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. 2018 Feb 7:12:36.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00036. eCollection 2018.

Anterior Temporal Lobe Morphometry Predicts Categorization Ability

Béatrice Garcin  1   2 , Marika Urbanski  1   3   4 , Michel Thiebaut de Schotten  1   4   5 , Richard Levy  1   2 , Emmanuelle Volle  1   4
Affiliations

Anterior Temporal Lobe Morphometry Predicts Categorization Ability

Béatrice Garcin et al. Front Hum Neurosci. .

Abstract

Categorization is the mental operation by which the brain classifies objects and events. It is classically assessed using semantic and non-semantic matching or sorting tasks. These tasks show a high variability in performance across healthy controls and the cerebral bases supporting this variability remain unknown. In this study we performed a voxel-based morphometry study to explore the relationships between semantic and shape categorization tasks and brain morphometric differences in 50 controls. We found significant correlation between categorization performance and the volume of the gray matter in the right anterior middle and inferior temporal gyri. Semantic categorization tasks were associated with more rostral temporal regions than shape categorization tasks. A significant relationship was also shown between white matter volume in the right temporal lobe and performance in the semantic tasks. Tractography revealed that this white matter region involved several projection and association fibers, including the arcuate fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and inferior longitudinal fasciculus. These results suggest that categorization abilities are supported by the anterior portion of the right temporal lobe and its interaction with other areas.

Keywords: categorization; interindividual variability; semantic; structural anatomy; voxel-based morphometry.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Samples of stimuli. The framed drawing was compared with the two bottom ones according to four possible instructions: Same Shape, Same Category, Different Shape, and Different Category. There was systematically an abstract and/or a shape relationship between the framed drawing and at least one of the two others. In half of the stimuli, one drawing had a similar shape, whereas the other one belonged to the same category as the framed drawing, such as in stimuli (A,B). In stimulus (A), the bottom right drawing belonged to the same category as the framed drawing (“fruits”), and the bottom left drawing was of the same shape (“round”). In stimulus (B), the bottom right drawing was of the same shape as the framed drawing, and the bottom left belonged to the same category. In the other half, the drawing with the most similar shape belonged to the same category as the framed one, such as in stimuli (C,D). Some categories (60%) were taxonomic, such as in stimuli a (“fruits”) and d (“mammals”), while others (40%) were thematic, such as in stimuli b and c (“contextual and functional link”).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Behavioral data. Histograms represent means ± standard errors of the mean. ∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001. (A) Accuracy in Shape, Category, Same, and Different tasks. Repeated measures two-way ANOVAs revealed no effect of dimension (i.e., Category vs. Shape) or condition (i.e., Same vs. Different). (B) RTs for Shape, Category, Same, and Different tasks. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA revealed a significant effect of dimension (Shape vs. Category tasks, p < 0.001) and a significant effect of condition (Same vs. Different tasks, p = 0.001). No significant interaction was found between dimension and condition.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Results from the whole-brain GM VBM analysis according to dimension. p < 0.05 after FWE correction. Significant regions associated with changes in GM volume related to performance in terms of RT are superimposed on a coronal (left) and sagittal (right) view. Additional slices can be found in Supplementary Figure 2. The whole-brain analyses identified a right anterior temporal region (r-ant-ATL) (in red), in which GM volume was negatively correlated with RT in the Category dimensions (same and different category tasks) and a most posterior ATL region (r-post-ATL) (in green) in which GM volume was negatively correlated with RT in the Shape (same and different shape tasks) dimensions. Shared regions are shown in yellow. Plots between performance and GM measures within these 2 regions are displayed in the partial regression diagrams: X axes represent the residual RT in each experimental dimension, and Y-axes the residual of the mean GM volume within each region. This analysis showed that the r-ant-ATL is significantly associated with Category but not Shape, while the r-post-ATL is significantly associated with Shape but not Category.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Results from whole-brain WM analysis. p < 0.05 after FWE correction. (a) Significant regions associated with changes in GM volume (red) and WM volume (blue) related to performance in Category tasks are superimposed on a coronal (left) and axial (right) view. (b) The connectome (light blue) represents fibers connecting the right temporal WM region (dark blue) associated with category performance. It includes projection fibers from the right arcuate fasciculus (AF, long segment), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), uncinate fasciculus (UF), and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). The axial view is displayed on the left, and the sagittal views are on the right.
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