بېريوم

Barium, ₅₆Ba
عمومي خواص
Pronunciation	/ˈbɛriəm/ ; BAIR-ee-əm
Appearance	silvery gray; with a pale yellow tint
Barium په دوراني جدول کې
caesium ← barium → lanthanum	‍
اټومي شمیره (Z)	56
گروپ, پیریود	group 2 (alkaline earth metals), period 6
بلاک	s-block
Element category	alkaline earth metals
معياري اټومي وزن (Ar)	کينډۍ:Val
Electron configuration	[Xe] 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
فزیکي خواص
حالت (at STP)	جامد
دويلې کيدو ټکى	1000 K (727 °C, 1341 °F)
يشنا ټکی	2118 K (1845 °C, 3353 °F)
Density near r.t.	3.51 g/cm3
when liquid, at m.p.	3.338 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	7.12 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	142 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	28.07 J/(mol·K)
اټومي خواص
Oxidation states	+2, +1 (a strongly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 0.89
Ionization energies	1st: 502.9 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 965.2 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3600 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 222 pm
Covalent radius	215±11 pm
Van der Waals radius	268 pm
Miscellanea
Crystal structure	body-centered cubic (bcc) Body-centered cubic crystal structure for barium
Speed of sound thin rod	1620 m/s (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	20.6 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
د تودوخې تېرېدنه	18.4 W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity	332 nΩ·m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility (χmol)	+20.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Young's modulus	13 GPa
Shear modulus	4.9 GPa
Bulk modulus	9.6 GPa
Mohs hardness	1.25
CAS Number	7440-39-3
History
Discovery	Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1772)
First isolation	Humphry Davy (1808)
Main isotopes of barium
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بېريوم (په انگرېزي: Barium) له کیمیاوي عناصرو څخه یو دی چې په تناوبي جدول کې د Ba سمبول او ۵۶ اتمي شمېرې په وسیله ښودل شوی دی.

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سرچينې

↑ کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw
↑ Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

دا ليکنه نابشپړه ده، تاسې ددې ليکنې په بشپړولو کې د ويکيپېډيا سره مرسته کولای شئ.

[1] کينډۍ:Greenwood&Earnshaw

[CIAAW2016-2] Meija, J.; Coplen, T. B. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)

[3] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[4] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

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