Tm (numerous courts which have considered the issue) Tj 104 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 514 Tm (over the last century. Ultimately, the legal obstacles) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 502 Tm (prohibiting judicial resolution of such claims cannot) Tj 106 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 491 Tm (be circumvented by the courts. Moreover, from the) Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 480 Tm (onset of the Civil War until present, the historical) Tj 102 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 468 Tm (record clearly shows that the President and Congress) Tj 110 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 457 Tm (have the constitutional authority to determine the) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 445 Tm (nature and scope of the relief sought in this case, not) Tj 114 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 434 Tm (the courts. This is historically manifested in the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 422 Tm (signing) Tj 116 Tz 1 0 0 1 358 422 Tm (of the Emancipation Proclamation, the) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 411 Tm (enactment) Tj 121 Tz 1 0 0 1 372 411 Tm (of the Thirteenth,) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 468 411 Tm (Fourteenth,) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 524 411 Tm (and) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 400 Tm (Fifteenth) Tj 125 Tz 1 0 0 1 368 400 Tm (Amendments to the United States) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 388 Tm (Constitution, and the promulgation of over a century) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 377 Tm (of civil rights legislation and governmental programs.) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 366 Tm (The sensitive ear has heard the collective "thank you") Tj 109 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 354 Tm (from those who were freed, as well as the historic) Tj 105 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 343 Tm (apologies in words and deeds from persons of good) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 331 Tm (will for the evils of slavery.) Tj 123 Tz 1 0 0 1 322 309 Tm (The court therefore finds that the defects in) Tj 98 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 297 Tm (Plaintiffs') Tj 1 0 0 1 370 297 Tm (Second) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 410 297 Tm (Consolidated) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 475 297 Tm (and) Tj 97 Tz 1 0 0 1 500 297 Tm (Amended) Tj 107 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 286 Tm (Complaint cannot be cured by further amendment.) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 275 Tm (For the foregoing reasons, Defendants' Joint Motion) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 263 Tm (to Dismiss brought pursuant to) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 449 263 Tm (Federal Rules of Civil) Tj 1 0 0 1 320 252 Tm (Procedure 12\(b\)\(1\) and \(6\)) Tj 99 Tz 1 0 0 1 432 252 Tm (is granted with prejudice.) Tj 1 0 0 1 323 229 Tm (IT IS SO ORDERED.) Tj 101 Tz 1 0 0 1 320 206 Tm (END OF DOCUMENT) Tj 103 Tz 1 0 0 1 175 66 Tm (0 2005 Thomson/West. No Claim to Orig. U.S. Govt. Works.) Tj 96 Tz 1 0 0 1 507 755 Tm (Page) Tj 100 Tz 1 0 0 1 529 755 Tm (4) Tj 60 Tz 1 0 0 1 535 755 Tm (1) Tj 0 g ET endstream endobj 910 0 obj 9604 endobj 911 0 obj << /Font << /OP11Font0 906 0 R >> /ProcSet 3 0 R /XObject << /thumbnail_background_Page_40 904 0 R >> >> endobj 912 0 obj [ 907 0 R 909 0 R ] endobj 913 0 obj [ ] endobj 903 0 obj << /Annots 913 0 R /Contents 912 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 611 792 ] /Parent 1 0 R /Resources 911 0 R /Thumb 904 0 R /Type /Page >> endobj 1 0 obj << /Count 41 /Kids [ 4 0 R 16 0 R 58 0 R 81 0 R 112 0 R 125 0 R 141 0 R 173 0 R 207 0 R 220 0 R 232 0 R 244 0 R 259 0 R 276 0 R 301 0 R 326 0 R 354 0 R 375 0 R 390 0 R 432 0 R 453 0 R 466 0 R 488 0 R 519 0 R 541 0 R 553 0 R 567 0 R 585 0 R 620 0 R 632 0 R 657 0 R 671 0 R 684 0 R 703 0 R 718 0 R 751 0 R 775 0 R 820 0 R 856 0 R 882 0 R 903 0 R ] /Type /Pages >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Type /Outlines >> endobj 3 0 obj [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] endobj 914 0 obj << /CreationDate (D:20050719080908Z00'00') /Creator (OmniPage 11 http://www.scansoft.com) /Producer (OmniPage 11 http://www.scansoft.com) >> endobj 915 0 obj << /Outlines 2 0 R /Pages 1 0 R /Type /Catalog >> endobj xref 0 916 0000000000 65535 f 0000904255 00000 n 0000904686 00000 n 0000904731 00000 n 0000019744 00000 n 0000000010 00000 n 0000000966 00000 n 0000000988 00000 n 0000002191 00000 n 0000003396 00000 n 0000006885 00000 n 0000006909 00000 n 0000019495 00000 n 0000019520 00000 n 0000019683 00000 n 0000019721 00000 n 0000043462 00000 n 0000019906 00000 n 0000020915 00000 n 0000020938 00000 n 0000022142 00000 n 0000023347 00000 n 0000023530 00000 n 0000023713 00000 n 0000023896 00000 n 0000024079 00000 n 0000024258 00000 n 0000024437 00000 n 0000024610 00000 n 0000024783 00000 n 0000024963 00000 n 0000025143 00000 n 0000025321 00000 n 0000025499 00000 n 0000025677 00000 n 0000025855 00000 n 0000026033 00000 n 0000026211 00000 n 0000026389 00000 n 0000026567 00000 n 0000026749 00000 n 0000026931 00000 n 0000027111 00000 n 0000027291 00000 n 0000027471 00000 n 0000027651 00000 n 0000027831 00000 n 0000028011 00000 n 0000028191 00000 n 0000028362 00000 n 0000028533 00000 n 0000028704 00000 n 0000030262 00000 n 0000030286 00000 n 0000042969 00000 n 0000042994 00000 n 0000043160 00000 n 0000043199 00000 n 0000061987 00000 n 0000043626 00000 n 0000044646 00000 n 0000044669 00000 n 0000045873 00000 n 0000046052 00000 n 0000046231 00000 n 0000047436 00000 n 0000047615 00000 n 0000047794 00000 n 0000047973 00000 n 0000048152 00000 n 0000048331 00000 n 0000048504 00000 n 0000048677 00000 n 0000048849 00000 n 0000049020 00000 n 0000050078 00000 n 0000050101 00000 n 0000061646 00000 n 0000061671 00000 n 0000061837 00000 n 0000061876 00000 n 0000082064 00000 n 0000062151 00000 n 0000063157 00000 n 0000063180 00000 n 0000064384 00000 n 0000065589 00000 n 0000065767 00000 n 0000065946 00000 n 0000066126 00000 n 0000066306 00000 n 0000066484 00000 n 0000066662 00000 n 0000066840 00000 n 0000067018 00000 n 0000067195 00000 n 0000067372 00000 n 0000067575 00000 n 0000067778 00000 n 0000067963 00000 n 0000068148 00000 n 0000068331 00000 n 0000068514 00000 n 0000068718 00000 n 0000068922 00000 n 0000069126 00000 n 0000070141 00000 n 0000070165 00000 n 0000081648 00000 n 0000081674 00000 n 0000081841 00000 n 0000081883 00000 n 0000099638 00000 n 0000082231 00000 n 0000083218 00000 n 0000083242 00000 n 0000084447 00000 n 0000085653 00000 n 0000086868 00000 n 0000087932 00000 n 0000087956 00000 n 0000099354 00000 n 0000099380 00000 n 0000099572 00000 n 0000099614 00000 n 0000114383 00000 n 0000099807 00000 n 0000100853 00000 n 0000100877 00000 n 0000102082 00000 n 0000102256 00000 n 0000102430 00000 n 0000102604 00000 n 0000102785 00000 n 0000102966 00000 n 0000103282 00000 n 0000103306 00000 n 0000114098 00000 n 0000114124 00000 n 0000114272 00000 n 0000114314 00000 n 0000138186 00000 n 0000114552 00000 n 0000115596 00000 n 0000115620 00000 n 0000116825 00000 n 0000118031 00000 n 0000118205 00000 n 0000118379 00000 n 0000118553 00000 n 0000118727 00000 n 0000118901 00000 n 0000119073 00000 n 0000119245 00000 n 0000119417 00000 n 0000119591 00000 n 0000119765 00000 n 0000120980 00000 n 0000121161 00000 n 0000121342 00000 n 0000121523 00000 n 0000121697 00000 n 0000121871 00000 n 0000122052 00000 n 0000122233 00000 n 0000122414 00000 n 0000122595 00000 n 0000124549 00000 n 0000124574 00000 n 0000137731 00000 n 0000137757 00000 n 0000137949 00000 n 0000137991 00000 n 0000163043 00000 n 0000138355 00000 n 0000139435 00000 n 0000139459 00000 n 0000140664 00000 n 0000140836 00000 n 0000141008 00000 n 0000141180 00000 n 0000142386 00000 n 0000142578 00000 n 0000142770 00000 n 0000142944 00000 n 0000143118 00000 n 0000143296 00000 n 0000143475 00000 n 0000143654 00000 n 0000143833 00000 n 0000144021 00000 n 0000144209 00000 n 0000144397 00000 n 0000145612 00000 n 0000145786 00000 n 0000145960 00000 n 0000146147 00000 n 0000146334 00000 n 0000146512 00000 n 0000146690 00000 n 0000146868 00000 n 0000148674 00000 n 0000148699 00000 n 0000162570 00000 n 0000162596 00000 n 0000162788 00000 n 0000162830 00000 n 0000183751 00000 n 0000163212 00000 n 0000164223 00000 n 0000164247 00000 n 0000165452 00000 n 0000166661 00000 n 0000167867 00000 n 0000170221 00000 n 0000170246 00000 n 0000183467 00000 n 0000183493 00000 n 0000183685 00000 n 0000183727 00000 n 0000200343 00000 n 0000183920 00000 n 0000184859 00000 n 0000184883 00000 n 0000186088 00000 n 0000187294 00000 n 0000188058 00000 n 0000188082 00000 n 0000200081 00000 n 0000200107 00000 n 0000200277 00000 n 0000200319 00000 n 0000216652 00000 n 0000200512 00000 n 0000201501 00000 n 0000201525 00000 n 0000202730 00000 n 0000203936 00000 n 0000204002 00000 n 0000204024 00000 n 0000216389 00000 n 0000216415 00000 n 0000216586 00000 n 0000216628 00000 n 0000236245 00000 n 0000216821 00000 n 0000217812 00000 n 0000217836 00000 n 0000219041 00000 n 0000220256 00000 n 0000221465 00000 n 0000222671 00000 n 0000223871 00000 n 0000224037 00000 n 0000224061 00000 n 0000235916 00000 n 0000235942 00000 n 0000236179 00000 n 0000236221 00000 n 0000257564 00000 n 0000236414 00000 n 0000237472 00000 n 0000237496 00000 n 0000238701 00000 n 0000239907 00000 n 0000240095 00000 n 0000240283 00000 n 0000240471 00000 n 0000240659 00000 n 0000241874 00000 n 0000243230 00000 n 0000243255 00000 n 0000257243 00000 n 0000257269 00000 n 0000257462 00000 n 0000257504 00000 n 0000280147 00000 n 0000257733 00000 n 0000258759 00000 n 0000258783 00000 n 0000259988 00000 n 0000261194 00000 n 0000262409 00000 n 0000262584 00000 n 0000262759 00000 n 0000262939 00000 n 0000263119 00000 n 0000263300 00000 n 0000263481 00000 n 0000263656 00000 n 0000263831 00000 n 0000264006 00000 n 0000264181 00000 n 0000264356 00000 n 0000264531 00000 n 0000266294 00000 n 0000266319 00000 n 0000279754 00000 n 0000279780 00000 n 0000279973 00000 n 0000280015 00000 n 0000303001 00000 n 0000280316 00000 n 0000281336 00000 n 0000281360 00000 n 0000282565 00000 n 0000283771 00000 n 0000283946 00000 n 0000284121 00000 n 0000284296 00000 n 0000284471 00000 n 0000284645 00000 n 0000284819 00000 n 0000284993 00000 n 0000286201 00000 n 0000286375 00000 n 0000286549 00000 n 0000286723 00000 n 0000286897 00000 n 0000287071 00000 n 0000289382 00000 n 0000289407 00000 n 0000302608 00000 n 0000302634 00000 n 0000302827 00000 n 0000302869 00000 n 0000329605 00000 n 0000303170 00000 n 0000304213 00000 n 0000304237 00000 n 0000305442 00000 n 0000306648 00000 n 0000307856 00000 n 0000308031 00000 n 0000308206 00000 n 0000308381 00000 n 0000308556 00000 n 0000308731 00000 n 0000308906 00000 n 0000309081 00000 n 0000309256 00000 n 0000309431 00000 n 0000309606 00000 n 0000309781 00000 n 0000309956 00000 n 0000310131 00000 n 0000310313 00000 n 0000310495 00000 n 0000314741 00000 n 0000314766 00000 n 0000329185 00000 n 0000329211 00000 n 0000329404 00000 n 0000329446 00000 n 0000350709 00000 n 0000329774 00000 n 0000330787 00000 n 0000330811 00000 n 0000332016 00000 n 0000333222 00000 n 0000333397 00000 n 0000333572 00000 n 0000333747 00000 n 0000333922 00000 n 0000334097 00000 n 0000334272 00000 n 0000334446 00000 n 0000334620 00000 n 0000335835 00000 n 0000337092 00000 n 0000337117 00000 n 0000350352 00000 n 0000350378 00000 n 0000350571 00000 n 0000350613 00000 n 0000371180 00000 n 0000350878 00000 n 0000351920 00000 n 0000351944 00000 n 0000353149 00000 n 0000354355 00000 n 0000355570 00000 n 0000355751 00000 n 0000355932 00000 n 0000357692 00000 n 0000357717 00000 n 0000370877 00000 n 0000370903 00000 n 0000371096 00000 n 0000371138 00000 n 0000399415 00000 n 0000371349 00000 n 0000372387 00000 n 0000372411 00000 n 0000373616 00000 n 0000374822 00000 n 0000374997 00000 n 0000375172 00000 n 0000375347 00000 n 0000375522 00000 n 0000375697 00000 n 0000375872 00000 n 0000376047 00000 n 0000376222 00000 n 0000376396 00000 n 0000376571 00000 n 0000376746 00000 n 0000376921 00000 n 0000377095 00000 n 0000377268 00000 n 0000377442 00000 n 0000377615 00000 n 0000377790 00000 n 0000377965 00000 n 0000378140 00000 n 0000378315 00000 n 0000378490 00000 n 0000378665 00000 n 0000378840 00000 n 0000379015 00000 n 0000379190 00000 n 0000379365 00000 n 0000379540 00000 n 0000379715 00000 n 0000379890 00000 n 0000380065 00000 n 0000383661 00000 n 0000383686 00000 n 0000398882 00000 n 0000398908 00000 n 0000399079 00000 n 0000399121 00000 n 0000421234 00000 n 0000399584 00000 n 0000400620 00000 n 0000400644 00000 n 0000401849 00000 n 0000403055 00000 n 0000403230 00000 n 0000403405 00000 n 0000403580 00000 n 0000403755 00000 n 0000403930 00000 n 0000404105 00000 n 0000404279 00000 n 0000404453 00000 n 0000404627 00000 n 0000407137 00000 n 0000407162 00000 n 0000420890 00000 n 0000420916 00000 n 0000421087 00000 n 0000421129 00000 n 0000443527 00000 n 0000421403 00000 n 0000422452 00000 n 0000422476 00000 n 0000423681 00000 n 0000424887 00000 n 0000426102 00000 n 0000428901 00000 n 0000428926 00000 n 0000443242 00000 n 0000443268 00000 n 0000443461 00000 n 0000443503 00000 n 0000468797 00000 n 0000443696 00000 n 0000444750 00000 n 0000444774 00000 n 0000445979 00000 n 0000447185 00000 n 0000448400 00000 n 0000448575 00000 n 0000448750 00000 n 0000448925 00000 n 0000449100 00000 n 0000449287 00000 n 0000449474 00000 n 0000449661 00000 n 0000449848 00000 n 0000450035 00000 n 0000453793 00000 n 0000453818 00000 n 0000468431 00000 n 0000468457 00000 n 0000468650 00000 n 0000468692 00000 n 0000496817 00000 n 0000468966 00000 n 0000469949 00000 n 0000469973 00000 n 0000471178 00000 n 0000472384 00000 n 0000473599 00000 n 0000473774 00000 n 0000473949 00000 n 0000474124 00000 n 0000474299 00000 n 0000474473 00000 n 0000474648 00000 n 0000474823 00000 n 0000474998 00000 n 0000475173 00000 n 0000475348 00000 n 0000475523 00000 n 0000475698 00000 n 0000475873 00000 n 0000476048 00000 n 0000476221 00000 n 0000476394 00000 n 0000476576 00000 n 0000476758 00000 n 0000480456 00000 n 0000480481 00000 n 0000496370 00000 n 0000496396 00000 n 0000496589 00000 n 0000496631 00000 n 0000520583 00000 n 0000496986 00000 n 0000498001 00000 n 0000498025 00000 n 0000499230 00000 n 0000500439 00000 n 0000501645 00000 n 0000501820 00000 n 0000501995 00000 n 0000502170 00000 n 0000502345 00000 n 0000502520 00000 n 0000502695 00000 n 0000502880 00000 n 0000503066 00000 n 0000504281 00000 n 0000506591 00000 n 0000506616 00000 n 0000520204 00000 n 0000520230 00000 n 0000520445 00000 n 0000520487 00000 n 0000538466 00000 n 0000520752 00000 n 0000521799 00000 n 0000521823 00000 n 0000523028 00000 n 0000524234 00000 n 0000525197 00000 n 0000525221 00000 n 0000538203 00000 n 0000538229 00000 n 0000538400 00000 n 0000538442 00000 n 0000557382 00000 n 0000538635 00000 n 0000539628 00000 n 0000539652 00000 n 0000540857 00000 n 0000542063 00000 n 0000542250 00000 n 0000542437 00000 n 0000543994 00000 n 0000544019 00000 n 0000557101 00000 n 0000557127 00000 n 0000557298 00000 n 0000557340 00000 n 0000574299 00000 n 0000557551 00000 n 0000558569 00000 n 0000558593 00000 n 0000559798 00000 n 0000561004 00000 n 0000561178 00000 n 0000561352 00000 n 0000561526 00000 n 0000561700 00000 n 0000561874 00000 n 0000562048 00000 n 0000562514 00000 n 0000562538 00000 n 0000573982 00000 n 0000574008 00000 n 0000574179 00000 n 0000574221 00000 n 0000600950 00000 n 0000574468 00000 n 0000575575 00000 n 0000575599 00000 n 0000576804 00000 n 0000578010 00000 n 0000578185 00000 n 0000578360 00000 n 0000578535 00000 n 0000578710 00000 n 0000578885 00000 n 0000579060 00000 n 0000579235 00000 n 0000579410 00000 n 0000580610 00000 n 0000580785 00000 n 0000580960 00000 n 0000581135 00000 n 0000581310 00000 n 0000581485 00000 n 0000581660 00000 n 0000581835 00000 n 0000582010 00000 n 0000582185 00000 n 0000582360 00000 n 0000582535 00000 n 0000582710 00000 n 0000582892 00000 n 0000583074 00000 n 0000586081 00000 n 0000586106 00000 n 0000600467 00000 n 0000600493 00000 n 0000600686 00000 n 0000600728 00000 n 0000619095 00000 n 0000601119 00000 n 0000602138 00000 n 0000602162 00000 n 0000603367 00000 n 0000604573 00000 n 0000606281 00000 n 0000606306 00000 n 0000618832 00000 n 0000618858 00000 n 0000619029 00000 n 0000619071 00000 n 0000643050 00000 n 0000619264 00000 n 0000620265 00000 n 0000620289 00000 n 0000621494 00000 n 0000622700 00000 n 0000622875 00000 n 0000623050 00000 n 0000623224 00000 n 0000623399 00000 n 0000623574 00000 n 0000623749 00000 n 0000623923 00000 n 0000624098 00000 n 0000624273 00000 n 0000624448 00000 n 0000624623 00000 n 0000624798 00000 n 0000626013 00000 n 0000629370 00000 n 0000629395 00000 n 0000642657 00000 n 0000642683 00000 n 0000642876 00000 n 0000642918 00000 n 0000663915 00000 n 0000643219 00000 n 0000644269 00000 n 0000644293 00000 n 0000645498 00000 n 0000646704 00000 n 0000646890 00000 n 0000647077 00000 n 0000650033 00000 n 0000650058 00000 n 0000663634 00000 n 0000663660 00000 n 0000663831 00000 n 0000663873 00000 n 0000688444 00000 n 0000664084 00000 n 0000665139 00000 n 0000665163 00000 n 0000666368 00000 n 0000667574 00000 n 0000668774 00000 n 0000672623 00000 n 0000672648 00000 n 0000688159 00000 n 0000688185 00000 n 0000688378 00000 n 0000688420 00000 n 0000711090 00000 n 0000688613 00000 n 0000689660 00000 n 0000689684 00000 n 0000690889 00000 n 0000692095 00000 n 0000692278 00000 n 0000692459 00000 n 0000692641 00000 n 0000692824 00000 n 0000692998 00000 n 0000693172 00000 n 0000693346 00000 n 0000696986 00000 n 0000697011 00000 n 0000710764 00000 n 0000710790 00000 n 0000710961 00000 n 0000711003 00000 n 0000729436 00000 n 0000711259 00000 n 0000712288 00000 n 0000712312 00000 n 0000713517 00000 n 0000714723 00000 n 0000714897 00000 n 0000715071 00000 n 0000715245 00000 n 0000717159 00000 n 0000717184 00000 n 0000729146 00000 n 0000729172 00000 n 0000729343 00000 n 0000729385 00000 n 0000756933 00000 n 0000729605 00000 n 0000730624 00000 n 0000730648 00000 n 0000731853 00000 n 0000733059 00000 n 0000733238 00000 n 0000733417 00000 n 0000733596 00000 n 0000733771 00000 n 0000733946 00000 n 0000734137 00000 n 0000734328 00000 n 0000734519 00000 n 0000734710 00000 n 0000734901 00000 n 0000735092 00000 n 0000735283 00000 n 0000735474 00000 n 0000735665 00000 n 0000735856 00000 n 0000736047 00000 n 0000736238 00000 n 0000736429 00000 n 0000736613 00000 n 0000736795 00000 n 0000736977 00000 n 0000741781 00000 n 0000741806 00000 n 0000756481 00000 n 0000756507 00000 n 0000756678 00000 n 0000756720 00000 n 0000783465 00000 n 0000757102 00000 n 0000758132 00000 n 0000758156 00000 n 0000759361 00000 n 0000760567 00000 n 0000760762 00000 n 0000760957 00000 n 0000761152 00000 n 0000761347 00000 n 0000761541 00000 n 0000761735 00000 n 0000761927 00000 n 0000762120 00000 n 0000762315 00000 n 0000762510 00000 n 0000762705 00000 n 0000763912 00000 n 0000767902 00000 n 0000767927 00000 n 0000783081 00000 n 0000783107 00000 n 0000783300 00000 n 0000783342 00000 n 0000809068 00000 n 0000783634 00000 n 0000784668 00000 n 0000784692 00000 n 0000785897 00000 n 0000787103 00000 n 0000787286 00000 n 0000787469 00000 n 0000787652 00000 n 0000787827 00000 n 0000788002 00000 n 0000788177 00000 n 0000788352 00000 n 0000788527 00000 n 0000788702 00000 n 0000788877 00000 n 0000789052 00000 n 0000789227 00000 n 0000789402 00000 n 0000789577 00000 n 0000789752 00000 n 0000789927 00000 n 0000790102 00000 n 0000790277 00000 n 0000790452 00000 n 0000790627 00000 n 0000790802 00000 n 0000790977 00000 n 0000791152 00000 n 0000791337 00000 n 0000791522 00000 n 0000791707 00000 n 0000791882 00000 n 0000792057 00000 n 0000792237 00000 n 0000792417 00000 n 0000792597 00000 n 0000792772 00000 n 0000792947 00000 n 0000795860 00000 n 0000795885 00000 n 0000808508 00000 n 0000808534 00000 n 0000808705 00000 n 0000808747 00000 n 0000840764 00000 n 0000809237 00000 n 0000810230 00000 n 0000810254 00000 n 0000811459 00000 n 0000812665 00000 n 0000813880 00000 n 0000815088 00000 n 0000815263 00000 n 0000815438 00000 n 0000815613 00000 n 0000815788 00000 n 0000815962 00000 n 0000816137 00000 n 0000816321 00000 n 0000816505 00000 n 0000816689 00000 n 0000816864 00000 n 0000817039 00000 n 0000817214 00000 n 0000817389 00000 n 0000817564 00000 n 0000817739 00000 n 0000817924 00000 n 0000818109 00000 n 0000818294 00000 n 0000818469 00000 n 0000818644 00000 n 0000818819 00000 n 0000818994 00000 n 0000824941 00000 n 0000824966 00000 n 0000840259 00000 n 0000840285 00000 n 0000840500 00000 n 0000840542 00000 n 0000868995 00000 n 0000840933 00000 n 0000841972 00000 n 0000841996 00000 n 0000843201 00000 n 0000844407 00000 n 0000845607 00000 n 0000845781 00000 n 0000845956 00000 n 0000846131 00000 n 0000846306 00000 n 0000846481 00000 n 0000846656 00000 n 0000846829 00000 n 0000847003 00000 n 0000847178 00000 n 0000847353 00000 n 0000847528 00000 n 0000847703 00000 n 0000848918 00000 n 0000853762 00000 n 0000853787 00000 n 0000868580 00000 n 0000868606 00000 n 0000868821 00000 n 0000868863 00000 n 0000891631 00000 n 0000869164 00000 n 0000870183 00000 n 0000870207 00000 n 0000871412 00000 n 0000871587 00000 n 0000871762 00000 n 0000871935 00000 n 0000872108 00000 n 0000872283 00000 n 0000872458 00000 n 0000872632 00000 n 0000872806 00000 n 0000874012 00000 n 0000875221 00000 n 0000877566 00000 n 0000877591 00000 n 0000891274 00000 n 0000891300 00000 n 0000891493 00000 n 0000891535 00000 n 0000904086 00000 n 0000891800 00000 n 0000892757 00000 n 0000892781 00000 n 0000893986 00000 n 0000894152 00000 n 0000894176 00000 n 0000903846 00000 n 0000903871 00000 n 0000904020 00000 n 0000904062 00000 n 0000904788 00000 n 0000904958 00000 n trailer << /Info 914 0 R /Root 915 0 R /Size 916 >> startxref 905039 %%EOF