Rajbanshi language (Nepal)

Rajbanshi
Rajbanshi
राजबंशी‎ ; Tajpuria
Native to	Nepal
Region	Jhapa District, Morang District
Ethnicity	Rajbanshi
Native speakers	170,000 (2011)
Language family	Indo-European Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan Eastern Odia–Bengali–Assamese Bengali–Assamese Kamrupa Kamta Western Kamta Rajbanshi; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Writing system	Devanagari
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; rjs – Rajbanshi; kyv – Kayort
Glottolog	rajb1243 Rajbanshi; kayo1247 Kayort

Rajbanshi (also called Tajpuria^[3]) is a Bengali-Assamese language spoken in Nepal. It is related to, but distinct from Rangpuri/Kamta in Bangladesh and India, which is also known by the alternative name "Rajbanshi", with which it forms the KRNB cluster.^[4]

Phonology

This section is based on Wilde 2008.

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/ Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Stop	voiceless	p	t̪	ʈ		k
	aspirated	pʰ	t̪ʰ	ʈʰ		kʰ
	voiced	b	d̪	ɖ		ɡ
	breathy	bʱ	d̪ʱ	ɖʱ		ɡʱ
Affricate	voiceless		ts
	aspirated		tsʰ
	voiced		dz
	breathy		dzʱ
Fricative			s		(ʃ)		h
Nasal	plain	m	n̪			ŋ
Nasal	breathy	mʱ	n̪ʱ			ŋʱ
Trill	plain		r
Trill	breathy		rʱ
Approximant	lateral		l
	lateral br.		lʱ
	central	(w)			(j)

/ts, tsʰ, dz, dzʱ/ can often be heard as post-alveolar [tʃ, tʃʰ, dʒ, dʒʱ], when following back vowels.
/r/ and /rʱ/ can have allophones of [ɽ ɾ] and [ɽʱ ɾʱ].
/b/ can have allophones of [β w].
/pʰ/ can also be realised as [f].
/s/ can also have an allophone of [ʃ].
/h/ can be realised as voiceless or voiced [ɦ] in word-initial positions.
/n̪/ can be heard as alveolar [n] before an alveolar consonant, and as a retroflex [ɳ] when preceding a retroflex consonant.
A word-final /r/ may tend to be voiceless [r̥].
Central approximants [w j] occur, but are deemed allophones of /u i/.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		u
Mid	e		ʌ	o
Low	æ	(ɐ)

In addition to these vowels, Rangpuri has the following diphthongs: /ie, iæ, iu, iʌ, ui, uæ, uʌ, ei, eu, æi, æu, ʌi, ʌu/.

Vowels /i, e/ can have shortened allophones of [ɪ, ɛ].
/æ/ can also be articulated more central as [ɐ, ä].
/ʌ/ may also be heard as two sounds [ɜ, ə] in free variation.^[5]

Notes

^ Rajbanshi at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
Kayort at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
^ ^a ^b Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD). The Australian National University. p. 305.
^ Toulmin 2009, p. 16.
^ Toulmin 2009, p. 3.
^ Wilde 2008, p. ^{[page needed]}.

References

Toulmin, Mathew W. S. (2009). From linguistic to sociolinguistic reconstruction: the Kamta historical subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PDF). Pacific Linguistics 604. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University. doi:10.15144/PL-604 (inactive 1 November 2024). hdl:1885/146752. ISBN 978-0-85883-604-4.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Wilde, Christopher P. (2008). A Sketch of the Phonology and Grammar of Rājbanshi (Ph.D. thesis). University of Helsinki. hdl:10138/19290.

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[e22-1] Rajbanshi at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)
Kayort at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019)

[OGK-2] Toulmin, Mathew W S (2006). Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan (PhD). The Australian National University. p. 305.

[FOOTNOTEToulmin200916-3] Toulmin 2009, p. 16.

[FOOTNOTEToulmin20093-4] Toulmin 2009, p. 3.

[FOOTNOTEWilde2008[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(October_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-5] Wilde 2008, p. ^{[page needed]}.

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