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Review
. 2024 Jul 31;14(8):373.
doi: 10.3390/bios14080373.

Fire up Biosensor Technology to Assess the Vitality of Trees after Wildfires

Eleftherios Touloupakis  1 , Isabela Calegari Moia  1 , Raffaella Margherita Zampieri  1 , Claudia Cocozza  2 , Niccolò Frassinelli  2 , Enrico Marchi  2 , Cristiano Foderi  2 , Tiziana Di Lorenzo  1 , Negar Rezaie  1 , Valerio Giorgio Muzzini  3 , Maria Laura Traversi  1 , Alessio Giovannelli  1
Affiliations
Review

Fire up Biosensor Technology to Assess the Vitality of Trees after Wildfires

Eleftherios Touloupakis et al. Biosensors (Basel). .

Abstract

The development of tools to quickly identify the fate of damaged trees after a stress event such as a wildfire is of great importance. In this context, an innovative approach to assess irreversible physiological damage in trees could help to support the planning of management decisions for disturbed sites to restore biodiversity, protect the environment and understand the adaptations of ecosystem functionality. The vitality of trees can be estimated by several physiological indicators, such as cambium activity and the amount of starch and soluble sugars, while the accumulation of ethanol in the cambial cells and phloem is considered an alarm sign of cell death. However, their determination requires time-consuming laboratory protocols, making the approach impractical in the field. Biosensors hold considerable promise for substantially advancing this field. The general objective of this review is to define a system for quantifying the plant vitality in forest areas exposed to fire. This review describes recent electrochemical biosensors that can detect plant molecules, focusing on biosensors for glucose, fructose, and ethanol as indicators of tree vitality.

Keywords: abiotic stress; biosensors; tree vitality; wildfire.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Three examples of Maritime pine plants located in the municipality of Vicopisano, Italy, damaged by fire. The plants were photographed in February 2022; the wildfire that damaged them was in August 2021. Trees that are considered alive and have green, unburnt foliage (left); trees with unknown vitality; they have both burnt and unburnt foliage (center); trees that are considered dead because they are completely burnt (right).
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) The GC-MS (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and (B) the HPLC (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA) instruments used at the CNR (Florence, Italy) for sugar analysis in trees.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic approach for the use of biosensors for the analysis of target molecules to assess the vitality of fire-damaged trees. The arrows indicate the sequential steps for determining the vitality of a tree damaged by a forest fire.
Figure 4
Figure 4
General scheme of a biosensor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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