PROSITE documentation PDOC50209CARD caspase recruitment domain profile
The apoptotic signal coming from ligand-induced oligomerization of death receptors is mediated by a number of adaptor proteins containing specialized interaction domains. Besides the caspase recruitment domain (CARD), this group is formed by the death domain (DD) (see <PDOC50017>) and the death effector domain (DED) (see <PDOC50168>).
The CARD domain was first described as a homology region in the N-terminus of the death adaptor protein RAIDD and the caspases ced-3 and CASP2 [1]. Recently, it was shown that this domain is widespread among apoptotic signaling molecules and a function in caspase-recruitment has been proposed [2]. The CARD domain typically associates with other CARD-containing proteins, forming either dimers or trimers [1,2,3,4]. It has been predicted that CARD is related in structure and sequence to both DD and DED domains, which work in similar pathways and show similar interaction properties [2].
Important members of the CARD family occur in the following proteins:
- RAIDD death adaptor protein [1].
- Caspases: Ced-3, CASP1, CASP2, CASP4, CASP5, CASP9 and CASP12.
- Inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins c-IAP1 and c-IAP2.
- Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein ced-4 and its mammalian homologue Apaf-1.
- Equine herpes virus protein E10.
December 2001 / First entry.
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PROSITE method (with tools and information) covered by this documentation:
| 1 | Authors | Duan H. Dixit V.M. |
| Title | RAIDD is a new 'death' adaptor molecule. | |
| Source | Nature 385:86-89(1997). | |
| PubMed ID | 8985253 |
| 2 | Authors | Hofmann K. Bucher P. Tschopp J. |
| Title | The CARD domain: a new apoptotic signalling motif. | |
| Source | Trends Biochem. Sci. 22:155-156(1997). | |
| PubMed ID | 9175472 |
| 3 | Authors | Chinnaiyan A.M. Chaudhary D. O'Rourke K. Koonin E.V. Dixit V.M. |
| Title | Role of CED-4 in the activation of CED-3. | |
| Source | Nature 388:728-729(1997). | |
| PubMed ID | 9285582 | |
| DOI | 10.1038/41913 |
| 4 | Authors | Irmler M. Hofmann K. Vaux D. Tschopp J. |
| Title | Direct physical interaction between the Caenorhabditis elegans 'death proteins' CED-3 and CED-4. | |
| Source | FEBS Lett. 406:189-190(1997). | |
| PubMed ID | 9109415 |
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