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. 2024 Mar 6;14(3):211.
doi: 10.3390/bs14030211.

The Hidden Impact of ADHD Symptoms in Preschool Children with Autism: Is There a Link to Somatic and Sleep Disorders?

Dario Esposito  1 , Katerina Bernardi  1 , Arianna Belli  1 , Valentina Gasparri  1 , Sara Romano  1 , Letizia Terenzi  1 , Maria Elena Zanatta  1 , Sara Iannotti  1 , Mauro Ferrara  1
Affiliations

The Hidden Impact of ADHD Symptoms in Preschool Children with Autism: Is There a Link to Somatic and Sleep Disorders?

Dario Esposito et al. Behav Sci (Basel). .

Abstract

Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), do often present in comorbidity among them and with other medical conditions, including sleep and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and somatic complaints. An anonymous online survey based on standardized questionnaires (SDSC, KL-ASD, APSI, ROME V CRITERIA, CPRS, CBCL) was completed by the parents of 46 preschoolers diagnosed with ASD. A high prevalence (47%) of ADHD symptoms in this population was found, surpassing previous estimates. Sleep disturbances, especially difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep and sleep-wake transition, are more pronounced in ASD patients with comorbid ADHD. Additionally, in patients over 4 years old, there is a high prevalence of functional GI symptoms (Rome V criteria: 38%). Parental stress is significantly associated with ADHD symptoms, sleep disorders, and GI symptoms. Comprehensive assessments considering both core symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders and associated comorbidities are crucial for more effective treatment strategies and improved wellbeing in affected individuals and their families.

Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; autism spectrum disorder; functional gastrointestinal disorders; parental stress; preschool children; preschoolers; sleep disorders; somatic complaints.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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