Latest Issue of IEICE TRANSACTIONS on Electronics
http://www.elex.ieice.org/
Latest Issue of IEICE TRANSACTIONS on ElectronicsENieice.orgieice.orgCopyright ieice.orgFOREWORD
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_440&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Single-Shot Spectral Sensor Utilizing Multilayer-Type Pixel-Scale Filter Array
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_441&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
We report on a method for reconstructing the spectrum of incident light from a single image captured by a snapshot multispectral camera. The camera has a dielectric multilayer multispectral filter array (MSFA) integrated onto a CMOS image sensor. Sparse estimation algorithm was applied to reconstruct the spectrum. Using Gaussian functions with various bandwidths and central wavelengths as the bases matrix, the algorithm has been shown to be highly accurate for estimating the spectra of both narrowband monochromatic and broadband fluorescent light emitting diodes (LEDs), regardless of the wavelength band. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>3D Full Vectorial Bidirectional Beam Propagation Method for NRD Guide
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_450&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
We develop new 3D full vectorial finite element bidirectional beam propagation method (3DFV-BiBPM) in order to handle the nonradiative dielectric waveguide (NRD guide) components where waveguide profile varies in the direction perpendicular to the parallel metal plates. The BiBPM is one of the transfer-matrix-based methods where only transverse cross sections have to be discretized using the finite difference or the finite element scheme, and it can treat backward and multiple reflections as opposed to the standard BPM. An NRD guide with air-gap and a filter with a sapphire resonator are numerically analyze considering dielectric losses to investigate the validity of our approach. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Finite Element Beam Propagation Method Based on Coordinate Transformation for Optimal Design of Optical Waveguide Devices
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_457&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
In order to calculate photonic devices with slowly varying waveguide structure along propagation direction, we develop finite element beam propagation method (FE-BPM) with coordinate transformation. In this approach, converting a longitudinally varying waveguide into the equivalent straight waveguide, cumbersome processes in FE-BPM, such as mesh updating and field interpolation processes at each propagation step, can be avoided. We employ this simulation technique in shape optimization of photonic devices and show design examples of mode converter. To show the validity of this approach, the calculated results of designed devices are compared with the finite element method (FEM) or the standard FE-BPM. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Convergence Characteristics of Domain Decomposition Method for Full-Wave Electromagnetic Analysis
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_465&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
A domain decomposition method is widely utilized for analyzing large-scale electromagnetic problems. The method decomposes the target model into small independent subdomains. An electromagnetic analysis has inherently suffers from late convergence analyzed with iterative algorithms such as Krylov subspace algorithms. The DDM remedies this issue by decomposing the total system into subdomain problems and gathering the local results as an interface problem to adjust to achieve the total solution. In this paper we report the convergence properties of the domain decomposition method while modifying the size of local domain and the region shape on several mesh sizes. As experimental results show, the convergence speed depends on the number of interface problem variables and the selection of the local region shapes. In addition to that the convergence property differs according to the target frequencies. In general it is demonstrated that the convergence speed can be accelerated with large cubic subdomain shape. We propose the subdomain selection strategies based on the analysis of the condition numbers of the governing equation. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Precise Design of an 11-Pole TM010 Mode Dielectric Resonator BPF with Novel Capacitive Coupling Structures
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_472&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
In this paper, a precise design method of high-order bandpass filters (BPFs) with complicated coupling topologies is proposed, and is demonstrated through the design of an 11-pole BPF using TM010 mode dielectric resonators (DRs). A novel Z-shaped coupling structure is proposed which avoids the mixed use of TM010 and TM01δ modes and enables the tuning and assembling of the filter much easier. The coupling topology of the BPF includes three cascade triplets (CTs) of DRs, and both the capacitive and inductive couplings in the CTs are designed independently tunable, which produce consequently three controllable transmission zeros on both sides of the passband of filter. A procedure of mapping the coupling matrix of BPF to its physical dimensions is developed, and an iterative optimization of these physical dimensions is implemented to achieve best performance. The design of the 11-pole BPF is shown highly precise by the excellent agreement between the electromagnetic simulated response of the filter and the desired target specifications. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Single-Layer Circular Polarizer for Linear Polarized Horn Antenna
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_479&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
In this paper, a single-layer circular polarizer for linear polarized horn antenna is proposed. The multiple reflected waves between the aperture and array provide desired phase differences between vertical and horizontal polarizations. The measured gain of the fabricated antenna is 14.4 dBic and the half power beamwidths of the vertical polarization are 28 and 24 deg. and those of the horizontal polarization are 31 and 23 degrees in the vertical and horizontal planes. The polarizer has a low impact on the gain and beamwidth of the primary horn antenna and their changes are within 1.7 dB and 10 degrees. The 3 dB fractional bandwidth of the axial ratio is measured to be 1.4%. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Transient Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Large-Scale Objects Using Physical Optics with Fast Inverse Laplace Transform
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_486&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
This paper introduces a computational approach for transient analysis of extensive scattering problems. This novel method is based on the combination of physical optics (PO) and the fast inverse Laplace transform (FILT). PO is a technique for analyzing electromagnetic scattering from large-scale objects. We modify PO for application in the complex frequency domain, where the scattered fields are evaluated. The complex frequency function is efficiently transformed into the time domain using FILT. The effectiveness of this combination is demonstrated through large-scale analysis and transient response for a short pulse incidence. The accuracy is investigated and validated by comparison with reference solutions. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Fundamental Investigation of the Transient Analysis Technique for Multilayered Dispersive Media by FILT Combined with Continued Fraction Expanded Method
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_490&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
In this paper, we propose the transient analysis technique to analyze the multilayered dispersive media by using a combination of fast inversion Laplace transform (FILT) and the continued fraction expanded methods. Numerical results are given by the reflection response, inside-time response waveforms, and electric field distributions of the reflection component. Further, we verify the calculation accuracy of FILT method for the two types using a convergence test. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Numerical Dispersion Analysis of the One-Dimensional Iterated Crank-Nicolson-Based FDTD Method
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_494&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
Numerical dispersion property is investigated for the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on the iterated Crank-Nicolson (ICN) scheme. The numerical dispersion relation is newly derived from the amplification matrix and its property is discussed with attention to the eigenvalue of the matrix. It is shown that the ICN-FDTD method is conditionally stable but slightly dissipative. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>A Simple Augmentation Method Using Cutout for Ground Penetrating Radar Image in Deep Learning
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_497&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has the advantage of non-destructively and quickly inspecting internal structures such as voids and buried pipes under roads. However, it is necessary to estimate the internal structures from the GPR images. Recently, recognition and detection methods for GPR images using deep learning have been studied. This paper examines a data augmentation method using a cutout method necessary to estimate GPR images with deep learning accurately. We find that the cutout augmentation exhibits higher detection rates for all objects used in this study than a commonly used horizontal shift augmentation. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Heart Rate Control System for Walking with Real-Time Heart Rate Prediction
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_501&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
In recent years, the declining birthrate and aging population have become serious problems in Japan. To solve these problems, we have developed a system based on edge AI. This system predicts the future heart rate during walking in real time and provides feedback to improve the quality of exercise and extend healthy life expectancy. In this paper, we predicted the heart rate in real time based on the proposed system and provided feedback. Experiments were conducted without and with the predicted heart rate, and a comparison was made to demonstrate the effectiveness of the predicted heart rate. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>Development of Microwave-Based Renal Denervation Catheter for Clinical Application
http://search.ieice.org/bin/summary.php?id=e107-c_11_506&category=C&lang=E&ref=rss&abst=&year=2024
Renal Denervation (RDN) has been developed as a potential treatment for hypertension that is resistant to traditional antihypertensive medication. This technique involves the ablation of nerve fibers around the renal artery from inside the blood vessel, which is intended to suppress sympathetic nerve activity and result in an antihypertensive effect. Currently, clinical investigation is underway to evaluate the effectiveness of RDN in treating treatment-resistant hypertension. Although radio frequency (RF) ablation catheters are commonly used, their heating capacity is limited. Microwave catheters are being considered as another option for RDN. We aim to solve the technical challenges of applying microwave catheters to RDN. In this paper, we designed a catheter with a helix structure and a microwave (2.45 GHz) antenna. The antenna is a coaxial slot antenna, the dimensions of which were determined by optimizing the reflection coefficient through simulation. The measured catheter reflection coefficient is -23.6 dB using egg white and -32 dB in the renal artery. The prototype catheter was evaluated by in vitro experiments to validate the simulation. The procedure performed successfully with in vivo experiments involving the ablation of porcine renal arteries. The pathological evaluation confirmed that a large area of the perivascular tissue was ablated (> 5 mm) in a single quadrant without significant damage to the renal artery. Our proposed device allows for control of the ablation position and produces deep nerve ablation without overheating the intima or surrounding blood, suggesting a highly capable new denervation catheter. Publication Date: 2024/11/01]]>
