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Potential Causal Association between C-Reactive Protein Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2024 Apr 5;12(4):807.
doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12040807.

Potential Causal Association between C-Reactive Protein Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Byung Woo Yoon  1   2 , Young Lee  3   4 , Je Hyun Seo  4
Affiliations

Potential Causal Association between C-Reactive Protein Levels in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study

Byung Woo Yoon et al. Biomedicines. .

Abstract

Researchers have proposed a possible correlation between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and inflammation or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. We investigated the potential causal relationship between CRP levels and AMD. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with CRP exposure were selected as the instrumental variables (IVs) with significance (p < 5 × 10-8) from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analysis data of Biobank Japan and the UK Biobank. GWAS data for AMD were obtained from 11 International AMD Genomics Consortium studies. An evaluation of causal estimates, utilizing the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weighted-median, MR-Egger, MR-Pleiotropy-Residual-Sum, and Outlier tests, was conducted in a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study. We observed significant causal associations between CRP levels and AMD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI = [1.02-1.24], and p = 0.014 in IVW; OR = 1.18, 95% CI = [1.00-1.38], and p = 0.044 in weight median; OR = 1.31, 95% CI = [1.13-1.52], and p < 0.001 in MR-Egger). The causal relationship between CRP and AMD warrants further research to address the significance of inflammation as a risk factor for AMD.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization; age-related macular degeneration; single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration depicting a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. (SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of causal associations between CRP and AMD. (CRP, C-reactive protein; IVW, inverse-variance-weighted; SIMEX, simulation extrapolation; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter plots of MR tests assessing the effect of CRP levels on AMD (IVW, inverse-variance-weighted; MR, Mendelian randomization; SIMEX, simulation extrapolation).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Network analysis with the selected IVs in Supplementary Table S1, via STRING database (https://string-db.org, accessed on 3 October 2023) [59]. F values over 100 were selected for analysis. The result is from the full-string network analysis simulation. PPI network shows 13 genes interacting with each other. The resulting PPI enrichment score p-value is 0.000323.
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