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. 2022 Sep 26;17(9):e0274208.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274208. eCollection 2022.

Identification of circulating metabolites associated with wooden breast and white striping

Juniper A Lake  1   2 , Yiren Yan  3 , Jack C M Dekkers  4 , Jing Qiu  5 , Erin M Brannick  2 , Behnam Abasht  1   2
Affiliations

Identification of circulating metabolites associated with wooden breast and white striping

Juniper A Lake et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Current diagnostic methods for wooden breast and white striping, common breast muscle myopathies of modern commercial broiler chickens, rely on subjective examinations of the pectoralis major muscle, time-consuming microscopy, or expensive imaging technologies. Further research on these disorders would benefit from more quantitative and objective measures of disease severity that can be used in live birds. To this end, we utilized untargeted metabolomics alongside two statistical approaches to evaluate plasma metabolites associated with wooden breast and white striping in 250 male commercial broiler chickens. First, mixed linear modeling was employed to identify metabolites with a significant association with these muscle disorders and found 98 metabolites associated with wooden breast and 44 metabolites associated with white striping (q-value < 0.05). Second, a support vector machine was constructed using stepwise feature selection to determine the smallest subset of metabolites with the highest categorization accuracy for wooden breast. The final support vector machine achieved 94% accuracy using only 6 metabolites. The metabolite 3-methylhistidine, which is often used as an index of myofibrillar breakdown in skeletal muscle, was the top metabolite for both wooden breast and white striping in our mixed linear model and was also the metabolite with highest marginal prediction accuracy (82%) for wooden breast in our support vector machine. Overall, this study identified a candidate set of metabolites for an objective measure of wooden breast or white striping severity in live birds and expanded our understanding of these muscle disorders.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Metabolites associated with wooden breast and white striping.
Top metabolites (q-value < 0.01) associated with wooden breast (closed circles) and white striping (open circles) in male broiler chickens at market age (7 weeks).
Fig 2
Fig 2. Correlation of metabolites associated with wooden breast.
Maximum pairwise correlation among the 98 significant metabolites in the wooden breast mixed linear model analysis (pink) and among the 6 metabolites included in our final support vector machine (blue).
Fig 3
Fig 3. Association of wooden breast score with histidine metabolism in plasma of male broiler chickens.
Results of post-hoc analysis of metabolite values by wooden breast score are shown with estimated marginal means (dots) and confidence intervals (bars). Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that there is no significant difference between the two scores. To improve visualization, metabolites are listed in order of the adjusted means for a wooden breast score of 0-Normal.
Fig 4
Fig 4. Association of wooden breast score with beta-alanine and taurine metabolism in plasma of male broiler chickens.
Results of post-hoc analysis of metabolite values by wooden breast score are shown with estimated marginal means (dots) and confidence intervals (bars). Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that there is no significant difference between the two scores. To improve visualization, metabolites are listed in order of the adjusted means for a wooden breast score of 0-Normal.
Fig 5
Fig 5. Association of wooden breast score with sphingolipid metabolism in plasma of male broiler chickens.
Results of post-hoc analysis of metabolite values by wooden breast score are shown with estimated marginal means (dots) and confidence intervals (bars). Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that there is no significant difference between the two scores. To improve visualization, metabolites are listed in order of the adjusted means for a wooden breast score of 0-Normal.
Fig 6
Fig 6. Association of wooden breast score with nucleotide metabolism in plasma of male broiler chickens.
Results of post-hoc analysis of metabolite values by wooden breast score are shown with estimated marginal means (dots) and confidence intervals (bars). Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that there is no significant difference between the two scores. To improve visualization, metabolites are listed in order of the adjusted means for a wooden breast score of 0-Normal.
Fig 7
Fig 7. Association of wooden breast score with carnitine and fatty acid metabolism in plasma of male broiler chickens.
Results of post-hoc analysis of metabolite values by wooden breast score are shown with estimated marginal means estimated marginal means (dots) and confidence intervals (bars). Overlapping confidence intervals indicate that there is no significant difference between the two scores. To improve visualization, metabolites are listed in order of the adjusted means for a wooden breast score of 0-Normal.
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