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Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32540164/
Skin penetration and decontamination efficacy following human skin exposure to fentanyl - PubMed Skip to main page content
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. 2020 Sep:67:104914.
doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104914. Epub 2020 Jun 13.

Skin penetration and decontamination efficacy following human skin exposure to fentanyl

Lina Thors  1 , Linda Öberg  2 , Emma Forsberg  2 , Elisabeth Wigenstam  2 , Andreas Larsson  2 , Anders Bucht  2
Affiliations

Skin penetration and decontamination efficacy following human skin exposure to fentanyl

Lina Thors et al. Toxicol In Vitro. 2020 Sep.

Abstract

Unintentional exposure to potent synthetic opioids during law enforcement seizures and rescue operations can potentially result in incapacitating effects or life-threatening respiratory depression. The hazard comes mainly from inhalation exposure, however, the skin contact risk should be considered. In the present study, the skin penetration of fentanyl and the efficacy of different decontamination protocols were evaluated by applying two forms of fentanyl on dermatomed human skin mounted in a diffusion cell. Studies were performed on dry skin or skin moistened by water, sweat or hand sanitizer. The free base of fentanyl displayed greater skin penetration ability than the hydrochloride salt and a higher steady state penetration rate of fentanyl in solution compared to powder on dry skin. Sweaty skin increased the penetration rate, both when applied in solution and as powder. The hand sanitizer increased skin penetration of the free base fentanyl but not the hydrochloride salt. Of the evaluated decontamination procedures, only soapy water demonstrated a general efficacy. In conclusion, the skin contact hazard of fentanyl is highly dependent on the exposure conditions and contamination density. The risk for physiological effects of fentanyl is assessed to occur only at very high exposures on sweaty skin. In such events, skin decontamination using soap and water is estimated to be a sufficient decontamination procedure.

Keywords: Decontamination; Fentanyl; Human skin; In vitro; Skin penetration.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

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