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Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33559479/
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. 2021 Jan-Dec:30:963689721989266.
doi: 10.1177/0963689721989266.

Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Liyi Huang  1   2 , Chenying Fu  3 , Feng Xiong  1   2 , Chengqi He  1   2 , Quan Wei  1   2
Affiliations

Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

Liyi Huang et al. Cell Transplant. 2021 Jan-Dec.

Abstract

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in direct and indirect damage to neural tissues, which results in motor and sensory dysfunction, dystonia, and pathological reflex that ultimately lead to paraplegia or tetraplegia. A loss of cells, axon regeneration failure, and time-sensitive pathophysiology make tissue repair difficult. Despite various medical developments, there are currently no effective regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for SCI due to its multiple targets and reactivity benefits. The present review focuses on SCI stem cell therapy, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, neural progenitor cells, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and extracellular vesicles. Each cell type targets certain features of SCI pathology and shows therapeutic effects via cell replacement, nutritional support, scaffolds, and immunomodulation mechanisms. However, many preclinical studies and a growing number of clinical trials found that single-cell treatments had only limited benefits for SCI. SCI damage is multifaceted, and there is a growing consensus that a combined treatment is needed.

Keywords: AD-MSCs; BM-MSCs; ESCs; EVs; NPCs; NSCs; U-MSCs; iPSCs; spinal cord injury; stem cells.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Pathological characteristics of spinal cord injury at different stages. Neuronal apoptosis and axonal damage are abundant in the acute stage. At the subacute stage, there is a large loss of neurons, axons, and myelin. Activated astrocytes, activated microglia, and macrophages accumulate in the injury site. At the chronic stage, a glial scar and an injury cavity further develop, and the inhibitory microenvironment is formed.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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