iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.
iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.



Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39539374/
Association of plain water intake with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease - PubMed Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Oct 30:11:1478194.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1478194. eCollection 2024.

Association of plain water intake with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Na Zhao  1 , Yun He  1 , Yuan Li  1 , Ning Zhang  1 , Yan Wang  1
Affiliations

Association of plain water intake with risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Na Zhao et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-related mortality have increased dramatically in past decades. Our study aims to investigate the association between plain water and this prevalent metabolic disease, as water plays a crucial role in regulating metabolic processes. A total of 3,543/3,428 individuals with NAFLD/MASLD were included in this study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Daily plain water intake was recorded, and mortality status was tracked until December 31, 2019. Multivariate Cox regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression models were used to assess the association between plain water intake and long-term all-cause as well as cause-specific mortality among participants with NAFLD/MASLD. Furthermore, we investigated the relationship between substituting other beverages with plain water intake and the risk of mortality. The multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed a significant association between higher plain water intake and lower all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in both NAFLD or MASLD patients. Dose-response analyses revealed a non-linear trend between plain water intake and mortality among NAFLD/MASLD patients. Additionally, replacing sugar or artificial beverages with plain water was linked to reduced all-cause mortality, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in patients with NAFLD/MASLD. Higher plain water intake is independently linked to lower risk of all-cause, cerebrovascular diseases mortality, and cancer mortality in NAFLD/MASLD patients. Increasing plain water intake may be an effective way for these patients to reduce their risk of mortality.

Keywords: NHANES; metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; mortality; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; plain water.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The flow chart for the selection of NAFLD and MASLD patients. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Nonlinear association between plain water intake with risk of all-cause (a), cerebrovascular diseases (b), cancer (c) and other cause mortality (d) among NAFLD patients. Associations were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models with restricted cubic splines. NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Nonlinear association between plain water intake with risk of all-cause (a), cerebrovascular diseases (b), cancer (c) and other cause mortality (d) among MASLD patients. Associations were assessed using multivariable Cox regression models with restricted cubic splines. MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Younossi ZM, Golabi P, Paik JM, Henry A, Van Dongen C, Henry L. The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review. Hepatology. (2023) 77:1335–47. doi: 10.1097/HEP.0000000000000004, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Riazi K, Azhari H, Charette JH, Underwood FE, King JA, Afshar EE, et al. . The prevalence and incidence of NAFLD worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. (2022) 7:851–61. doi: 10.1016/S2468-1253(22)00165-0, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Rinella ME. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review. JAMA. (2015) 313:2263–73. doi: 10.1001/jama.2015.5370 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Martínez-Arranz I, Bruzzone C, Noureddin M, Gil-Redondo R, Mincholé I, Bizkarguenaga M, et al. . Metabolic subtypes of patients with NAFLD exhibit distinctive cardiovascular risk profiles. Hepatology. (2022) 76:1121–34. doi: 10.1002/hep.32427, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut. (2020) 69:1691–705. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

LinkOut - more resources