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Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39414704/
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. 2024 Oct 16;81(12):411.
doi: 10.1007/s00284-024-03930-3.

Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Levels Impact Soil Protist Functional Core Community Compositions

Alessandra Ö C-Dupont  1 , David Rosado-Porto  2 , Indhu Shanmuga Sundaram  2   3 , Stefan Ratering  2 , Sylvia Schnell  2
Affiliations

Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Levels Impact Soil Protist Functional Core Community Compositions

Alessandra Ö C-Dupont et al. Curr Microbiol. .

Abstract

Protists, known as microeukaryotes, are a significant portion of soil microbial communities. They are crucial predators of bacteria and depend on bacterial community dynamics for the growth and evolution of protistan communities. In parallel, increased levels of atmospheric CO2 significantly impact bacterial metabolic activity in rhizosphere soils. In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 levels on the metabolically active protist community composition and function and their co-occurrences with bacteria from bulk and rhizosphere soils from the Giessen Free-Air CO2 enrichment grassland experiment. Metabarcoding sequencing data analyses of partial 18S rRNA from total soil RNA showed that elevated CO2 concentrations stimulated only a few ASVs of phagotrophic predators of bacteria and other microeukaryotes, affecting protist community composition (P = 0.006, PERMANOVA). In parallel, phagotrophic and parasitic lineages appeared slightly favoured under ambient CO2 conditions, results that were corroborated by microbial signature analyses. Cross-comparisons of protist-bacteria co-occurrences showed mostly negative relations between prokaryotes and microeukaryotes, indicating that the ongoing increase in atmospheric CO2 will lead to changes in microbial soil communities and their interactions, potentially cascading to higher trophic levels in soil systems.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Soil microbial taxonomic diversity under ambient (bars AB1 to AR3) and elevated (bars EB1 to ER3) CO2 conditions collapsed at the division (L3) level. Numbers 1–3 indicate the Gi-FACE facility rings
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of the ASVs belonging to the 80%-occurrence core “eukaryome” in bulk and rhizosphere soils under ambient or elevated CO2 conditions. AR ambient rhizosphere, ER elevated rhizosphere, AB ambient bulk, EB elevated bulk, (intersection): indicate overlapping conditions as illustrated in the Venn diagram. Numbers in the corresponding boxes indicate the total ASVs found for each specific condition (AR, ER, AB, etc.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Microbial signatures of a bulk and b rhizosphere soils according to atmospheric CO2 conditions and signatures for soils under c ambient and d elevated CO2 conditions. Groups with positive regression coefficients contribute more to either the composition of communities under elevated CO2 conditions (red bars, a and b) or the characterisation of rhizosphere soil communities (green bars) under ambient (c) or elevated (d) CO2 conditions
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Functional bubble plot of the 80%-occurrence core eukaryome of rhizosphere (R) and bulk (B) soils under ambient (A) and elevated (E) CO2 conditions of the different rings (1–3). Bubble colours correspond to the protists’ trophic functions, while bubble sizes indicate the ASVs’ abundance
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
a Protist-bacteria co-occurrence network (upper rings – protists, bottom rings – bacteria) and b protist-protist co-occurrences in soils under ambient (blue frames, left) and elevated (red frames, right) CO2 conditions for combined soil types (rhizosphere and bulk). Only ASVs with an ALDEx2 effect size greater than 0.3 (protist) and 0.4 (bacteria) are shown in the networks. Bacterial ASVs are represented by diamonds and protists in circles. Protistan nodes are coloured according to their functional traits (legend). Edges are coloured blue for positive correlations and red for negative correlations
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