Hardline
In politics, hardline or hard-line is an adjective describing a stance on an issue that is inflexible and not subject to compromise. A hardliner is a person holding such views.[1][2][3] The stance is usually far from the centrist view.[4] People, policies, and laws can be considered hardline.[5][6][7] A hardliner may be either a reactionary or a revolutionary. Synonyms for hardliner include diehard, hawk, extremist, radical, fanatic, or zealot. The term is almost always relative to the Overton window of a given time and place.
Examples by country
[edit]France
[edit]The French government has taken a hardline stance against terrorism.[8] France removed restrictions on raiding houses of suspected terrorists, although only five cases have been brought to court while over four thousand searches were conducted.[8] Critics say the approach unfairly blames the Muslim community for radical extremists.[9]
Iran
[edit]Ebrahim Raisi, a Shi'ite cleric and prominent politician, ran as a hardline challenger to President Rouhani in 2017 and was Rouhani's main challenger.[10] He ran primarily on economic reforms and increasing distance with the West.[11] He later ran again for President in 2021 and won the election by 61.9% of the popular vote [a], succeeding Rouhani, who was term-limited.[12]
Russia
[edit]After increased sanctions by Western countries, a poll from 2016 recorded that fifty-nine percent of Russians did not want their government to change its behavior.[13] The respondents felt that either Westerns wanted to harm Russia, hold it to standards they did not live up to, or were simply ignorant of Russian reasoning for actions.
United Kingdom
[edit]Brexit is a hardline position on relations with the European Union.[14][15] The United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union to preserve its sovereignty, which was dubbed Brexit. After the vote, the two top searches on Google about the European Union were the implications of leaving the European Union and what "EU" (short for European Union) meant.[16]
United States
[edit]One of the more common issues that uses hardline or hardliner as a description is illegal immigration. For example, the United States House of Representatives had two bills in June 2018 about immigration to consider: the hardline and centrist options.[17] The House failed to pass the centrist bill.[18] The House did not vote on the more extreme bill.
Words implying hardline stances
[edit]Hawk
[edit]A hawk is someone who prefers an extreme or aggressive stance, typically on war.[19] However, the term hawk can also be used for other issues, like deficit spending. John McCain, an American senator and 2008 presidential nominee, was a considered a war hawk because of his policies on the Middle East.[20] John R. Bolton, the national security advisor for President Trump, was also described as such.[21][22]
See also
[edit]- Amity–enmity complex
- Belief perseverance
- Fundamentalism
- Groupthink
- Ideocracy
- Ideology
- Siege mentality
- State collapse
- The Anatomy of Revolution
- The True Believer
Notes
[edit]- ^ Including blank/invalid votes
References
[edit]- ^ "Definition of HARD-LINE". 8 February 2024.
- ^ "Hard line, n. (And int.) and adj".
- ^ "the definition of hard-liner". www.dictionary.com. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "HARD LINE | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary".
- ^ Kaplan, Thomas; Fandos, Nicholas (21 June 2018). "House Rejects Hard-Line Immigration Bill and Delays Vote on Compromise". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "President Trump nominates hard-line conservative Brett Kavanaugh to Supreme Court". New York Daily News. 9 July 2018.
- ^ "Iran's hard-line former president has reemerged on Twitter, and he's tweeting about Serena and LeBron". The Washington Post.
- ^ a b Baux, Victoria. "Backlash: France's New Hard Line Against Terrorism". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Struggling to prevent terrorist attacks, France wants to 'reform' Islam". Washington Post. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ Mellen, Ruby. "Rouhani Gets a Hard-line Challenger for Iranian Presidency". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Iranians vote in presidential election". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ Raisi -- Which institution was the most accurate predictor of election results? tabnak.ir Retrieved 23 June 2021
- ^ "3 in 5 Russians Believe Western Criticism 'Should Be Ignored'". Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "Sturgeon: May must 'face down' Brexiteers". BBC News. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ Stewart, Heather; Sabbagh, Dan (16 July 2018). "Theresa May caves in to hardline Brexiters' demands". the Guardian. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ "EU referendum". Google Trends. Retrieved 26 September 2018.
- ^ "House GOP abruptly scraps planned vote on troubled immigration bill, saying it could pass next week". Fox News. 21 June 2018.
- ^ "House overwhelmingly rejects compromise immigration bill despite Trump support". NBC News. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
- ^ "Definition of HAWK". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ "John McCain: Hero at home, hawk in Middle East". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
- ^ Baker, Peter (10 September 2019). "Trump Ousts John Bolton as National Security Adviser". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 January 2020.
- ^ Shapiro, Walter (23 March 2018). "John Bolton is a hawk itching for war – and few are there to stop him | Walter Shapiro". the Guardian. Retrieved 13 October 2018.