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Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38466667/
Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2024 Mar 11;19(3):e0299055.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299055. eCollection 2024.

Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition

Affiliations

Sound waves alter the viability of tobacco cells via changes in cytosolic calcium, membrane integrity, and cell wall composition

Mahsa Sardari et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

The effect of sound waves (SWs) on plant cells can be considered as important as other mechanical stimuli like touch, wind, rain, and gravity, causing certain responses associated with the downstream signaling pathways on the whole plant. The objective of the present study was to elucidate the response of suspension-cultured tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Burley 21) to SW at different intensities. The sinusoidal SW (1,000 Hz) was produced through a signal generator, amplified, and beamed to the one layer floating tobacco cells inside a soundproof chamber at intensities of 60, 75, and 90 dB at the plate level for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Calibration of the applied SW intensities, accuracy, and uniformity of SW was performed by a sound level meter, and the cells were treated. The effect of SW on tobacco cells was monitored by quantitation of cytosolic calcium, redox status, membrane integrity, wall components, and the activity of wall modifying enzymes. Cytosolic calcium ions increased as a function of sound intensity with a maximum level of 90 dB. Exposure to 90 dB was also accompanied by a significant increase of H2O2 and membrane lipid peroxidation rate but the reduction of total antioxidant and radical scavenging capacities. The increase of wall rigidity in these cells was attributed to an increase in wall-bound phenolic acids and lignin and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and covalently bound peroxidase. In comparison, in 60- and 75 dB, radical scavenging capacity increased, and the activity of wall stiffening enzymes reduced, but cell viability showed no changes. The outcome of the current study reveals that the impact of SW on plant cells is started by an increase in cytosolic calcium. However, upon calcium signaling, downstream events, including alteration of H2O2 and cell redox status and the activities of wall modifying enzymes, determined the extent of SW effects on tobacco cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Schematic diagram of the sound wave applying setup.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The effects of SW at different intensities and time lengths on the total and free calcium concentrations in tobacco cells.
The total Ca2+ concentration of untreated (control) and treated tobacco cells with sound pressures of 60, 75, and 90 dB for 15,30,45, and 60 min are shown (a). The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ was determined by the ratio of Ca2+-bound Fura-2 to Ca2+-free Fura-2 (340/380 nm) (b). Different letters denoted on bars indicate significant differences (Duncan test, p ≤ 0.05). The overall coefficient of variation (OCV) was classified as low when it varied from 0.45 to 32.2%, medium from 32.2 to 63.95%, and high from 63.95 to 95.7%.
Fig 3
Fig 3. Effects of SW on the activity of the enzymes involved in phenolics metabolism in tobacco cells at different intensities and time lengths.
The effect of SW 60, 75, and 90 dB on the activities of PAL (a), SPO (b), IPO (C), and CPO (d) applied for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min are shown. Different letters denoted on bars indicate significant differences (Duncan test, p ≤ 0.05). OCV was classified as low when it varied from 0.45 to 32.2%, medium from 32.2 to 63.95%, and high from 63.95 to 95.7%.
Fig 4
Fig 4. EGase and cellulase activities in cultured tobacco cells in response to SW at different intensities and exposure times.
Activities of EGase (a) and cellulase (b) before and after exposure to SW of 60, 75, and 90 dB, each applied for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, are shown. Different letters denoted on bars indicate significant differences (Duncan test, p ≤ 0.05). OCV was classified as low when it varied from 0.45 to 32.2%, medium from 32.2 to 63.95%, and high from 63.95 to 95.7%.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Effect of SW on the Redox status and membrane integrity in tobacco cells.
Effect of SW 60, 75, and 90 dB on H2O2 content (a), MDA (b), antioxidant activity based on the iron-reducing capacity (c), free radical scavenging capacity (d) in tobacco cells before and after treatment for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min are shown. Different letters denoted on bars indicate significant differences (Duncan test, p ≤ 0.05). OCV was classified as low when it varied from 0.45 to 32.2%, medium from 32.2 to 63.95%, and high from 63.95 to 95.7%.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Effect of SW on the growth characteristics of tobacco cells.
Growth characteristics of cells before and after treatment with SW 60, 75, and 90 dB for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min, on their (a) viability, (b) fresh weight, (c) dry weight, (d) protein after exposure to soundwave are shown. Different letters denoted on bars indicate significant differences (Duncan test, p ≤ 0.05). OCV was classified as low when it varied from 0.45 to 32.2%, medium from 32.2 to 63.95%, and high from 63.95 to 95.7%.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Principal component analysis of physiological parameters under SW treatment.

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