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Review
. 2023 Oct 31;15(10):5863-5872.
doi: 10.21037/jtd-23-17. Epub 2023 Sep 18.

Sleep disorders and exercise: a mini-review

Neeraj Mukesh Shah  1   2   3 , Christina Bennett  1   3 , Hira Hassan  1   3 , Georgios Kaltsakas  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Sleep disorders and exercise: a mini-review

Neeraj Mukesh Shah et al. J Thorac Dis. .

Abstract

Sleep disturbance in a growing problem in the general population. As the prevalence of sleep disturbance rises, interest in treatment modalities including non-pharmaceutical interventions also grows. One of these potential modalities is exercise therapy. In individuals without sleep disorders, exercise appears to be beneficial in improving sleep architecture without any impact of the timing of exercise in relation to onset of sleep. The mechanisms for this are largely unknown but may be due to a combination of the effects of exercise on body temperature, autonomic control, endocrine and metabolic function. In obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), supervised exercise therapy appears to have positive impact on daytime sleepiness with an unknown impact on sleep quality. The effect of exercise on central sleep apnoea (CSA) will be difficult to ascertain due to the low prevalence of this condition. In primary sleep disorders such as insomnia, narcolepsy and restless syndrome exercise may be useful in improving sleep architecture but the quality of the evidence supporting this remains low. In addition, the timing of exercise in relation to sleep onset remains under investigated. In individuals with circadian rhythm disorders, evening exercise appears to delay sleep onset. In shift-pattern workers, individuals with increased cardiorespiratory fitness report better sleep quality, suggesting exercise may be protective in this important population. To allow high quality evidence-based recommendations to be made about the value of exercise in individuals with sleep disorders, there is a significant need for large prospective studies with objective and subjective sleep quality as a primary outcome.

Keywords: Exercise; insomnia; restless leg syndrome; sleep; sleep apnoea.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://jtd.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/jtd-23-17/coif). The series “Clinical Update Sleep 2023” was commissioned by the editorial office without any funding or sponsorship. The authors have no other conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Modalities of exercise that have been demonstrated to improve sleep quality in patients with insomnia.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Modalities of exercise that have been demonstrated to improve symptoms of restless leg syndrome.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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