iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.
iBet uBet web content aggregator. Adding the entire web to your favor.



Link to original content: http://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23248623/
Contrasting extracellular enzyme activities of particle-associated bacteria from distinct provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean - PubMed Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012 Dec 13:3:425.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00425. eCollection 2012.

Contrasting extracellular enzyme activities of particle-associated bacteria from distinct provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean

Carol Arnosti  1 , Bernhard M Fuchs, Rudolf Amann, Uta Passow
Affiliations

Contrasting extracellular enzyme activities of particle-associated bacteria from distinct provinces of the North Atlantic Ocean

Carol Arnosti et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Microbial communities play a key role in the marine carbon cycle, processing much of phytoplankton-derived organic matter. The composition of these communities varies by depth, season, and location in the ocean; the functional consequences of these compositional variations for the carbon cycle are only beginning to be explored. We measured the abilities of microbial communities in the large-particle fraction (retained by a 10-μm pore-size cartridge filter) to enzymatically hydrolyze high molecular weight substrates, and therefore initiate carbon remineralization in four distinct oceanic provinces: the boreal polar (BPLR), the Arctic oceanic (ARCT), the North Atlantic drift (NADR), and the North Atlantic subtropical (NAST) provinces. Since we expected the large-particle fraction to include phytoplankton cells, we measured the hydrolysis of polysaccharide substrates (laminarin, fucoidan, xylan, and chondroitin sulfate) expected to be associated with phytoplankton. Hydrolysis rates and patterns clustered into two groups, the BPLR/ARCT and the NADR/NAST. All four substrates were hydrolyzed by the BPLR/ARCT communities; hydrolysis rates of individual substrate varied by factors of ca. 1-4. In contrast, chondroitin was not hydrolyzed in the NADR/NAST, and hydrolytic activity was dominated by laminarinase. Fluorescence in situ hybridization of the large-particle fraction post-incubation showed a substantial contribution (15-26%) of CF319a-positive cells (Bacteroidetes) to total DAPI-stainable cells. Concurrent studies of microbial community composition and of fosmids from these same stations also demonstrated similarities between BPLR and ARCT stations, which were distinct from the NADR/NAST stations. Together, these data support a picture of compositionally as well as functionally distinct communities across these oceanic provinces.

Keywords: biogeography; carbon cycling; extracellular enzymes; hydrolysis; particles-associated bacteria.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Enzymatic hydrolysis rates of four polysaccharides in 10 μm retentate from each station. Chon, chondroitin sulfate; fu, fucoidan; lam, laminarin; xyl, xylan. Bars show standard deviation of two replicate incubations. Hydrolysis rates are maximum rates that were measured after 5 days incubation for all substrates except chondroitin, laminarin at S6, and xylan at S3 and S6, which were from 15 days incubation (see text).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Study area with oceanic provinces, sampling stations, enzymatic hydrolysis patterns, cell counts, and community composition information. Station locations shown as stars (station numbers on left); map modified from Gomez-Pereira et al. (2010). Cell counts on left side of figure: total prokaryotic cell counts as “prok,” picoeukaryotes counted via flow cytometry as “picoeuk.” Left hand scale: for picoeukaryotes, ×103 cells ml−1, for prokaryotes, ×105 cell ml−1. Data from Schattenhofer et al. (2011) and Gomez-Pereira et al. (2010). Pie charts superimposed on map: relative contribution of each enzyme activity to total activity measured at a station; substrate names as in Figure 1. Pie charts on right hand side: relative contribution of FISH-stained cells to total cell counts from water samples that were not subject to flow cytometry (“unsorted cells”); data from Schattenhofer et al. (2011) SI Table 2. Note that SAR11 cells contributed 25–32% of total DAPI-stained cells at each station, and are not plotted here for clarity. Pie charts as shown represent 17.5, 29, 27.5, and 18% of the total DAPI-stainable cells at S3, S6, S9, and S19, respectively. CF319a, Bacteroidetes; SYN405, Synechococcus; PRO405, Prochlorococcus; AC1M36, marine clade I Actinobacteria; SAR202, SAR 202 clade; CREN554, Crenarchaeota marine group I.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Agogue H., Lamy D., Neal P. R., Sogin M. L., Herndl G. J. (2011). Water mass specificity of bacterial communities in the North Atlantic revealed by massively parallel sequencing. Mol. Ecol. 20 258–274 - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alderkamp A.-C., Van Rijssel M., Bolhuis H. (2007). Characterization of marine bacteria and the activity of their enzyme systems involved in degradation of the algal storage glucan laminarin. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 59 108–117 - PubMed
    1. Allison S. D., Chao Y., Farrara J. D., Hatosy S., Martiny A. C. (2012). Fine-scale temporal variation in marine extracellular enzymes of coastal southern California. Front. Microbiol. 3 301 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00301 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alonso-Saez L., Sanchez O., Gasol J. M., Balague V., Pedros-Alio C. (2008). Winter-to-summer changes in the composition and single-cell activity of near-surface Arctic prokaryotes. Environ. Microbiol. 10 2444–2454 - PubMed
    1. Amann R., Fuchs B. (2008). Single-cell identification in microbial communities by improved fluorescence in situ hybridization techniques. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 6 339–348 - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources