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Review
. 2022 Dec;16(1):216-229.
doi: 10.1080/19336950.2022.2120467.

Pleiotropic Ankyrins: Scaffolds for Ion Channels and Transporters

Sharon R Stevens  1 , Matthew N Rasband  1
Affiliations
Review

Pleiotropic Ankyrins: Scaffolds for Ion Channels and Transporters

Sharon R Stevens et al. Channels (Austin). 2022 Dec.

Abstract

The ankyrin proteins (Ankyrin-R, Ankyrin-B, and Ankyrin-G) are a family of scaffolding, or membrane adaptor proteins necessary for the regulation and targeting of several types of ion channels and membrane transporters throughout the body. These include voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels in the nervous system, heart, lungs, and muscle. At these sites, ankyrins recruit ion channels, and other membrane proteins, to specific subcellular domains, which are then stabilized through ankyrin's interaction with the submembranous spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Several recent studies have expanded our understanding of both ankyrin expression and their ion channel binding partners. This review provides an updated overview of ankyrin proteins and their known channel and transporter interactions. We further discuss several potential avenues of future research that would expand our understanding of these important organizational proteins.

Keywords: Ankyrin; Ankyrin-B; Ankyrin-G; Ankyrin-R; calcium channels; exchange proteins; ion channels; potassium channels; pumps; scaffold; sodium channels; transporters.

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Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Schematic diagram of ankyrin’s channel and transporter interactions in the nervous system [106]. These include (a) in neurons (1) AnkR, AnkB, and AnkG in the somatodendritic domain, (2) AnkG at the AIS, and (3) AnkG and AnkR at the nodes of Ranvier; (b) AnkR, AnkB, and AnkG at the NMJ; and (c) AnkB and AnkG in rods photoreceptors.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Schematic diagram of ankyrin’s channel and transporter interactions in the periphery [106]. These include, (a) AnkR in erythrocytes, (b) AnkG in epithelial cells, and (c) AnkB and AnkG in cardiomyocytes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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