Intel Core 2

Core 2
	Intel Core 2 Duo logo from 2009 to 2012
General information
Launched	July 26, 2006; 18 years ago
Discontinued	June 8, 2012; 12 years ago
Marketed by	Intel
Designed by	Intel
Common manufacturer	Intel;
Performance
Max. CPU clock rate	1.06 GHz to 3.5 GHz
FSB speeds	533 MT/s to 1.6 GT/s
Data width	64 bits
Address width	36 bits
Virtual address width	48 bits
Cache
L1 cache	64 KB per core (32 KB data + 32 KB instructions)
L2 cache	Up to 12 MB
Architecture and classification
Application	Desktop; Mobile
Technology node	65 nm to 45 nm
Microarchitecture	Core:; Merom (65 nm); Penryn (45 nm)
Instruction set	x86-64
Instructions	MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1
Physical specifications
Transistors	291 million to 820 million;
Cores	1, 2, or 4;
Packages	Flip-chip land grid array (FC-LGA); Micro pin grid array (mPGA); Flip-chip ball grid array (FC-BGA);
Sockets	Socket T (LGA 775); Socket M (μPGA 478MT); Socket P (μPGA 478MN); Micro-FCBGA (μBGA 479); Micro-FCBGA (μBGA 965);
Products, models, variants
Core names	Desktop: Allendale, Conroe, Kentsfield, Wolfdale, Yorkfield,; Mobile: Merom, Penryn, Penryn QC;
Product code names	C2S; C2D; C2E; C2Q; C2QX;
Models	Core 2 Solo; Core 2 Duo; Core 2 Quad; Core 2 Extreme;
Variant	Pentium Dual-Core;
History
Predecessors	Pentium D (desktop); Intel Core Solo/Duo (mobile)
Successor	Core i3/i5/i7
Support status
	Unsupported

Intel Core 2 is a processor family encompassing a range of Intel's mainstream 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a multi-chip module.^[2] The Core 2 range is the last flagship range of Intel desktop processors to use a front-side bus (FSB).

The introduction of Core 2 relegated the Pentium brand to the mid-range market, and reunified laptop and desktop CPU lines for marketing purposes under the same product name, which were formerly divided into the Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Core Solo/Duo brands.

The Core 2 processor line was introduced on July 27, 2006,^[3] comprising the Duo (dual-core) and Extreme (dual- or quad-core CPUs for enthusiasts), and in 2007, the Quad (quad-core) and Solo (single-core) sub-brands.^[4] Intel Core 2 processors with vPro technology (designed for businesses) include the dual-core and quad-core branches.^[5]

Although Woodcrest processors are also based on the Core 2 architecture, they are available under the Xeon brand. From December 2006, all Core 2 processors were manufactured from 300-millimeter plates at Fab 12 factory in Arizona and at Fab 24-2 in County Kildare, Ireland.

Virtual machine or virtualization abilities

Core 2 and other LGA 775 processors can support virtualization if the virtual machine (VM) software supports those processors, e.g. if the processor supports VT-x.

Newer versions of VM software do not support processors older than Nehalem (Core 2 and older), as they lack support for VT-x with Extended Page Tables (EPT), also called Second Level Address Translation (SLAT).

Models

The Core 2-branded CPUs include: Conroe/Allendale (dual-core for desktops), Merom (dual-core for laptops), Merom-L (single-core for laptops), Kentsfield (quad-core for desktops), and the updated variants named Wolfdale (dual-core for desktops), Penryn (dual-core for laptops), Penryn-QC (quad-core for laptops), and Yorkfield (quad-core for desktops).^[a]

The Core 2-branded processors feature Virtualization Technology without extended page tables (EPT) (with some exceptions), the NX bit and SSE3. The Merom microarchitecture introduced SSSE3, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep and Active Management Technology 2.0 (iAMT2). The Penryn microarchitecture, a shrink of the former, introduced SSE4.1. With a maximum thermal design power (TDP) of 65 W, the Core 2 Duo Conroe dissipates half the power of the less capable contemporary Pentium D-branded desktop chips^[7] that have a max TDP of 130 W.^[8]

Intel Core 2 processor family
Original logo	2009 logo	Desktop			Mobile
Original logo	2009 logo	Code-name	Cores	Release date	Code-name	Cores	Release date
		Desktop version not available			Merom-L Penryn-L	Single (65 nm) Single (45 nm)	September 2007 May 2008
		Conroe Allendale Wolfdale	Dual (65 nm) Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm)	July 2006 January 2007 January 2008	Merom Penryn	Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm)	August 2006 January 2008
		Kentsfield Yorkfield	Quad (65 nm) Quad (45 nm)	January 2007 March 2008	Penryn-QC	Quad (45 nm)	August 2008
		Conroe XE Kentsfield XE Yorkfield XE	Dual (65 nm) Quad (65 nm) Quad (45 nm)	July 2006 November 2006 November 2007	Merom XE Penryn XE Penryn-QC XE	Dual (65 nm) Dual (45 nm) Quad (45 nm)	July 2007 January 2008 August 2008
Full list		List of desktop processors			List of mobile processors

Known marks

With the release of the Core 2 processor, the abbreviation C2 has come into common use, with its variants C2S (the present Core 2 Solo) C2D (the present Core 2 Duo), and C2Q, C2E to refer to the Core 2 Quad and Core 2 Extreme processors respectively. C2QX stands for the Extreme-Editions of the Quad (such as QX6700, QX6800, QX6850).

Successors

The successors to the Core 2 brand are a set of Nehalem-based processors called Core i3, i5, and i7. The Core i7 was officially launched on November 17, 2008, as a family of three quad-core processor high-end desktop models; further models started appearing throughout 2009. The last processor of the family to be released was the Core 2 Quad Q9500 in January 2010. The Core 2 processor line was removed from the official price lists in July 2011,^[9]^[10] and the last processors were discontinued in June 2012.^[1]

Notes

^ For the server and workstation Woodcrest, "Clovertown", Tigerton, "Wolfdale-DP", Harpertown, and Dunnington CPUs, see the Xeon brand.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b "Product Change Notification #110665-00" (PDF). Intel Corp. June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2019.
^ "Intel Clovertowns step up, reduce power". TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. Retrieved September 5, 2007.
^ "Intel Unveils World's Best Processor". Intel. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2007.
^ "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 6, 2007.
^ "Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology and Intel Core2 processor with vPro technology" (PDF). Intel. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
^ "Intel Unleashes New Server Processors That Deliver World-Class Performance And Power Efficiency". Intel. Archived from the original on July 1, 2006. Retrieved June 26, 2006.
^ "The 65 nm Pentium D 900's Coming Out Party: Test Setup". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
^ "The 65 nm Pentium D 900's Coming Out Party: Thermal Design Power Overview". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2007.
^ "Intel Processor Pricing, Effective July 10, 2011". Intel Corp. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
^ "Intel Processor Pricing, Effective July 17, 2011" (PDF). Intel Corp. Retrieved July 17, 2011.

External links

1st public demonstration: Anandtech discovers Core 2 Duo performance under the supervision of Francois Piednoel

Intel Penryn Architecture and Performance Preview
Intel Centrino Duo Mobile Technology papers
Intel Core Microarchitecture
Intel's Core 2 page at the Wayback Machine (archived July 14, 2006)

Preceded by Pentium D (desktop)
Preceded by Core Solo/Duo (mobile)	Intel Core 2 2006–2011	Succeeded by Core i

[7] For the server and workstation Woodcrest, "Clovertown", Tigerton, "Wolfdale-DP", Harpertown, and Dunnington CPUs, see the Xeon brand.^[6]

[c2dc-1] "Product Change Notification #110665-00" (PDF). Intel Corp. June 6, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2019.

[TG_Daily-2] "Intel Clovertowns step up, reduce power". TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 11, 2007. Retrieved September 5, 2007.

[3] "Intel Unveils World's Best Processor". Intel. Archived from the original on April 3, 2007. Retrieved August 14, 2007.

[4] "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 6, 2007.

[5] "Intel Centrino 2 with vPro technology and Intel Core2 processor with vPro technology" (PDF). Intel. Retrieved August 7, 2008.

[6] "Intel Unleashes New Server Processors That Deliver World-Class Performance And Power Efficiency". Intel. Archived from the original on July 1, 2006. Retrieved June 26, 2006.

[8] "The 65 nm Pentium D 900's Coming Out Party: Test Setup". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on July 3, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2007.

[9] "The 65 nm Pentium D 900's Coming Out Party: Thermal Design Power Overview". Tom's Hardware. Archived from the original on July 2, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2007.

[10] "Intel Processor Pricing, Effective July 10, 2011". Intel Corp. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 26, 2008. Retrieved July 17, 2011.

[11] "Intel Processor Pricing, Effective July 17, 2011" (PDF). Intel Corp. Retrieved July 17, 2011.

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