Chroicocephalus

Chroicocephalus
	Silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Laridae
Genus:	Chroicocephalus; Eyton, 1836
Type species
	Larus capistratus = Larus ridibundus; Temminck, 1820
Species
	See list

Chroicocephalus is a genus of medium to relatively small gulls which were included in the genus Larus until recently.^[2] Some authorities also include the Saunders's gull in Chroicocephalus. The genus name Chroicocephalus is from Ancient Greek khroizo, "to colour", and kephale, "head".^[3]

Representatives of this genus are found in regions/subregions all over the world, each species usually being confined to a region.

Species

Genus **Chroicocephalus** – Eyton, 1836 – eleven species
Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Silver gull	Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) Three subspecies C. n. forsteri (Mathews, 1912) C. n. novaehollandiae (Stephens, 1826) C. n. scopulinus (Forster, JR, 1844)	Australia, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Tasmania, New Zealand	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Black-billed gull	Chroicocephalus bulleri (Hutton, 1871)	New Zealand	Size: Habitat: Diet:	NT
Hartlaub's gull	Chroicocephalus hartlaubii (Bruch, 1855)	coastline of South Africa and Namibia.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Saunders's gull	Chroicocephalus saundersi (Swinhoe, 1871)	China, Hong Kong, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Macau, Russia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	VU
Brown-hooded gull	Chroicocephalus maculipennis (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823)	Argentina, Brazil, Chile, the Falkland Islands, and Uruguay	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Grey-headed gull	Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818) Two subspecies C. c. cirrocephalus (Vieillot, 1818) – South America C. c. poiocephalus (William John Swainson, 1837) – Africa	South America and Africa south of the Sahara.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Andean gull	Chroicocephalus serranus (Tschudi, 1844)	Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Brown-headed gull	Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus (Jerdon, 1840)	Tajikistan to Ordos in Inner Mongolia.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Black-headed gull	Chroicocephalus ridibundus (Linnaeus, 1766)	Palearctic including Europe and also in coastal eastern Canada.	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Slender-billed gull	Chroicocephalus genei (Breme, 1839)	the Mediterranean and the north of the western Indian Ocean	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC
Bonaparte's gull	Chroicocephalus philadelphia (Ord, 1815)	northern North America	Size: Habitat: Diet:	LC

Fossils

Huahine gull †Chroicocephalus utunui -French Polynesia.

References

^ "Laridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.
^ Pons J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 37 (3): 686–699. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..686P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-01-10.
^ Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[HM4-1] "Laridae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-26.

[2] Pons J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 37 (3): 686–699. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..686P. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.05.011. PMID 16054399. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09. Retrieved 2017-01-10.

[job-3] Jobling, James A (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Gulls (family: Laridae)
Genus	Species († indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
Larus	Pacific gull Belcher's gull Olrog's gull Black-tailed gull Heermann's gull Common gull Short-billed gull Ring-billed gull California gull Great black-backed gull Kelp gull (or Cape gull) Glaucous-winged gull Western gull Yellow-footed gull Glaucous gull Iceland gull Thayer's gull European herring gull American herring gull Yellow-legged gull Caspian gull Vega gull (or East Siberian gull / Mongolian gull) Armenian gull Slaty-backed gull Lesser black-backed gull Heuglin's gull
Ichthyaetus	White-eyed gull Sooty gull Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull) Audouin's gull Mediterranean gull Relict gull
Leucophaeus	Dolphin gull Laughing gull Franklin's gull Lava gull Grey gull
Chroicocephalus	Silver gull Red-billed gull Huahine gull † Hartlaub's gull Brown-hooded gull Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull) Andean gull Black-billed gull Brown-headed gull Black-headed gull Slender-billed gull Bonaparte's gull Saunders's gull
Hydrocoloeus	Little gull
Rhodostethia	Ross's gull
Rissa	Black-legged kittiwake Red-legged kittiwake
Pagophila	Ivory gull
Xema	Sabine's gull
Creagrus	Swallow-tailed gull
Gull eggs as food Hybridisation in gulls