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A period 2 element is an element in the second period (row) of the periodic table. Period 2 has eight elements: lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine and neon. Their atomic numbers go from 3 to 10.

Period 2 elements have electrons in the first two electron shells. The first electron shell is always full. The second electron shell (valence electrons) fills when atomic number gets bigger. Two electrons join the 2s orbital, and six electrons join the 2p orbitals.

These atoms can become stable in two ways:

They can lose electrons so the second electron shell is empty. Lithium, beryllium, and sometimes boron do this.
They can gain electrons so the second electron shell is full, with 8 electrons. Fluorine, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon usually do this.

v t e Periodic tables
Layouts	Standard Large table Inline f-block Vertical Text only Metals and nonmetals Blocks Valences Extension beyond the 7th period Large wide table Electron configurations Electronegativities Alternatives Janet table Crystal structure Discovery periods
List of elements by	Name etymology (symbol) Discovery Abundance (in humans) Nuclear stability Atomic properties Production
Data pages	Electron configurations Densities Electron affinities Melting points Boiling points Critical points Heats of fusion Heats of vaporization Heat capacities Vapor pressures Pauling electronegativities Ionization energies Atomic radii Electrical resistivities Thermal conductivities Thermal expansion coefficients Speeds of sound Elastic properties Hardnesses Abundances Oxidation states
Groups	1 (Alkali metals) 2 (Alkaline earth metals) 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 (Boron group) 14 (Carbon group) 15 (Pnictogens) 16 (Chalcogens) 17 (Halogens) 18 (Noble gases)
Other element categories	Periods Metals Transition metals Metalloids Nonmetals Lanthanides Actinides Superactinides Rare earth elements Platinum group metals (PGMs) Post-transition metals Refractory metals
Blocks	s-block p-block d-block f-block g-block
Periods	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Category:Periodic table

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