Texas is the second most populous state in the United States, with about
. Nicknamed the Lone Star State, Texas is also the second-largest state by land size in the country, although most of the population lives in major cities such as Houston, San Antonio, Dallas, and Austin. In 2023, the population of the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown metropolitan area alone was about
.
The population density in Texas has continued to increase and is greater than the national average, with about 109.9 residents per square mile of land area. This is nearly three times greater than the population density in 1960. When distributed by
generation, around 14.4 percent of the resident population were between the ages of 25 and 34 in 2023. That same year,
the number of people in Texas of Hispanic or Latino origin surpassed the number of white residents, with 12.14 million and 11.82 million respectively.
Economy
The Texas economy is highly driven by oil and exports. In 2023, Texas was the
leading producer of crude oil nationwide. In total,
Texas exported more than 444.6 billion U.S. dollars’ worth of goods, making it the leading state for exported goods by more than a 250 billion dollar margin. Not only did the lone-star state have the highest number of exported goods, but it was also
the leading state for chemical exports.
Behind Texas’s growing economy are
53 Fortune 500 companies that are headquartered there, which include ExxonMobil, AT&T, American Airlines, and Sysco. Thus, it follows that Texas was the state with the highest Gross Domestic Product second only to California. In 2023, the real GDP of Texas stood at
2.03 trillion U.S. dollars, which was an increase from the previous year.
Real estate
Due to the large scale of the state and availability of land for construction, many people have turned to Texas for affordable prices, making it the fastest-growing state in the U.S. However, the price of housing continues to rise and
has nearly doubled in the last decade. The
average price of a single-family home in Texas was over 299,000 U.S. dollars in 2024, with an average of 150 U.S. dollars per square foot. More than
50 percent of home sales that year were between 200,000 and 499,999 U.S. dollars. Despite continuing to rise, the cost of housing in Texas is still relatively affordable compared to other largely populated states, such as
California or Florida. The affordable real estate, as well as lack of income tax, has drawn a number of businesses to Texas in the last few years, such as Amazon, Samsung, and Tesla.
Education and sports
Texas is home to a number of top universities such as Rice University, Texas A&M, and the University of Texas System. In 2021, Texas was ranked third for the number of higher education institutions, with
135 four-year institutions and 83 two-year institutions. Texas universities are also known for their sports programs, particularly American football. Participating in collegiate sports can be a way for students to attend university at low or no cost, and provide players with the opportunity to play professionally upon graduating. The state’s affinity for sports does not end at the collegiate level. In 2024, the Dallas Cowboys were
the most valuable Franchise in the National Football League. Tying in third place with the San Francisco 49ers, the Texas team has won a total of
five Super Bowl titles. The state’s two MLB teams, the
Houston Astros and the
Texas Rangers, had lucrative revenues in 2024, with both teams valued at over 300 million U.S. dollars. Texas is also home to three NBA teams, the San Antonio Spurs, Houston Rockets, and Dallas Mavericks.
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