Thomas Paine

Thomas Paine
Thomas Paine
	Portret lukisan Laurent Dabos (sekitar thn. 1792)
Kelahiran	Thomas Pain; 9 Februari 1737; Thetford, Norfolk, Great Britain
Meninggal dunia	Jun 8, 1809 (umur 72); Bandar Raya New York, Amerika Syarikat
Pasangan	Mary Lambert (k. 1759), Elizabeth Ollive (k. 1771)
Era	Zaman Kesedaran
Sekolah	Kesedaran, liberalisme, republikanisme
Kepentingan utama	Politik, etika, agama
	Dipengaruhi Jacobin, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, John Locke, Religious Society of Friends, Montesquieu, Benjamin Franklin;
	Mempengaruhi Thomas Jefferson, William Godwin, Mary Wollstonecraft, Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, Abraham Lincoln, Thomas Edison, Jyotirao Phule, Moncure D. Conway, Bertrand Russell, Christopher Hitchens, Robert G. Ingersoll;
Tandatangan

Thomas Paine (lahir Thomas Pain;^[1] 9 Februari 1737 (29 Januari 1736 menurut takwim Julius)^{[Note 1]} – 8 Jun 1809) merupakan seorang aktivis, filsuf, pakar teori dan revolusioner Amerika Syarikat. Beliau merupakan antara Bapa Pengasas Amerika Syarikat yang masyhur melalui penulisan dua karya risalah paling berpengaruh sewaktu bermulanya Revolusi Amerika lalu mendorong golongan pemberontak Patriot mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan mereka dari Britain pada 1776.^[2] Fahaman beliau mencerminkan retorik hak asasi manusia transnasional yang wujud semasa Zaman Pencerahan pada ketika itu.^[3]

Biografi

Bibliografi

Nota

^ Conway, Moncure D. (1908). The Life of Thomas Paine. Volume 1. Cobbett, William, Illustrator. G. P. Putnam's Sons. m/s. 3. Dicapai pada October 2, 2013. |volume= has extra text (bantuan) – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1. Paine's birth date, therefore, would have been before New Year, 1737. In the new style, his birth date advances by eleven days and his year increases by one to February 9, 1737. The O.S. link gives more detail if needed.

Rujukan

^ Ayer, Alfred Jules (1990). Thomas Paine. University of Chicago Press. m/s. 1. ISBN 0-226-03339-2.
^ Henretta, James A.; dll. (2011). America's History, Volume 1: To 1877. Macmillan. m/s. 165. ISBN 9780312387914.
^ Solinger, Jason D. (2010). "Thomas Paine's Continental Mind". Early American Literature. 45 (3): 593–617.

[Conway_group=Note-2] Conway, Moncure D. (1908). The Life of Thomas Paine. Volume 1. Cobbett, William, Illustrator. G. P. Putnam's Sons. m/s. 3. Dicapai pada October 2, 2013. |volume= has extra text (bantuan) – In the contemporary record as noted by Conway, Paine's birth date is given as January 29, 1736–37. Common practice was to use a dash or a slash to separate the old-style year from the new-style year. In the old calendar, the new year began on March 25, not January 1. Paine's birth date, therefore, would have been before New Year, 1737. In the new style, his birth date advances by eleven days and his year increases by one to February 9, 1737. The O.S. link gives more detail if needed.

[JulesP1-1] Ayer, Alfred Jules (1990). Thomas Paine. University of Chicago Press. m/s. 1. ISBN 0-226-03339-2.

[3] Henretta, James A.; dll. (2011). America's History, Volume 1: To 1877. Macmillan. m/s. 165. ISBN 9780312387914.

[4] Solinger, Jason D. (2010). "Thomas Paine's Continental Mind". Early American Literature. 45 (3): 593–617.

[1]

[Note 1]

[2]

[3]