Turks in Hungary
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| "Ottoman Turkish": 1,565 (2001 census)[1] "Bulgarian-Turkish": 91 (2001 census)[1] Turkish citizens: 2,500 (2015 est.) | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Budapest, Pécs, Siklós | |
| Languages | |
| Turkish · Hungarian | |
| Religion | |
| Islam, Christianity, irreligious |
The Turks in Hungary, also referred to as Turkish Hungarians and Hungarian Turks, (Hungarian: Magyarországi törökök, Turkish: Macaristan Türkleri) refers to ethnic Turks living in Hungary. The Turkish people first began to migrate predominantly from Anatolia during the Ottoman rule of Hungary (1541-1699). A second wave of Ottoman-Turkish migration occurred in the late 19th century when relations between the Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire improved; most of these immigrants settled in Budapest.[2] Moreover, there has also been a recent migration of Turks from the Republic of Turkey, as well as other post-Ottoman states (such as Bulgaria).[1]
History
[edit]Culture
[edit]Language
[edit]Most Hungarian Turks are bilingual and can speak both Turkish and Hungarian. Moreover, due to the Ottoman rule during the 16th-17th centuries, the Turkish language has also influenced greater Hungarian society; today, there are still numerous Turkish loanwords in the Hungarian language.[3]
| Turkish | Hungarian | English |
|---|---|---|
| Cebimde çok küçük elma var[4] | Zsebemben sok kicsi alma van[4] | I have many small apples in my pocket |
Religion
[edit]The Turkish people, alongside the Arabs, make up the majority of the Muslim population in Hungary.[5] Several Ottoman-Turkish historical mosques are used by the Muslim community, including the Yakovali Hassan Pasha Mosque in Pécs, and the Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos.[6]
-
The Eger minaret. -
Mosque of Pasha Qasim in Pécs (now a church). -
Malkoch Bey Mosque in Siklos -
Yakovali Hassan Mosque in Pécs
Population
[edit]According to the 2001 census, 2,711 inhabitants declared their language under the "Turkish language family", of which, the majority (57.73%) stated that they belonged to the "Ottoman Turkish" ethnicity (1,565).[1] Furthermore, 12 individuals declared to be "Turk" and 91 "Bulgarian-Turkish" (see Bulgarian Turks); the rest declared other Turkic ethnicities.[1] In the 2011 census 5,209 inhabitants declared themselves under "Török nyelvek" ("Turkish languages"); however, the publication does not show the distinction between different Turkic groups.[7]
In addition, there is also approximately 2,500 recent Turkish immigrants from Turkey living in Hungary.[8]
Organizations and associations
[edit]In 2005 the Turkish community, alongside ethnic Hungarian Muslims, established "The Dialogue Platform".[9] By 2012, a new Turkish cultural association the "Gül Baba Turkish-Hungarian Cultural Association" was established in Szentendre, near Budapest.[9]
Notable people
[edit]- Zakaria Erzinçlioğlu, Britain's leading forensic entomologist[10]
- György Ekrem-Kemál, far-right politician (Turkish father and Hungarian mother)[11]
- İbrahim Peçevi, Ottoman historian-chronicler (Turkish father and Bosnian mother); his name means "İbrahim of Pécs"
- Can Togay, actor, film director, and creator of the Shoes on the Danube Bank Holocaust memorial[12]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e Hungarian Central Statistical Office. "Factors of the nationality of the population based on affiliation with cultural values, knowledge of languages". Retrieved 2013-05-21.
- ^ Melek, Çolak (2007), "Macaristan'da Müslümanlık ve İmam Abdüllatif Efendi (1909-1946)" (PDF), International Congress of Asian and North African Studies, 38: 1002
- ^ Medgyes, Péter; Miklósy, Katalin (2005), "The Language Situation in Hungary", in Kaplan, Robert B.; Baldauf, Richard B. (eds.), Language Planning and Policy in Europe, Multilingual Matters, p. 29, ISBN 1853598119
- ^ a b Belge, Murat (2014), Başka Kentler, Başka Denizler 1, İletişim Yayınları, ISBN 9789750500473
- ^ Lederer, Gyorgy (2009), "Hungary", in Nielsen, Jorgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašic, Ahmet; Maréchal, Brigitte; Moe, Christian (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 1, BRILL, p. 161, ISBN 9047428501
- ^ Lederer 2009, 163.
- ^ Központi Statisztikai Hivatal. "2011. ÉVI NÉPSZÁMLÁLÁS: 4. Demográfiai adatok" (PDF). p. 36. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
- ^ Hurriyet. "Macaristan Türk yatırımcı bekliyor". Retrieved 2016-06-22.
- ^ a b Pap, Norbet (2014), "Hungary", in Nielsen, Jorgen; Akgönül, Samim; Alibašic, Ahmet; Racius, Egdunas (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 6, BRILL, p. 303, ISBN 9004283056
- ^ "Zakaria Erzinçlioglu". The Telegraph. 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
Zakaria Erzinçlioglu who has died of a heart attack aged 50, was Britain's leading forensic entomologist...Zakaria Erzinçlioglu was born on December 30, 1951 in Hungary to parents of Turkish origin.
- ^ Sørensen, Lene Bøgh; Eliason, Leslie C. (2002), Fascism, Liberalism, and Social Democracy in Central Europe: Past and Present, Aarhus University Press, p. 304, ISBN 8772887192,
Its leader Gyorgy Ekrem Kemál - a name inherited from the Turkish father executed in 1957
- ^ "A Holocaust Memorial in Hungary created by a Turk". Salom. 2002. Retrieved 22 November 2017.
Born to a Turkish refugee family living in Budapest, in 1955, Can Togay (János)...